虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气
语气（mood）也是动词的一种形式变化。这和中文中的语气是不一样的。它表示说话者对所指的动词或状态所持的态度，而且，在谓语动词上有所体现，而中文没有体现。语气可分为三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一、虚拟条件句
1．主句和从句都与现在事实相反时，从句用一般过去时，be的形式要用were，主句用would/could/ should/might+不定式一般式。
If I were you, I should not go with him.
2．主句和从句都与过去事实相反时，从句用过去完成时，主句用
would/should/could/might+不定式完成式。
If I had tried hard last term, I would have succeeded.
3．当主句和从句都与将来事实相反，或指不大可能发生的事的时候，从句和与现在事实相反的从句时态相同，或用should/were to+不定式一般式，主句和与现在事实相反的主句相同。
If it rained/were to rain/should rain tomorrow, the match would be put off.
4．在使用虚拟条件句时，由于语言环境的千差万别，各种时间关系混合使用是很常见的。如果逻辑上讲得通，主句和从句的动词时态可进行各种各样的搭配。
If it hadn't rained those days, （从句与过去事实相反）
1 work would be finished next week. （主句与将来事实相反）
2.here wouldn't be any water in the river now. （主句与现在事实相反）
一、语气及其种类
1．语气（mood）
语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2．语气的种类
语气可分为下列三种：
1）陈述语气（indicative mood）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。
There are two sides to every question．每个问题都有两个方面。
2）祈使语气（imperative mood）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。
Don't be late for class．上课不要迟到。
3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：I ere，He be，She return等，用来表示一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等。
二、Wish和As if之后的虚拟语气
对wish和as if掌握关键是对它们后面的时态的理解和使用，这完全不同于虚拟条件句。wish是指未能实现或不能实现的愿望。如果所希望的事是指过去，就用过去完成时，而不管wish本身是那种时态，即从句的动作或状态先于wish：
I wish had been to Beijing．（现在希望过去）
I wished I had been to Beijing. （过去希望过去的过去）
如果所希望的事是指将来，就用过去将来时或情态动词的过去时，不论wish本身是什么时态，即从句的动作和状态同时落后于wish：
I wish I would be an astronaut. （现在希望将来）
I wished I would be an astronaut. （过去希望过去的将来）
如果所希望的事是当时的事，就用一般过去时，即从句的动作或状态与wish同时：
二、虚拟语气的应用
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
1）条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表及几点说明
①条件句的从句和主句的谓语动词形式表
If I were you，I should do it．如果我是你的话，我就要做这件事。（与现在事实相反）
If he had come a few minutes earlier，he would havemet me．如果他早来几分钟，他就见到我了。（与过去事实相反）
If you were to come tomorrow，I should ask you to help me with my work．如果你明天来，我就请你帮助我做这件工作。（与将来事实相反）
●虚拟语气谓语动词的形式一般不受主语的人称和数的影响。但主语的人称对主句中should和would的使用还是有一定的影响。英国英语的第一人称常用should，其他人称用would，而美国英语即使第一人称也常用would。情态动词could，might等除了可以用于主句外，有时也可以用于从句。
②特殊结构的条件句：“If it were not for…”或“If ithad not been for…”，“If it were not for…”或“If ithad not been for…”相当于but for或without。
If it weren't for your help，he could never go to college．要不是你的帮助，他绝不可能上大学。
③虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式表的灵活应用虚拟条件句的谓语动词表可有一定的灵活性。
A．用进行时替换相应的一般时，如用过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反。
B．用完成进行时替换相应的完成时，如用过去完成进行时替换过去完成时，仍表示与过去事实相反。
If it had been raining yesterday，I would not havecome here．如果昨天还在下雨的话，我就不会到这里来。
④混合型的条件句
按照条件句的谓语动词形式表，其主句和从句的谓语动词是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭配关系。但有时主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
2）虚拟条件句的省略情况
①省略if的虚拟条件句：
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should 放到从句主语前面去。
Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
●如果没有were，had和should则不能省略if，当然也不能倒装。
②条件从句的省略
He could not fly（if he tried）．（即使他试的话）他无论如何不能飞。
③条件主句的省略
If only I had more money！要是我有更多的钱就好了！
④ suppose 或 supposing =what if
Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？
●suppose后也可用陈述语气。
3）表示虚拟条件句的其他形式
①用介词without（或with no），but for等表示“如果没有”。
But for air and water，nothing could live．要是没有空气和水，也就不能有生命。
②用动词不定式、比较级、连词but等手段来表示虚拟条件，还可以根据内容的需要来应用虚拟语气。
She would have come here，but she was too busywith her homework．她本来早就要到这里来，但是她当时太忙于写作业了。
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1）宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，可用“should do”或“do型”（be原形动词）虚拟语气。这类动词有：suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object 等。
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
●①学习这种句型时，要注意宾语从句的虚拟语气是固定形式，并不随主句谓语动词时态的变化而变化。
②“do型”与“should do型”有时可以互换使用，但前者比后者用得更普遍特别在美国英语中。
2）宾语从句用在动词wish之后（同时参见强化训练一、正错辨析2）
①过去式用来表示现在的愿望；“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望，虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
②“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”都是用来表示无能为力的过去愿望。
I wish you had called yesterday．
我希望你昨天来过电话。
●注意wish与hope的区别。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，而hope后的宾语从句要用陈述语气。但如果不定式做宾语时，则意思上无区别。
I hope to see you．（I wish to see you．）我希望看见你。
3）宾语从句在动词would，would／had rather，would／had sooner，would／had as soon 等后面，表示与事实相反的虚拟语气要用“did”型，表示现在和将来的含义，用“had done 型”表示过去的含义。
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
1）“It +is +形容词+that引导的主语从句”句型，与用动词原形或“should +动词原形”虚拟语气。
用于本句型的形容词有：necessary，important，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable（←desire），urgent（←urge），advisable（←advise），preferable（←prefer）等。
It is necessary that he listen to the radio frequently．
他很有必要常听收音机。
2）用于“it + is +过去分词+that引导的主语从句”句型，可用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟语气。
用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）beput off．有人建议推迟会议。
4．虚拟语气在“It is…”句型中的应用
在“ It +is +（high或about）time +（that）主语从句”句型中，可用“did型”虚拟语气，表示“做某事的时间早完了或早该做了”。
It's time you went to bed.你该睡觉了。
5．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用
在proposal，suggestion，order，requirement，desire，decision，advice，plan，necessity等表示提议、要求、命令等名词的后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，可用“动词原形’域“should + 动词原形”虚拟语气。
His suggestion is that the meeting be put off．他的建议是推迟开会。
6．虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的应用
1）以be开头的让步状语从句
Be the problem easy or difficult，this method works．
不管问题容易还是难，这种方法都起作用。
2）though 可用来引出一个虚拟让步句
Though he studies hard，he cannot pass the test．即使他学习用功，他考试还是不及格。
●though后面的句子也可用陈述句，这时可与although有虚拟语气时，不可改用although。
7．虚拟语气在lest引导的从句中的应用
1）lest（免得，惟恐）引导目的状语从句，用“（should +）do 型”。
He studies very hard，lest he fail in the examination．
他学习很刻苦，惟恐考试不及格。
2）lest（=that）引导宾语从句，用“（should +）do型”。
I feared lest the students be late．我害怕学生们会迟到。
8．英语中有些惯用语包含着虚拟语气
1）as it were 好像是，可以说是
2）Long live…！万岁……
3）God bless you！一路平安（送别时用语）。
三、带有“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等含义的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气往往不需要对时间概念的理解，大都是固定的句型。它们的谓语形式都是should+一般式不定式。
1．在表示“建议”、“命令”、“要求”的动作后使用这种虚拟语气，常见的动词有，suggest，propose，order，demand，decide等。ask作“要求”解时用于此种虚拟语气，但做“询问”解时则不用。insist做“要求别人作某事时使用此种虚拟语气，但做“坚持自己的主张”则不用。should可以省略。
They decided that we（should）leave at once. （这句话有“要求”的意思）
2．用于下面句型中
It+be+上述动词的过去分词+that从句
It is suggested that each student（should）sing a song.
3．上述动词的名词形式做主语+be+that从句
My decision is that the child sleep in that room.
4．上述动词的名词形式后接同位语从句时
I told them my decision that the child sleep in that room.
5．在下面的句型中，虽然没有“建议”、“命令”、“要求”等含义的词汇，但当它们在语气上却有这种含义时也用此种虚拟语气
It+be+形容词+that从句
It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）
It's better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思）
这样的形容词并不多，常用的还有：best, right, necessary等。
四、带有惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气也属于should型虚拟语气。常用于这种句型中：it+be+形容词/名词+that 从句。
It's right that you should think that way. （赞赏）
It's a pity that you should leave so soon. （惋惜）
如果从句的动作是一个已完成的动作则要用should+不定式的完成式
It's surprising that Alice should have married her. （惊讶）
值得注意的是，如果说话人并不表达他的这些感情，而只是对某种事实的陈述，其谓语动词则不用should 型虚拟语气。
It's surprising that Al married her. （说话人并没有惊讶的意思，只是把这件事告诉别人）
许多人认为这种句型后一定要接should型虚拟语气，其实这是种误解。
1．虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的使用
如果假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式是不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形式的。虚拟条件句有三种情况。
1）与现在事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
【例】
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic. 如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2）与过去事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
【例】
She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激她。）
3）与将来事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句的）
If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of computer science. 明年我要是二十岁，我就会学计算机课程。
（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了计算机课程了。表示羡慕青年。）
If it should fail, I would try again. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的使用
虚拟语气在宾语从句中表示愿望、建议、请求、命令等。不过，宾语从句的虚拟语气可以分为两种情况。
1）在动词order, demand, insist, command, advise, suggest, request, decide, ask 等后的宾语从句中谓语动词用should +动词原形或省略should。
【例】
Joan's uncle insisted that she not stay in the hotel. 琼的叔叔坚持不让她住宾馆。
注意：insist在表示“坚持自己的看法”时，不必使用虚拟语气。
【例】
He insisted that he did right. 他坚持自己做得对。
2）在动词wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词与条件从句中的谓语动词形式一样。它很独特，其后宾语从句的谓语动词特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用过去的过去；将来使用过去将来。不管主句谓语动词形式如何。
【例】
I do wish that I could help you. 我真希望我能帮助你。（事实是：我不能帮助你。事与愿违）
I wish I had known the answer to the question. 我真希望我当初知道这个问题的答案。（事实是：不知，表示后悔。）
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的使用
虚拟语气在主语从句中也可以分为两种情况讨论。
1）主语从句的某些常见句型中真正主语从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形或省略should。
【例】
It's strange that he should say so. 他那样说话，令人吃惊。
It's important that we should learn some useful expressions by heart. 重要的是我们应该把一些有用的短语记在心里。
这样的句型还有：
It's natural/ important/ strange/ necessary/ surprising/ funny/ possible/ probable/ imperative/ better that…
很自然／重要的是／奇怪的是／必要的是／令人吃惊的是／有趣的是／很可能／很可能／迫切的是／最好……
It's suggested/ demanded/ requested/ required/ desired/ arranged/ planned/ ordered that…
有人建议／请求／要求／要求／希望／安排／计划／命令……
It's a pity/ a matter of regret/ wonder/ shame that….
很遗憾／很遗憾／很奇怪／很不好意思……。
2）主语从句的另一种常见句型的从句谓语动词用动词过去
式或should + 动词原形。It's time that…. （早该……），It's high time that….（早该……），It's about time that…. （早该……）。
【例】
It is time the children went to bed. 孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）
It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money. 他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
4．虚拟语气在方式状语从句中的使用
由as if或as though引导的方式状语从句的谓语动词常常使用虚拟语气动词形式，其特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用过去的过去；将来使用过去将来。不管主句谓语动词形式如何。
【例】
They look rather puzzled as if they didn't know anything about it. 他们看上去莫名其妙，好像他们对此事一无所知。
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it were broken. 当一支铅笔一部分放入一杯水中，它看上去好像断了一般。
5．虚拟语气在目的状语从句中的使用
由so that/ in order that/（为了……），for fear that（以免），lest（以免）引导的从句中的谓语动词常常使用情态动词，如may/might/ can/ could等。
【例】
I got there earlier than usual so that I could be the first one to enter the church. 我比平时起得早，目的是我能够第一个进入教堂。
He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exams. 他尽力学习，以便考试及格。
6．虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的使用
名词suggestion（建议），proposal（建议），order（命令），advice（建议），demand （要求）等可以接名词性从句，从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气。使用should +动词原形或省略should。
【例】
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them. 我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once. 他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
7．虚拟语气的特别用法
所谓“虚拟语气的特别用法”就是它在简单句中的应用。
1）If only 引导的虚拟语气的句子，相当于I wish。译为：……就好了。其后句子的谓语动词特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用过去的过去；将来使用过去将来。
【例】
If only she were my sister. 她要是我的妹妹多好啊。
2）某些介词短语作状语，相当于条件状语从句，句中的谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式。
【例】
Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. 没有空气，我们连五分钟都活不了。
3）在I would/ should rather…句型中，在rather后接句子，其后句子的谓语动词往往使用过去式。
【例】
I would rather you did it right now. 我愿意你马上做。
4）混合虚拟条件表示
有些条件状语从句和主句的时态关系不像条件状语从句的虚拟语气那么规范。常常把三个时间混合使用。这也需要大家注意：。
（1）过去时与现在时混合使用，即条件为与过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。
【例】
If he had followed the doctor's advice, he would be all right now. 要是他当初听医生的劝告，他现在早没事了。
（2）现在时与过去时混合使用。
【例】
If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time. 他要是现在考试及格，那他上次就及格了。
（3）现在时与将来时混合使用。
【例】
If he were here now, he was to start off with us tomorrow. 如果他现在在这，明天他会和我们一道出发。
I wish I were younger. （现在希望现在）
I wished I were younger. （过去希望当时）
as if所引导的从句可充当状语，也可以充当表语，常用于look和seem之后。as if常用作与事实相反的比喻。对它后面从句时态的理解与wish同理：即注意分析主句和从句发生的时间先后关系。
He spoke/speaks as if he were a foreigner. （同时发生）
He spoke/speaks as if he had done something wrong. （“好像以前作错了事”——先于主句发生）
一、语气及其种类
1．语气（mood）
语气是一种动词形式，表示讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2．语气的种类
语气可分为下列三种：
1）陈述语气（indicative mood）表示讲话人认为他所说的话是一个事实。
There are two sides to every question．每个问题都有两个方面。
2）祈使语气（imperative mood）表示讲话人对对方的请求或命令。
Don't be late for class．上课不要迟到。
3）虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：I ere，He be，She return等，用来表示一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、猜测、可能、空想等。
二、Wish和As if之后的虚拟语气
对wish和as if掌握关键是对它们后面的时态的理解和使用，这完全不同于虚拟条件句。wish是指未能实现或不能实现的愿望。如果所希望的事是指过去，就用过去完成时，而不管wish本身是那种时态，即从句的动作或状态先于wish：
I wish had been to Beijing．（现在希望过去）
I wished I had been to Beijing. （过去希望过去的过去）
如果所希望的事是指将来，就用过去将来时或情态动词的过去时，不论wish本身是什么时态，即从句的动作和状态同时落后于wish：
I wish I would be an astronaut. （现在希望将来）
I wished I would be an astronaut. （过去希望过去的将来）
如果所希望的事是当时的事，就用一般过去时，即从句的动作或状态与wish同时：
一、正错辨析
1．错：It is（high）time we go．
正：It is（high） time we went．
正：It is（high） time we should go．
正：It is time for us to go．
It is time后的定语从句通常要用虚拟语气，动词要用过去式，或用should加原形动词。这类句子含有“我们做某事的时间已过了（早就应该做了）”之意。
2．错：I wish you could join us in the party last night．
正：I wish you could have joined us in the party last night．
“wish”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。其谓语动词有下面三种情况：
（1）对目前的状况所表示的祝愿或抱歉，谓语动词为：were或一般过去式；
（2）对将来发生的事情表示祝愿，谓语动词为：could（或would）+动词原形；
（3）对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔，谓语动词为：过去完成时或could（would）+ have +过去分词。
3．错：He would not do so unless he is ordered to．
正：He would not do so unless he were ordered to．
unless 引导条件状语从句相当于if的反意词“除外”，这一从句常用虚拟语气。因此，主句用虚拟语气时，从句应作相应的配合。
4．错：He speaks as if he is a hero．
正：He speaks as if he were a hero．
as if或as though引导状语从句大多数情况下要用虚拟语气，从句中动词用过去时或过去完成时。不过在look后面的as if 引起的从句中用虚拟和陈述两种语气都可以：
She looks as if she is only in her thirties．
It looks as if it were going to rain．
此外 smell，sound，seem等用作系动词时也有类似的情况。
5．错：Without our interruption，you may finish it earlier．
正：Without our interruption，you might have finished it earlier．
without是一带条件状语性质的介词，表示虚拟条件时，句子也要用虚拟语气。
二、选择填空
1．If I ______ you，I wouldn't return the call．
A．be B．am C．was D．were
2．If he ______ the storekeeper's scissors, he would have forgotten to Buy a pair．
A．would of seen B．had not seen
C．had not of seen D．has seen
3．I would have gone to the meeting，if I ______ more time．
A．had had B．have had C．had D．would have had
4．I could have Done Better if I ______ more time．
A．have had B．had C．had had D．will have had
5．Your examination results were quite good，but ______ if you had spent less time in playing football？
A．wouldn't they have Been Better B．wouldn't they Be Better
C．won't they Be Better D．won't they have Been Better
6． ______ today，he would get there By Friday．
A．Would he leave B．Was he leaving
C．Were he to leave D．If he leaves
7．If I had hurried，I ______ the train．
A．would catch B．could catch
C．would have caught D．had caught
8．If you had Been with us，you ______ our excitement．
A．have understood B．understood
C．will understand D．would have understood
9．Without your help，we ______ so much．
A．will not achieve B．didn't achieve
C．don't achieve D．would not have achieved
10．Mary insisted that Tom ______ her the ring Back．
A．gives B．give C．given D．have given
11．His Doctor suggested that he ______ a short leave of absence．
A．will take B．would take C．take D．took
12．The job would require that ______ at 7 o'clock every morning．
A．he will Be at the factory B．he Be at the factory
C．he was at the factory D．he has Been at the factory
13．Your advice that she ______ till next week is reasonable．
A．will wait B．is going to wait C．waits D．wait
14．The housemaster was strict．He requested that we ______ television on week nights．
A．not watch B．must not to watch
C．not Be watching D．have not watched
15．It is necessary that a worker ______ his work on time．
A．accomplishes B．can accomplish
C．accomplish D．has accomplished
16．It is important that he ______ his Decision Before Friday．
A．will make B．makes C．make D．must make
17．You look so tired. It's time you ______ ．
A．go to sleep B．went to sleep
C．go to Bed D．went to Bed
18．I'd rather you ______ anything about it for the time being．
A．do B．didn't Do C．don't D．didn't
19．But for water，it ______ impossible to live in thedesert．
A．is B．was C．were D．wouldn't Be
20． ______ it______ for your help，I couldn't have ade any progress．A．Had；not Been B．Should；not Been
C．Did；not Been D．Not；be
21．Long ______ the Party！
A．lives B．live C．will live D．should live
22．If only I ______ my car！
A．hadn't lost B．would not lose
C．didn't lose D．haven't lost
23．My suggestion was that the meeting ______ off tillnext week．
A．to put B．be put
C．should put D．be putting
24．Mother suggested that I ______ my homework first before watching TV．A．did B．do ．shall Do D．Have Done
25． ______ I Be free tomorrow，I could go with you．
A．Could B．Should C．Might D．Must
【参考答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A
6．C 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．B
11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C
16．C 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．A
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．B
A层次选题：（一）
1．If I ___ ten years younger, I ______ very happy.
A．were, would be B．am, shall be
C．were, shall be D．am, would be
2．----You can ask your brother for help.
----He is not at home. If he ______ , I ______ .
A．is, would B．were, would C．is, will D．were, will
3．If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.
A．follow B．followed C．would follow D．had followed
4．If he had not missed the train, he ______ by then.
A．might get B．might have got C．got D．had got
5．What would you have done last night, if you ______ to write your homework. A．hadn't B．haven't had C．didn't have D．hadn't had
6．----Did you catch the plane?
----No, if I had hurried, I ______ .
A．would B．would have C．could D． did
7．Why didn't you tell him the truth? If I ______ you, I would have. A．were B．had been C．am D．would be
8．----How do you like the party?
----Wonderful. If you had come with us, you ______ a good time.
A．had B．had had C．would have D．would have had
9．If I ______ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. A．didn't run B．shouldn't run C．haven't run D．hadn't run
10．If you ______ early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon. A．have started B．were start C．were to start D．had started
11．If you ______ to the moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth.
A．travel B．had travelled C．should travel D．have trarelled
12．What ______ yesterday if you ______ TV programme.
A．would you do, hadn't watch
B．would you have done, hadn't watched
C．could you do, didn't watch
D．would you have done, didn't watch
13．----Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?
----No, but if I ______ time, I ______ very glad to go there.
A．have, will be B．had had, would have been
C．had, would be D．had had, would be
14．----My boss often made me work day and night.
----If I ______ you, I ______ the job.
A．am, will give upB．had been you, would have given up
C．were, would give up D．had been you, would give up
15．If you tell me all about it, I ______ able to decide.
A．would be B．could be C．were D．shall be
16．If you ______ George, would you please tell him to ring me?
A．saw B．were to C．have seen D．see
17．I'm sure he hasn't sent the letter. If he ______ it, I ______ .
A．sent, got B．sent, have got
C．sent, would go D．had sent, would have got
18．----Sally finally got here from Chicago.
高考虚拟语气用法详解()
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
英语常见虚拟语气最全总结
英语常见虚拟语气最全总结 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．If I ____ a candle, I would light the world bright. A．am B．are C．be D．were 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果我是一根蜡烛，我将点亮这个世界。if I were 如果我是…，were虚拟语气，be动词都用were,故选D 考点：if条件句的虚拟语气 点评：if条件句的虚拟语气，是中考要求掌握的知识点，分为三种情况： 表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用一般过去式（be用were），主句谓语动词 用should/would/could/might +do;2.表示与过去的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用过去完成时，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might+have done;3.表将来的事实相反的情况，从句谓语动词用should+动词/did/were to do，主句谓语动词用should/would/could/might +do。 2．If I _______ you, I _______ go there. A．is; will B．is; would C．were; would D．was; will 【答案】C 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。 1.57．---What would you do if you a million dollars? ---If I you, I’d g ive it to medical research. A．got, were B．win, am C．won, am D．get, were 【答案】A 【解析】本题是考查的虚拟语气，对于将来的假设，主句用过去将来时，从句用一般过去时，且be动词为were，故选A 2.58．What _____ you _____ if you had a million dollars? A．would, did B．will, do C．would, do D．will, did 【答案】C 【解析】本题是对于虚拟语气的特殊疑问句的考查，根据句子的结构，选C 3．I suggest that we Chinese people_______Chinese culture with love and joy everywhere we go. A．spread B．spreading C．to spread D．will spread 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我建议我们中国人无论走到哪里都要带着爱心和欢乐来传播中国文化， 考查动词suggest后跟虚拟语气。spread是动词原形；spreading是动名词；to spread是动
虚拟语气用法总结及详细解析
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气用法详解
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题及解析 一、选择题 1．I insisted he______ back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he______it. A．handed; didn’t steal B．hand; hadn’t stolen C．hand; not steal D．handed; hadn’t stolen 2．Recent years have seen a growing increase in the emergence of cyber terms, without which our life _____ so colorful nowadays. A．won’t be B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．can’t be 3．This winter vacation, my family are going to visit the Great Wall, but I would rather we ________ to Shanghai Disneyland. A．go B．had gone C．would go D．went 4．The requirement of the government is that the citizens not set off fireworks from January 1, 2019 on. A．shall B．should C．can D．may 5．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 6．I wish I ________ an architect because then I ________ be able to design my own house. A．am, will be B．were, would C．will be, could D．was, could 7．How I wish I ______ my mouth before I shouted at my mum! A．shut B．have shut C．had shut D．would shut 8．That was not the first time he ____ us. I think it's high time we ____ strong actions against him. A．betrayed, take B．had betrayed, took C．has betrayed, took D．has betrayed, take 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ___________ it better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 12．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ.
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be） 如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图
虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的方式状语从句中1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。 He treats the boy as if he were his own son. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He spoke as if he had known about it. 3．表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might, could)+动词原形 He acts as if he could win in the game . 注意：1.在as if/as though 句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。 例：He looks as if he going to be ill. 2.as though或as if引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。 虚拟语气用在lest，for fear that，so that及in order that引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成 For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella. 由“providing（that） /provided（that）/on condition that/suppose （that）/supposing （that）”引导的条件从句根据情况，1.可以用虚拟语气。 例：suppose/supposing that it rained,we shouldn’t go out. 2.也可以用陈述语气。 例：They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon..
虚拟语气的用法讲解
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1)
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1) 一、选择题 1．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice. A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followed C．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed 2．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 3．Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight . A．could not have solved B．could not be solved C．can not have been solved D．could not have been solved 4．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 5．—Oh, dear. I’m really ve ry busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 6．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now. A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 7．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 8．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 9．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving. － I wish they ______ always late. A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t be en 14．________, the damage would be incalculable.
英语虚拟语气用法总结
英语虚拟语气用法总结 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： 从句：主语+过去时 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞.(事实：我不可能是你) 2.If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你.(事实：不知道) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/could/might+have done eg： 1. If I had got there earlier,I should/could have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她. (事实：去晚了) 2.If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了.(事实：没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测 从句：主句 ①if+主语+were to do ：①主语+should/would/could/might+do ②if+主语+did/were ②主语+should/would/could/might+do ③if+主语+should+do ③主语+should/would/could/might+do eg： 1.If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
高考英语虚拟语气语法专项讲解
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
(完整word版)虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴God save me. ⑵Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。
英语虚拟语气用法详解
英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
虚拟语气用法大全
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过