阅读理解长难句分析

阅读理解长难句分析

一、复杂的并列句

如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的是and 和but。有时，一个并列句中的一个（或更多）分句，可能包含有一个（或更多）从句，这种句子称为并列复合句。

并列连词：

表并列：and or either….or neither…nor not only…but also both…and as well as

表转折：but however yet nevertheless

表因果关系：for so hence therefore

Eg1: One of the women ,for instance,on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit in her ear.

Eg2:A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business,but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.

Eg3:In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown ,and to accept the possibility that they may “fail”at first.

Eg4: What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years,and he is able to think and speak like a mature adult.

Eg5:Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling.

二、从句

1、名词性从句

I think English is very easy.

That’s why I choose the Yale school.

How the book will sell depends on its author。

The news that our team has won the game was true（同位语从句）

2、形容词性从句（定语从句）

The news that he told me yesterday was true.（限制性定语从句）

They send this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package.(非限制性定语从句)

电视剧把这些描绘传送到巴西各地，使人们意识到与己不同的行为和道德准则，而这些都是有肥皂剧这样一个吸引人的媒介所传送的。

3、副词性从句（状语从句）

I will do it for you since you are busy.（原因）

We shall go to seaside for an outing provided the weather is fine.（条件）

I’ll let you know as soon as it is arranged.(时间)

We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.（结果）

He worked as fast as a skilled worker.(比较)

Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.(让步)

（adj./n.+as+s.+v.=although+s.+v.+ adj./n.）

Eg1:Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. Eg2:They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of

behavior and other values,which were put into a very attractive package.

Eg3:Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.

三、分割结构

Eg1:Numerous other commercial enterprises,from thearers to magazine publishers,from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.（介词短语分割）

Eg2:For a small group of students , professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the “difference”between having a good job or not.(分词分割)

Eg3:The debate was lunched by the government , which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC---including ordinary listeners and viewers---- to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.（从句分割）

四、倒装句

从形式上分，倒装有两种：全部倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。谓语动词全部位于主语之前的称作全部倒装；只将谓语动词的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的称作部分倒装。句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, nearly, at no time, in no way, not until... 等句子为部分倒装。

Eg：In front of me stood a boy. （我面前站着一个男孩。）(全部倒装)

Eg：Only in this way can we do it better. （只有这样，我们才能做得更好一些(部分倒装) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

(当Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。)

注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

虚拟条件句的倒装

虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if 省略，再把were, should 或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。

Were they here now, they could help us.

=If they were here now, they could help us.

Had you come earlier, you would have met him

=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.

If she should call, what would you say?

=Should she call, what would you say?

Eg1:Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them.(2000.6月真题) 详解：表语Primary among the arguments against uniforms 移到句首，引起整个句子的倒装，正常的语序是：Their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. is primary among the arguments against uniforms

过去分词短语做定语：experienced by people who must wear them

这个短语里又有一个定语从句：who must wear them

译文：反对制服的各种观点中最主要的就是说制服缺乏多样性，从而使那些必须穿制服的人失去个性。

Eg2:Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too--- and so did bigger crops of babies as

yesterday’s “baby boom” generation reached its child-bearing years.

Eg3:But rarely is success so mysterious.（1995年6月真题）

Eg4:Much as he likes her , he does get annoyed with her sometimes.(2000年6月真题)

五、省略

Eg1:While still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success.

详解：状语从句有省略成分，省略的前提是它和主语保持一致关系，完整的表达

While it was still in its early stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success.

译文：虽然福利改革仍然处于早期阶段，却已经获得了巨大的成功。

Eg2:While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of other, and thus lead to conflict , it can not be said that war-like conflict among nations is in evitable, although competition is.

六、同位语

同位语从句与定语从句一样，都是用在名词后面。所不的就是：定语从句是修饰限制它前面的名词，因此，它是属于形容词从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句，它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的，或者说是解释前面名词的内容。

Eg:The suggestion (that) she has given at the meeting is good.(定语从句)

The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good.（同位语从句）

同位语从句说明的名词常见的有：ability, advice, answer, belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, uggestion,theory, thought, word(消息)等。

Eg:There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.

The belief that the company will make a great is shared by everyone.

Eg1:The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people.

Eg2:We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

Eg3:All the same , no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.

Eg4:They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort ,as long as they look right.(1993年6月真题) 他们只对外观感兴趣，而且他们利用了这样一种事实，即女人们只要自己看起来不错，再不舒服也能忍着。

七、形式主语，形式宾语

I find it is difficult to learn English .

It is boring to see such a film.（这两个it 是形式主语。）

I find it difficult to learn English .

I don't think it intereting to play computer games. （it在这里是形式宾语。）

Eg1:Thus it is not merely true as frequently noted, that 90 percent of all the scientists who ever lived are now alive, and that new scientific discoveries are being made every day.

Eg2:Americans think it is all right , even sporting ,to admit a defect in themselves, but they feel that it is almost an insult to have someone else agree.

八、否定句

Eg1:I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.

我想北极地区的人要比这里的少得多。

She knows no English, much less German.

她不懂英语，更不用说德语了。

Eg2:Americans are proud of their variety and individuality , yet they love and respect few thing more than a uniform.

Eg3: The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial , but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.

Eg4: My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.我的美国同胞们，不要问你的国家能为你做些什么，而要问你能为你的国家做些什么。

九、分词做状语

Eg1:With today’s greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.

Eg2:Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially—cooled space inside an artificially—heated house—while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.( 1997年6月真题)

Eg3:Some products have too much packaging, creating more rubbish and using up resources. 十、比较结构

Eg1:The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.

She is not more sensitive than you .她不如你敏感。

She is no more sensitive than you.她和你一样不敏感。

Eg2:Brazil has become one of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth---- but more by accident than by design.(真题)

Eg3:A status has been compared to ready-made clothes. Within certain limits, the buyer can choose style and fabric.

Eg4:Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day.

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