英语中考复习专题一 音标

SYT 1.音标 English Phonics

适用学科初中英语适用年级初中三年级

适用区域江苏课时时长（分钟）120

知识点掌握48个音标

分别掌握元音和辅音，及其发音的字母组合

学习目标掌握元音和辅音的发音

学习重点掌握48个音标的书写和正确发音

学习难点20个元音字母常见的发音及字母组合

学习过程

一、复习预习

音标：是记录音素的标写符号。一个音素只用一个音标表示，而一个音标并不只表示一个音素，双元音就是由2个音素组成的。

元音：在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音叫做元音，又叫母音。按音节分，可分为单元音和双元音。

辅音：发音时气流受到发音器官的各种阻碍，声带不一定振动，不够清晰响亮的音素叫辅音，又叫子音。

英语音标有48个，元音20个，辅音28个，分类如下;

元音12单元音

长元音[i:] [] [] [u:] [a:]

短元音[i] [] [] [u] [?][e] [] 8双元音[ai][ei] [i] [i] [] [] [u] [au]

辅音

10清辅音[p][t] [k] [f] [s] [] [∫][] [tr] [ts] 10浊辅音[b][d] [g] [v] [z] [] [][] [dr] [dz] 3个鼻音[m] [n] []

3个似拼音[h] [r] [l]

2个半元音[w] [j]

语音学上指擦音半元音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之间的音

二、知识讲解

[i:] 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音,此音是长元音，一定注意把音发足。

字母组合:ee ea e ie ei y

单词举例：thr ee tr ee gr ee n sh ee p m ee t b ee f s ee

ea t t ea m ea t l ea ve l ea d t ea cher sp ea k cl ea n pl ea se

h e sh e m e

p ie ce rec ei ve c ei ling

[i]舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，发短促之“一”音, 发此音要短促而轻快。

发音字母: i y e ui u a

单词举例：s i t p i g b i g i t i s l i ttle s i x

man y happ y d i ctionar y

d e fect d e cide del i cious

[e] 舌近硬鄂，舌尖顶下齿，牙床半开半合，作微笑状。

字母组合: ea e a

单词举例：h ea d br ea d b e d r e d e lephant

rem e mber s e ll l e sson b e tter d e sk hot e l y e s

[?]双唇扁平，舌前微升，舌尖抵住下龈，牙床开，软鄂升起，唇自然开放,是字母a在闭音节或重读闭音节中的发音。

发音字母: a

单词举例：b a g h a nd h a ppy h a t m a p m a d b a d

bl a ck b a ck gl a d m a n

[?:] 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。

字母组合: ir ur ear er or

单词举例：g ir l sh ir t sk ir t th ir ty th ir d b ir d

t ur n n ur se t ur tle Th ur sday

l ear n ear th t er m h er w or k w or ld

[?]舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之短音。

字母组合er or ar o a

单词举例：teach er rememb er play er speak er

doct or act or auth or famili ar coll ar doll ar

t o gether t o morrow t o day less o n a round a ccount

a go eleph a nt

b a nan a

[ɑ:] 双唇张而不圆，牙床大开，舌后微升，舌尖向后升缩微离下齿，发阿之长音。

字母组合: ar a

单词举例：c ar f ar m c ar d ar m f a st cl a ss gl a ss pl a nt

[ ? ]双唇平放，牙床半开，舌尖抵住下龈，舌后微微升起，发短促之“阿”音

发音字母: u o ou oo

单词举例：u p l u nch f u n g u n n u t c u p b u s

c o me m o ther dose l o ve ab o ve

tr ou ble bl oo d fl oo d

[?]双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“奥”音。

发音字母: o a

单词举例：o n h o t l o t f o x b o x d o g r o ck

w a nt w a sh w a tch

[?:] 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡为卷后。

字母组合: o al or au our ar oor

单词举例：sm al l w al l t al k t al l b al l w al k

sh or t m or e lord h or se f or f or ty sp or t

au thor au tumn c au ghtf our w ar m

[u]双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发短促之“屋”音。

字母组合: uoo ou

单词举例： p u t f u ll p u shl oo k g oo d

f oo t b oo k w oo d sh ou ld c ou ld

[u:]双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，自然而不用力，发“屋”之长音。

字母组合: oo o u ue

单词举例：f oo d r oo m g oo se t oo th

sh o e d o tw o tr u e bl u e

[ai] 将口张开略圆，舌后升起，舌尖向后收缩，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“一”音。

发音字母 i y

单词举例：b i ke f i ne f i nd n i ne l i ght n i ght

m y tr y fl y e y e

[ei]舌类顶下齿，牙床半开半合，双唇扁平，由发“哀”平稳过渡到发“一”之长音。

发音字母 a ay ea ai ey

单词举例：n a me c a ke l a te pl a ne A pril

pl ay s ay m ay w ay gr ea t br ea k

r ai n p ai nt pl ai nth ey gr ey

[au]将口张开略圆，渐渐合拢，双唇成圆形，由发“阿”音平稳过渡到发“屋”音。

字母组合：ou ow

单词举例：h ou se ou t gr ou nd s ou nd l ou d a rou nd m ou se

fl ow er d ow n n ow c ow h ow

[??] 口半开半合，舌后微升，过渡成双唇成圆形，发“欧”之长音。

发音字母: o ow oa oe

单词举例: h o me c o ld g o n o kn ow l ow

bel ow gr ow sh ow b oa t c oa t g oa l

[i?]双唇张开牙床由窄至半开舌抵下齿逐渐过渡至上卷，从“一”音过渡到“厄”音。

字母组合：eer ear ere ea

单词举例：b eer d eerear near id ea

[e?]双唇张开后略圆，牙床张开相当宽，舌尖卷上渐至卷后。

字母组合: ear air ere are

单词举例：p ear b ear ch airair f air th ere wh ere c are

[u?]双唇成圆形，牙床近于半合，舌尖不触下齿，发“屋”之长音，然后从“屋”音过渡到“厄”音。

字母组合: ure oor eer

单词举例：sure

[?i]双唇外突成圆形，发“奥”音逐渐过渡为双唇扁平分开，发“一”之短音。

字母组合: oy oi

单词举例: b oy t oy oi l s oi l v o ice ch oi ce

辅音：

[p] [b] 双唇紧闭并使气流突破双唇外泻（浊辅音[b] 振动声带）

p：p en p et p a p er p lant

b ：b oy b all b ed b ag

[t] [d] 双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音。

双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，然后突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，并振动声带。

t：t ime t able s t ay t oy

d：d og d o d ay d octor

[k][g]用舌根抵住后颚，再突然张开，使空气外冲而成音

k c ck ：k ite k ing k itchen c an c ar c akeTri ck lo ck

g：g et g o g irl g ood

[s][z]双唇微开，上下齿接近于合拢状态，舌尖抵住下龈，气流从牙缝送出。

s c ：s ix s ing s now c inema c ity

[f][v]上齿轻触下唇，用力将气息由唇齿之缝隙间吹出。

f ph gh：f oot f eet f o

g p

h one ph oto ele ph ant

v：v an v oice se v en ele v en

[∫] [З]双唇微开，向前突出，舌尖升近上龈，用力将气息送出来，发“师”音。

sh：sh ip sh oe sh op sh ort

[θ] [e]舌尖轻抵上齿，送出气流，并使舌齿互相摩擦。

th ：th in th ank th ree

th：th is th at th ese th ose

[t∫][dЗ]双唇微开，先用舌尖抵上齿龈，突然张开，使气流外冲而成音，发“吃”音。

ch：ch air ch icken ch inese

[ts][dz]舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接

着就发“s”这摩擦音。

ts：an ts stree ts studen ts

[tr] [dr]舌尖抵住上齿，作好发“t”的姿势，气流冲破阻碍，发出短促的“t”音后，紧接着就发“r”这摩擦音。

tr：tr ee tr uck tr y

[w]双唇突出，呈尖圆形，舌后升向软颚，气息流过，振动声带。

w wh：w ord w inter w indow w h at wh ere wh en

[j]双唇微开，舌抵下齿贴近硬颚，气流摩擦而出。

Y :y ear y ellow y ou y es

[h] 口半闭，气息由声门出来，但是不振动声带。

H : home humour h ot h e h at h as

[l] 双唇微开，舌抵上龈，气流侧出，振动声带。(清晰，一般在音节开头)

-唇形稍圆，舌身略凹，舌尖上卷，振动声带。（含糊，一般在音节末尾）L :l ook l ong l eft l ight l et

[r]双唇略突出，舌尖向上卷，声带振动。

R:r ed r ead r ain r un

[m]双唇闭拢，舌放平，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

M :m any m eat m other m usic

[n] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住上龈，振动声带，使气流从鼻腔出来。

N :n o n ot n oodle n ew n ow

[?] 双唇微闭，舌尖抵住下龈，振动声带，使气息由鼻孔流出来。

Ng: lo ng si ng

三、例题精析

从下列四个选项中选出所给单词的正确读音。

( ) 1.set A、[set] B、[sit] C、[s?t] D、[s?t] ( ) 2.court A、[kut] B、[k?ut] C、[k?:t] D、[sit]

( ) 3.better A、[?betз:] B、[?b?t?] C、[be?ta:] D、[?bet?] ( ) 4.duck A、[dΛk] B、[d?k]C、[duk] D、[du:k] ( ) 5.tank A、[s??k] B、[ti?k] C、[te?k] D、[t??k ] ( ) 6.mouse A、[maus] B、[m?us] C、[mus] D、[mΛs] ( ) 7.cry A、[srai] B、[krai] C、[kri] D、[krei] ( )8.where A、[wi?] B[wi:] C、[he?]D、[we?]

四、课堂运用

从下面四个音素中选出你听到的音素。

1、（）A、[i:] B、[i] C、[?] D、[ei]

2、（）A、[Λ] B、[?]C、[a:] D、[ai]

3、（）A、[ei] B、[ai] C、[?i] D、[i?]

4、（）A、[u] B、[u:] C、[?] D、[?:]

5、（）A、[i?] B、[u?] C、[e?] D、[?u]

6、（）A、[t∫] B、[∫] C、[s] D、[z]

7、（）A、[m] B、[?] C、[n] D、[l]

8、（）A、[l] B、[r] C、[j] D、[n]

9、（）A、[u] B、[w] C、[j] D、[v]

10、（）A、[s] B、[z] C、[ts] D、[dz]

从下面四个选项中选出你听到的单词音标。

1.( )A、[ten] B、[tem] C、[t?n] D、[t?m]

2.( )A、[si?] B、[θi?] C、[∫i?] D、[zi?]

3.( )A、[mi:] B、[wi:] C、[ni:] D、[ti:]

4.( )A、[t∫ip] B、[kip] C、[θi:p] D、[ni:p]

5.( )A、[bif] B、[bif] C、[dif] D、[pif]

6.( )A、[b?iz] B、[v?is] C、[p?in] D、[t?iz]

7.( )A、[lait] B、[nait] C、[leit] D、[neit]

8.( )A、[∫i?] B、[t∫i?] C、[pin] D、[bin]

9.( )A、[ek] B、[?dz]C、[eidЗ] D、[aiz]

10.( )A、[lait] B、[rait] C、[laiv] D、[raiv]

六、课后作业-把下列的音标分类。

[i:] [d] [dz] [e] [s] [g] [u:] [m] [ai] [w] [?] [v][?:] [?] [ei] [z] [i] [t∫] [b] [a:] [?:]

[f] [au] [θ] [u] [l] [Λ] [j] [З] [e?] [tr]

[h] [i?] [dЗ] [t] [?] [ts] [u?] [p] [e][n] [∫]

[?][k] [?i] [r] [?u] [dr]

元音：

辅音：

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