Unit 2 English around the world-Important Language Points[优秀教案]

Important Language Points

Language Points

1. include vt.包括；包含

The price includes postage charges.

价格包括邮费在内。

The university includes ten colleges.

该大学有10个学院。

including & included:

There were twelve of us, including Tom and me.

我们有12人，包括我和Tom在内。

Everyone ha s to go to the dentist’s, you included.

人人都得去牙科诊所，你也不例外。

1)Last Sunday, Sara took with a few of her friends,______________, to the World Park where we enjoyed ourselves very much.

A. I including

B. me including

C. included me

D. including me

2)Mary has ten story books,____________5 Chinese ones and 5 English ones____________.

A. including; including

B. including; included

C. included; included

D. included; including

2. role n. 角色；作用

play a leading/major/key role in在……起主要作用；起带头作用

Mandela played a leading role in ending apartheid in South Africa.

Mandela在结束南非种族隔离方面起了重要的作用。

They are playing an important role in safeguarding peace.

他们在保卫和平中起着重要作用。

3. because of因为；由于；为了

He had to retire because of poor health.

他因健康原因不得不退休。

I didn’t go out because of rain.

because & because of:

because conj. fo因为。用于从句的开头，放在主语和谓语动词之前。because of prep. f因为（某人/某事物）。用于名词或代词前面。

She got the job because she was the best candidate.

她得到了这项工作因为她是最佳候选人。

They are here because of us.

Tom was absent______________ school______________ the illness.

A. from; because of

B. in; for

C. at; because

D. out of; because of

4. native

1)adj. as出生地的；与出生地有关的

They never saw their native land again.

他们再也没有看到过他们的祖国。

native language/tongue the language you spoke when you first learned to speak母语2)n.当地人

Are you a native of New York?

你是纽约人吗？

5. come up

1)to be mentioned被提出

A lot of new questions came up at the meeting.

会上提出了许多新的问题。

2)to be about to happen soon临近

Don’t you have a birthday coming up soon?

不是快到你的生日了吗？

3)to move near someone or something by walking走近

Come up to the front of the room so everyone can see you.

请到房间的前面来，让大家都能看到你。

4)(of plants)to appear above the soil（指植物）长出地面

The grass is just beginning to come up.

草刚开始长出来。

5)(of the sun)to rise（指太阳）升起

We watched the sun come up.

我们观看了日出。

6)to occur; arise发生；出现

I’m afraid something urgent has come up. I won’t be able to see you tonight.

很抱歉，有些急事，今晚不能见你了。

come about发生

come across e碰到；偶遇

come along一起来；同意，赞成；进展，进步

come by弄到，获得；偶然搞到，偶然得到

come up with提出（建议）；找到（答案、解决办法）

（1）Mary______________ her old classmate on the street yesterday evening.

A. came up

B. came along

C. came across

D. came about

（2）Much to our surprise, the airline has______________ a new solution to the problem of jet-plane.

A. put up with

B. come up with

C. catch up with

D. keep up with

（3）A lot of questions which are related to everyday life have______________ at the meeting.

A. come to

B. come around

C. come up

D. come out

6. present adj.

1)be present

（1）to be in a particular place(opposite of “absent”)出席；在场

How many people were present at the meeting yesterday?

昨天的会议有多少人出席?

(2)to be remembered for a long time呈现

The memory of the disaster last year is still present in her mind.

去年那场灾害现在还时常呈现在她的脑海中。

2)(only before noun)existing now现存的；现在的，目前的

What’s your present address?

你现在住在哪里？

at present现在；目前

be present to出现在……面前

for the present暂时；暂且

live in the present顺应当前形势；只顾眼前

up to/until the present直到现在

7. such as like; for example(used to give an example of something)诸如，譬如说；像……那样的（用于列举）

The local economy still relies on traditional industries such as farming and mining.

当地经济依然依赖于传统的工业，比如农业和矿业。

My doctor told me not to eat fatty foods such as bacon or hamburgers.

我的医生叫我不要吃油腻的食物，如咸肉或汉堡包。

8. command

1)vi. & vt. 挥，命令；博得，得到

Who commands here?

谁在这儿指挥？

The general commanded that the regiment(should)attack at once. /The general commanded the regiment to attack at once.

将军命令部队立刻发起攻击。

Dr. Yang commands a great deal of respect as a surgeon.

作为外科医生，杨博士博得了（社会的）敬仰。

2)n.

get/have a good command of精通；能自由应用

We should have a good command of English.

我们应该精通英语。

9. request

1)vt. to ask for something politely or formally（郑重或正式）请求，要求，恳求，邀请

Your presence is immediately requested. 即请光临。

She requested him to go with her. 邀请他一同去。

2)n请求，要求，邀请

They have made an urgent request for international aid.

他们紧急请求国际援助。

ask, beg & request：

若要某人做某事，ask是最通俗、最口语化的词。

I asked her to shut the window.

我让她关上窗户。

request主要用于较正式的讲话和文字中，常用于通告中，多用于被动语态。

Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke in the car.

乘客请勿在车厢内（或汽车内）吸烟。

beg指以谦恭的姿态要求给予巨大的帮助。

He knew he had hurt her and begged her to forgive him.

他自知伤了她的心而央求她原谅。

Visitors______________ not to touch the exhibits.

A. will request

B. request

C. are requesting

D. are requested

10. recognize vt.

1)to know who someone is or what something is, because you have ever seen them or it before认出；辨出

Susan came home so thin and weak that her own children hardly recognized her.

Susan回家时又瘦又弱，孩子都差点没认出她来。

2)to accept that an organization has legal or official authority承认；认可

British medical qualifications are recognized in Canada.

加拿大承认英国的行医资格。

(1)Although we had not met each other for over 20 years, I______________ her in the crowds at the first sight.

A. knew

B. recognized

C. regarded

D. reconsidered

(2)—Oh, it’s you! I______________ you.

—I’ve just had my hair cut, and I’ve wearing new glasses.

A. didn’t recognize

B. hadn’t recognized

C. haven’t recognized

D. don’t recognize

(3)Tom is recognized______________ the best student.

A. to

B. as

C. with

D. for

→Step 2 Analyzing some important and difficult sentences

1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak

the same kind of English.

这里的even if they don’t speak the same kind of English是让步状语从句，整个句子可以翻译成“以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以互相交流”。

even if等于even though，意思是“即使、尽管”，引导让步状语从句。

Even if we have learned “even though” we still find it difficult to use.

尽管我们学过“even though”，但我们还是发现运用它很难。

Mr. Smith likes to help us even if/though he is very busy.

史密斯先生虽然很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。

2. It became less like German, and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French.

这里的because those who ruled England at that time spoke French是原因状从句，who ruled England at that time是定语从句，整个句子可以翻译成“它（英语）不那么像德语，而更像法语了，因为那时的英国的统治者讲法语”。

3. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as Standard English.

这里的Believe it or not意思是“信不信由你、不管你信不信”，通常在句子中作插入语，有逗号和句子分开。such(. . . )as在这里相当于like或for example。整个句子可以翻译成“信不信由你，（世界上）根本没有什么标准英语”。

Believe it or not, what I said just now is true.

信不信由你，我刚才说的是真的。

4. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.

这里的in which many different dialects are spoken是由介词in+which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词country，介词in也可以放在定语从句中，即which many different dialects are spoken in。整个句子可以翻译成“美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言”。

They went to a large garden in which were many green trees and red flowers.

他们来到一个大花园，里面长着许多红花绿树。

5. These men spent nearly all of their lives trying to collect words for their dictionaries.

句子中的spend. . . (in)doing. . . 意思是“花费（时间等）干……”，有时也用spend. . . on+n. 。整个句子的意思是“这些人几乎用了他们一生的时间为了编词典收集单词”。

Now more and more city adults spend their leisure time trying to improve themselves at school or college.

现在越来越多的城市里的成年人把他们的闲暇时间花在学校里提高自己。

Mary spent 10 dollars on the new beautiful dress.

玛丽花10美元买了这条漂亮的裙子。

6. So why has English changed over time?

句子中的over相当于throughout(a period)或during，意思是“贯穿（一时间段）”，所以整个句子可译成“那么，英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？”。

Over the years he has become more patient.这几年他越来越有耐心。

Rick came to town over the weekend. 瑞克周末到城里来过。

7. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.

句子中base sth. on sth. (to use sth. as grounds, evidence, etc. for sth. else)，意思是“以某事物为另一事物的根据、证据等”，也常用be based on的形式。因此，该句可翻译成“实际上，当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是”。

He based his hopes on the good news we had yesterday.

他把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。

This novel is based on fact.

这部小说是以事实为根据的。

→Step3 Consolidation

Show the exercises on the screen or give out test papers.

1. Mr. White will______________ in the movement.

A. play a leading part

B. take parts

C. play leading part

D. take a part

2._____________ of the students who took part in the military training is 450.

A. A number

B. A lot

C. Lots

D. The number

3. Sometimes______________ English is quite different from______________ English in many ways.

A. speaking; writing

B. spoken; written

C. speaking; written

D. spoken; writing

4. When we visited Zhangzhuang again ten years later, we found it changed so much that we could hardly______________ it.

A. remember

B. think about

C. believe

D. recognize

5. The office ordered his soldiers______________.

A. to stand still

B. to not stand still

C. not stand still

D. stand still

6. They lived a hard life and were often made______________ for over ten hours a day.

A. work

B. to work

C. to working

D. worked

7. Do you have any difficulty______________?

A. on listening

B. to listening

C. for listening

D. in list e ning

8. Please tell me the way you thought of______________ the garden.

A. take care of

B. to take care of

C. taking care of

D. to take care

9. It’s______________ hot here. We can’t stay here for a long time.

A. much

B. very much

C. much too

D. too much

10. How did all these______________?

A. came out

B. come up

C. come across

D. come about