[全]高考英语-阅读理解长难句-分析详解

高考英语-阅读理解长难句分析详解And though I aim to defeat you, should I succeed, I will

not humiliate you; instead, I will honor you.

词汇与表达：

aim [e?m] n. 目标vt.&vi. 以……为目标

defeat [d?’fi?t] vt. 击败，战胜

humiliate [hj?’m?l?e?t] vt. 羞辱

honor [ɑn?] n. 荣誉vt. 尊敬；给……以荣誉

解析

1. 找主句

I will not humiliate you; instead, I will honor you. 我不光不会去羞辱你，相反，我将以你为荣。

honor本身是名词“荣耀”，这里是动词“给……荣誉”的意思。

2. 辨关系

1）And though I aim to defeat you

“虽然我的目标是打败你”，这句话表示“不羞辱你”的一种意想不到的情况，也叫让步状语从句。

aim to do sth.，意思是“打算做某事、目标在于做某事”。

2）should I succeed

如果我成功了，（我也不会去羞辱你）

说明不会羞辱你的前提条件。

should这个词，除了有“应该”的意思，也有“如果、万一”的意思，和if一样，都表示一种条件。should I succeed=if I succeed（如果我成功的话），也就是“如果我打败你了”。

should表示“如果、万一”，比如说：Should you ever need any help, please don't hesitate to call me.（如果你需要任何帮助，请直接给我打电话。）这句话我们也可以说成：If you ever need any help, please don't hesitate to call me.

3. 翻译

虽然我的目标是战胜你，但如果我胜利了，我也不会羞辱你；相反，我将以你为荣。

4. 启发

1）语法结构

本句中分号分句子前后两部分，转折用的是instead；前半部分融让步状语从句和条件状语从句于一体，使得句子形式加长。

2）文化

人都有竞争的本性，不论年龄大小和专注的领域，人之所以会不断追求进步，除了个人兴趣的驱使，还有一个很大的原因，就是想和同领域的人一决高低。因此，无论学习还是工作，有一个或者几个强大的竞争对手，对于我们提高自身的能力极其重要。

If a customer feels inspired to buy a product, rather than manipulated, they will be able to verbalize the reasons why they think what they bought is actually better.

词汇与表达

inspiration [??nsp??re??n] n. 灵感；鼓舞

inspire [?n’spa??] vt. 启发；激励，鼓舞

verbalize [‘v?b?la?z] vt. 用言语表达

motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事

feel inspired to do sth. 受到鼓舞去做某事

the reason why sb. do sth. 某人做某事的理由

解析

1. 找主句

they will be able to verbalize the reason

他们就能说出原因

2. 辨关系

1）If a customer feels inspired to buy a product

如果顾客感觉自己受到了鼓舞而去购买一款产品。if条件状语从句，feel inspired to do sth. 受到鼓舞去做某事。

rather than manipulated, 而不是被操纵，rather than表示“而不是”，这前后两点都是同一个主语customer（顾客），所以省略了动词feels。

什么叫做feel manipulated（被操纵）？也就是购买的动机不是出自顾客自己，而是产品的功能一直在向顾客传达他们家的产品好，也就是What（是什么）的

问题。但是feels inspired（受到鼓舞）向顾客传达的是你为什么应该买这款产品，也就是Why（为什么）的问题。顾客知道了自己为什么应该买，才更有身份认同感。

2）why they think what they bought is actually better

为什么顾客觉得他们买的产品实际上更好。

why引导的定语从句来具体修饰主句中reason。而在这个定语从句中还含着一个宾语从句：what they bought is actually better （他们买的产品实际上更好）

翻译

如果顾客感觉自己受到了启发而去购买一款产品，而不是受到操纵，他们就能找出原因，来说明为什么自己买的这个更好。

启发

这句话究竟什么意思呢？举个例子：

2001年，苹果公司推出了MP3播放器iPod，打出的口号叫做“把1000首歌装进口袋”（1000 songs in your pocket）。这条广告词在措辞上的出发点，告诉顾客看得见摸得着的“你为什么要买iPod”，结果ipod大卖。

但其实iPod并不是世界上的第一款MP3。早在1999年，新加坡创新科技公司（Creative Technology）就开始批量生产MP3了，但他们的口号是“容量5G

的MP3播放器”（a 5GB mp3 player），这个口号就是一个典型的What（是什么东西），这在当时普通消费者听起来甚至都不知道5GB是什么意思，也就根本体会不到这种东西对自己的生活有什么直接的影响。所以根本无人问津他们的产品。

给我们常人特别是广告人的深刻启发：

即使你是一款划时代产品的创始人，如果你做事的思路不对，你的产品也不一定能卖好。但是反过来，如果你从一开始就一直想着自己“为什么要做一件事”，即使你的产品不是第一家，你也能获得大家的认同。

You are my adversary, but you are not my enemy, for your resistance gives me strength, your will gives me courage, your spirit ennobles me. 词汇与表达

adversary [??dv?rseri] n. 对手

resistance [r?’z?st?ns] n. 阻力；反抗；抵抗力

courage [?k?:r?d?] n. 勇气；胆量

ennoble [?’n??b(?)l] vt. 使……高贵

解析

1. 找主句

You are my adversary, but you are not my enemy. 你是我的对手，但不是敌人。

but连接的并列句。adversary（对手）前缀ad-表示“朝向”，中间的-vers-（词根“转”）adversary这个词，字面意思是“转到另一面”，指的是和你不在一个方向上的人，也就是赛场上的“对手”。从词源上来说，adversary属于中性词，仅仅代表的是和某人不在同一方向而已。

但是enemy（敌人）这个词则不同，前缀en-是un-的变体表示“否定”，中间的-em-是词根“爱”。比如amateur（业余爱好者），前面的-am-和-em-一样，都表示“爱”，后面的ateur和ator一样，都表示一种“人”，所谓的amateur，字面意思就是“爱一件事的人”，后来专指一件事的“业余爱好者”。enemy（敌人）这个词，字面意思是“不爱”，突出的是情感上的厌恶，也就是“敌人、仇敌”。

这句话写得很有高度：虽然是竞争的关系，但情绪上并没有因此而对对方产生敌意。

2. 辨关系

For your resistance gives me strength, your will gives me courage, your spirit ennobles me

其实for是并列连词，for引导的三个句子，承接上一句话，解释虽是对手，但不是敌人的原因。

For your resistance gives my strength

（因为你的竞争给予我力量）

resistance的意思是“反抗”，在奥运会赛场上其实我们可以理解成和对手“竞争”。

your will gives me courage

你的意志带给我勇气

这里的will是名词，表示“意志”。你说，老师，will不是“将要”的意思吗？其实，will的本意就是“希望、意愿”，和wish有关，而所谓的“意志”，就是为了“希望达成一个目标而对自己提出的要求”。另外，will作名词，也可以表示“遗嘱”，也就是一个人临终时的“希望”。

your spirit ennobles me. 你的精神使我崇高。

ennoble这个词，来自noble，形容词“高贵的”，ennoble 作动词，意思是“使……高贵、使……崇高”。

翻译

你是我的对手，但不是敌人，因为你的竞争给予我力量，你的意志带给我勇气，你的精神使我崇高。

启发

语法结构上用三个原因状语从句增加了整个句子容量，名副其实的长句，但不是难句，因为这样的竞争观念、竞争意识已深入人心、大行其道。由此衍生出无尽的奥运精神财富，让无数平凡人心中燃起生命圣火。

主题句：

Long before Sex and the City, Audrey Hepburn portrayed the epitome of the New York single woman in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s.

词汇与表达：

portray [p?:r?tre?] vt. 描绘；扮演

epitome [?’p?t?mi] n. 典型；缩影；摘要

long before 早在……之前；在……之前很久

Sex and the City 《欲望都市》（美国电视系列剧）

portray the epitome of 刻画了……的缩影

Breakfast at Tiffany’s 《蒂芙尼的早餐》（电影名）

解析：

1. 找主句

Audrey Hepburn portrayed the epitome.

赫本刻画了缩影。

Audrey Hepburn 奥黛丽·赫本

著名影星，奥斯卡影后，世人敬仰她为“人间天使”。身为好莱坞最著名的女星之一，她以高雅的气质与有品味的穿着著称。1999年，她被美国电影学会选为百年来最伟大的女演员。赫本晚年投身慈善事业，是联合国儿童基金会亲善大使的代表，1992年被授予“总统自由勋章”。

portrayed 扮演了

portray这个词，本意是“描绘”的意思，属于绘画领域，但是在电影行业，portray 也可以表示“扮演”，也就是“把一个人的形象刻画出来”。

其实一看“缩影”，如果不进行进一步修饰和展开，没办法让读者明白其具体含义，显然太笼统。所以这个地方会进一步展开，添加定语。

2.辨关系

1）Long before Sex and the City 远在《欲望都市》之前——“刻画缩影”的时间。

before是“在……之前”，前面加了个形容词long，long before也就是“远在……之前”的意思。

Sex and the City（《欲望都市》）是美国1998年到2004年期间热播的一部非常成功的电视剧，主要讲的是纽约曼哈顿四个单身女人身上的故事，虽然这部系列剧在上映之后获奖无数，也收到了众多批判的声音，但是这种围绕欲望、诱惑、爱情之类很反应美国社会现实的故事，总体来讲还是广大老百姓非常喜闻乐见的。

2）of the New York single woman 纽约单身女性

介词短语修饰epitome（一种缩影），

什么缩影呢？纽约单身女性的缩影

3）in the film Breakfast at Tiffany’s. 在电影《蒂芙尼的早餐》里。

地点状语，说明赫本做这件事的地点是在这部电影里面。

Breakfast at Tiffany’s（《蒂芙尼的早餐》）

1961年美国上映的一部影响力极大的电影。奥黛丽·赫本在这部电影里的角色，是一个想在上流社会找一个金龟婿的交际花，但是奥黛丽·赫本塑造的这个角色在崇拜物质和金钱的同时，也非常天真善良，而且这部电影也让大家看到了赫本

在表演方面张力十足的表现。被评价为smoldering sexuality and heartbreaking charm（骨子里炽热的性感以及令人心碎的魅力）。她也因为这部电影获得了自己电影生涯第四次奥斯卡最佳女演员的提名。

更重要的是奥黛丽·赫本在这部电影里，无论是发型、眼镜、还是裙子等很多经典的打扮给整个美国，乃至当时整个西方世界的女性带来的影响巨大的时尚潮流。

翻译

远在《欲望都市》之前，奥黛丽·赫本在电影《蒂芙尼的早餐》里就扮演了纽约单身女性的缩影。

启迪

英语描绘的是一个广阔的大千世界，而英语作为一门工具语言，为我们打开了看世界的一扇窗。

主题句

In 2001, ILM brought history to life like never before with the epic World War Ⅱbattle sequences in Pearl Harbor, another series of landmark achievements for the company.

词汇与表达

epic [‘ep?k] adj. 史诗的n. 史诗

battle [‘b?t(?)l] n. 战役

sequence [‘si?kw(?)ns] n. 顺序；一系列

series [‘s?riz] n. 系列

landmark [‘l?ndmɑrk] n. 地标；里程碑achievement [?’t?ivm?nt] n. 成就

realism [‘ri?l?z?m] n. 现实主义；现实性；逼真

bring sth. to life 赋予某物生命

like never before 史无前例；前所未有

Pearl Harbor 《珍珠港》（电影名）

landmark achievement 标志性成就

解析

1. 找主句

ILM brought history to life. 工业光魔让历史焕发了生机。

bring sth. to life 意思是“使某物复苏、重新焕发生机”，这里指的就是让历史的一幕又一次真实地出现在了荧幕上。

2.辨关系

1）In 2001 2001年，指时间。

like never before 不像以往任何事情，也就是“史无前例地、前所未有的”。

2) with the epic World War Ⅱbattle sequences 用史诗级的第二次世界大战战役的片段

with作方式状语，具体告诉我们用什么方式把历史搬上荧屏。epic是形容词“史诗般的”，World War Ⅱ是“第二次世界大战”，battle是“战役”，最后的sequences这个词，本意是“顺序、系列”，但是在电影行业，专指一个电影的“系列镜头”，也就是电影的“片段”。

3）in Pearl Harbor 地点状语, 电影《珍珠港》中

4)another series of landmark achievements for the company 这对于该公司来说，是又一系列标志性成就。

同位语，具体来解释说明前面的World War Ⅱbattle sequences（二战战役的片段）：

another series 又一系列

然后是of引导的从属关系，属于什么的又一系列呢？of landmark achievements 标志性的成就

for the company. 对于这家公司（也就是“工业光魔”）来说。

3. 翻译

2001年，工业光魔史无前例地通过电影《珍珠港》里的片段，把这段史诗级二战战役的历史搬上银幕，这对于该公司来说，是又一系列标志性成就。

4. 启发

简单句变长难句的轨迹：时间+主句+方式+同位语。

历届高考英语长难句100句精选

历届高考英语长难句100句精选(1) 1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. （NMET2003.C篇） 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. （NMET2003.E篇） 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，然而几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎；overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. （NMET2003.E篇） 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. （NMET2003.E篇） 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. （NMET2003.D篇）

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型

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