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Reply to Comment on Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state o

Reply to Comment on Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state o
Reply to Comment on Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state o

Reply to Comment on: ”Spontaneous breaking of time-reversal symmetry in the pseudogap state of a high-T c superconductor”

A. Kaminski *?, S. Rosenkranz *?, H. M. Fretwell ?, J. C. Campuzano *?, Z.Z. Li §,

H. Raffy §, W. G. Cullen ?, H. You ?, C. G. Olson ||, C. M. Varma ?, and H. H?chst #

*Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA

?Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,USA

?Department of Physics, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK

§Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud,91405 Orsay, France

||Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA

?Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, New Jersey, 07974, USA

#Synchrotron Radiation Center, Stoughton, Wisconsin 53589, USA

In a recent comment [1], Armitage and Hu have suggested that our experiment observing dichroism in angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) [2] could not be conclusively interpreted as arising from time reversal symmetry breaking, arguing that our observations are likely due to structural effects. The concerns expressed by Armitage and Hu that our results could be due to a change in the mirror plane are as important as they are obvious. In fact the first part of their comment merely restates the results of Simon and Varma [3] about the relationship and contrast of effects due to time reversal symmetry breaking and those caused by crystallographic changes. In any test of time reversal symmetry one must ensure that parity alone is not inducing the observed changes. We have indeed considered this issue very carefully in the course of our study [2] and it is precisely the lack of temperature dependent structural changes significant enough to explain the magnitude of the observed dichroism that forced us to conclude that time reversal symmetry breaking is the only plausible explanation.

The effect of the superstructure modulation (SSM) on the ARPES signal was studied in detail and is well understood [4]. The SSM -- a buckling of the BiO layer -- acts as a diffraction grating on the photoelectrons, producing “ghost” images of the Fermi surface.

There are two issues to consider here: (a) magnitude of the dichroism signal as compared to magnitude of “contamination” signal arising from “ghost” images due to SSM, (b) the temperature dependence of both effects. (a) Along the (π,-π)=>(π,π) direction, the first “ghost” image of the Fermi surface extends from (π, -0.39) to (π, -0.03) and the second from (π,0.03) to (π, 0.39), as shown in Fig. 1. Therefore, (π,0), which was the main focus of our investigation, being outside of that range, is not significantly contaminated by the signal from the superstructure modulation. Furthermore the sign of the dichroism in the immediate surroundings of (π,0) is opposite for the two ghost images due to the anti-symmetry of the geometric effect about the (0,0)=>(π,π) axis. Any changes in the dichroism due to the SSM are therefore very small, as the contributions from the two SSM images cancel each other. It is then easy to understand that a very large change of several times the SSM intensity would be required to account for the observed dichroism of 3%. In addition, the plots of the dichroism signal D in Ref. [2] are straight lines. It can be seen from Fig. 1, that if the SSM contribution were to be large, D would significantly deviate from linearity near k=+-0.05. (b) There is no temperature dependence to the SSM contribution, as we show in Fig. 2, where we plot n(k) over an extended cut along the diagonal direction of the Brillouin zone. The only observed change in n(k) with temperature is the expected broadening.

Another possible structural effect suggested by Armitage et al [1], and discussed in Ref. [2], could be a rotation of the mirror plane due to a change in the orthorhombicity of the lattice. A rotation necessary to account for the magnitude of the dichroism seen in our experiments would be close to 2°. This of course would be easily observable even in a rudimentary Laue diffraction pattern. However, the work of Miles et al. [5] cited by Armitage and Hu measures the total change in the b-axis lattice parameter between 50K and 300K to be 0.011 ?. Even assuming a non-expanding a-axis, this would correspond to a rotation of the crystal symmetry axis of 0.05°, or two orders of magnitude smaller than what is neeccesary to account for the dichroism effect observed in our experiment. Our own x-ray diffraction measurements (shown in Fig. 3) performed on the same samples as used in the dichroism experiments are in good agreement with the data by Miles et al. [5] Furthermore, we examined eight diffraction peaks, all equivalent (1,0,5) peaks in the pseudotetragonal notation,i.e. (1,0,5), (-1,0,5), (0,1,5), (0,-1,5) and all four (1,1,10)'s, below and above T*, yielding consistent results.

Any structural effects can be detected through the change in symmetry in ordinary, linearly polarized ARPES. This has the additional advantage that the “dichroic” and the “ordinary”ARPES are both surface sensitive experiments. The fact that the mirror plane does not rotate to any significant degree is indeed seen in the ARPES measurement of the dispersion (using linearly polarized photons), which retains its even symmetry to a high degree of precision, as shown in Fig. 4.

[1] N. P. Armitage and J. Hu, cond-mat/0303186 (2003).

[2] A. Kaminski et al., Nature 416, 610-613 (2002).

[3] M. E. Simon and C. M. Varma, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 247003-1-247003-4 (2002)

[4] M. R. Norman et al., Phys. Rev. B 52, 615–622 (1995).

[5] P. A. Miles et al., Phys. Rev. B 55, 14632-14637 (1997).

Figure captions.

Fig. 1 Schematic band structure and SSM diffraction images along the (π,-π)-(π,π) direction (marked as thick black line on the inset) adopted from Ref. [5].

Fig. 2 ARPES data along the diagonal direction for T=50K and T=200K for an underdoped sample and integrated intensity (-600 meV, +100 meV) showing no significant

changes of the SSM signal as function of temperature

Fig. 3 Upper limit on the rotation of the mirror plane derived from x-ray scattering on the same underdoped sample as used in Ref. [2].

Fig. 4 Band dispersion along the line marked in the inset obtained from MDC fits to ARPES data for underdoped sample in the pseudogap state showing high degree of symmetry.

-50x10

E n e r g y [e V ]-0.4-0.20.0

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I n t e g r a t e d i n t e n s i t y (-600m e V ,+100 m e V )<-(-π,π) (0,0) (π,π) ->

T=200K T=50K

Fig. 2

-0.3-0.2-0.10.00.1

0.20.3ky [?-1]

-0.4

-0.3

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当耳边传来:“你直升上二中了”的声音,喜悦的泪水,早已如山洪暴发般喷涌而出。模糊了的双眼前,又浮现出这三年来的点点滴滴。我也终于理解了父亲的良苦用心…… 夏末的燥热,扰乱了我的心思,无心学习,那就看书吧。我端起一本《意林》,倚在床头,细心地品读起来。“来到了初三,学习和班级里的工作全面压上,我人累,心更累,是时候放松一下自己了”我心想。 可就像童话故事一样,每当主角想过上平静安宁的生活时,总会有不识时机的大反派出来捣乱。而这次的反派,是我父亲……他大步流星地走上前来,一把将书从我手中夺了过去,重重地砸到了地上。他紧咬嘴唇,双目瞪得溜儿圆,用那因愤怒而颤抖不已的手指着我,歇斯底里地咆哮道:“都什么时候了,你还在这里看闲书!回你房间学习去!”我被这暴风骤雨般地话语镇住了,可心中愤怒的火焰已熊熊烧起,“我认真听讲、仔细完成作业、对待班级和学校的工作一丝不苟,现在只是累了,却连休息的时间都不容有吗!”我拍床而起,双目紧盯父亲的眼睛,一字一顿地叫喊:“不,我就不去学习!” 暴风雨的前夕总是宁静的,房间里一片死寂,可能父亲也没想到我的抵抗会如此强烈,但随即他就做出了响亮的回应,“啪”的一声,我被重重地扇了一巴掌,脸上顿时泛起一片火辣辣的红。我沉默了,转身冲回了房间,把自己反锁在里面,任凭委屈的泪水在脸上留下深深的泪痕…… 或许我曾十分地不理解,为何对我如此严厉。可是等到我经历了直升的洗礼,那准备材料时的彻夜不休,那面试时的艰难困苦,以及那等待结果时的无尽煎熬,都在我心底烙下了深深的刻印。我也终于理解了拿破仑的那句“最困难的时候就是最接近成功的时刻”。 父爱如山,沉稳而又庄重;母爱如水,潺潺流入你的心田。或许你从未说出口,但我终究会明白你的良苦用心。 现在的我自信,开朗,大方,然而5年前的我根本与这些词“绝缘”。只因一次升国旗仪式的主持,我改变了…… 在小学的时候,我品学兼优,唯一有一点就是害怕与人交流,说话声音简直比蚊子还小。对于在大家面前发言,那简直是一个字“愁”啊。老师看在眼里,急在心里。终于有一天放学时,班主

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我终于明白了你的良苦用心_600字

我终于明白了你的良苦用心_600字 我终于明白了你的良苦用心 小时候,总认为母亲对自己的爱不够多。别的父母都是送给孩子洋娃娃、零花钱之类的东西,而我的母亲总是给我一个麻木的“不”字 五岁时 每天路过面包店,母亲总问我爱吃什么,我每次都指着那个标价5元的大蛋糕,可谁知道每次我都战战兢兢地,生怕母亲看到价格牌,只见母亲眼一瞪说:“不,太贵了!” 最后只要了一元的面包或等价的蛋糕。我,只好哭着离开。 七岁时 我最讨厌星期五,因为母亲不会接我回家,每次我都是沿着长长的路沉闷的走回家。每到星期一母亲送我上学时,我总是苦苦地问:“妈妈。你能不能来接我呀,其他同学的爸爸妈妈都来接孩子。”母亲坚定地说:“不,你自己走回去!”没办法,每到周五,我只好沮丧地自己走回家。看到同学坐在父母车后面有说有笑,当时恨极了那漫长的路,恨极了自己是做生意的女儿。 十岁时 朋友过生日,同学们纷纷送来了精美的礼品,作为好朋友的我,当然要送份大礼啦!于是我开口向母亲要五十元

钱,母亲问清缘由对我说:“同学之间的友谊,不是用金钱来衡量的。你适当的送个小礼物,我相信你朋友会喜欢的。”没办法,我只好用力关紧了房门。 “不,不,不------”就这样,我听了十四年的不,直到奶奶生病住院,我才真正理解了那一元早餐的意义,那几万元的医疗费,不都是父母辛苦积攒下来的吗? 现在我已经进入了初中生活,我仍然沿着那长长的路走回家。看到同学因奔波而忧愁的脸,此时,我心里有一丝丝欣慰,不是幸灾乐祸,而是真正理解并明白了母亲的良苦用心。母亲,因为你的放手才有了我今天的独立! 终于明白了母亲对自己的爱,那么深,那么浓,那么重!

终于明白了作文800字

终于明白了作文800字 不知不觉无数个年头,终于明白了你的良苦用心。下面是给大家带来的终于明白了作文800字,欢迎大家阅读参考,我们一起来看看吧! 终于明白了作文800字1 爷爷家有一棵橘子树,年龄比我还大,一到秋天,便会硕果累累。 等我感受到冷风,爷爷就会带着一筐新鲜的橘子敲响家门:“爷爷送橘子来了!”打开门便是爷爷亲切的笑脸。起初几年我还快乐于爷爷的到来,但后来便开始厌烦起来:橘子不再都是甜甜的,偶尔还有万橘丛中一点绿,实在是不让人赏心悦目,只是爷爷的笑脸依旧,让人难以拒绝。我开始不再吃那筐橘子,只是放在角落里,慢慢变干。 今年秋天,我随父母一起来到爷爷家,爷爷笑开了花,连忙招呼,并往我口袋里塞一两颗糖。奶奶还在工作,而爷爷得了病,开了刀,只能待在家里,所以没能送橘子了。 爷爷搬起长凳,拍拍我的头:“爷爷去摘橘子给咱孙女吃!”一会儿,爷爷便站在长凳上,靠着树摘橘子,放在筐中。筐还是那个筐,只是有了斑斑痕迹,有些老旧了。而橘子树下爷爷的身

影竟也变得瘦小了许多,有了银色的发丝,动作也变得不利索了。只见在树叶间,他竟几次抓空眼前的橘子。良久,筐里只有几个青色的小橘子。哦!树老了,爷爷也老了! 爷爷 吃力地下来,拎着半筐橘子,慢悠悠走过来,在筐里翻了好久,拿出一个相对成熟的橘子,用布满老茧的大手剥开,递给了我。“爷爷眼神不好了,都摘不到甜橘子了!”爷爷苦笑着,一双老眼中泛着浑浊的泪,“爷爷老了,我的好孙女也要长大了。”边说着眼神也变得暗淡了。我看着他失落的模样,鼻子不禁一酸,我明白了!为什么这两年爷爷送橘子的时间越来越少,为什么橘子不再甜美,爷爷的笑容也有些疲惫。看着手中冰冷的小橘子,我剥下一瓣放入爷爷的嘴中,又一瓣投入自己口中,一阵香甜溢满口腔。我不争气地流下眼泪,又擦擦爷爷的眼泪:“爷爷摘的橘子最好吃了。”爷爷笑了,露出不怎么白的牙:“我的好孙女……”我终于明白了,那橘子的香甜,是因为爷爷把所有爱都包进了其中! 爷爷身体越来越差,经常走不稳路,但他的笑容还是那么亲切。爷爷,什么时候,还能听见你说:“爷爷送橘子来了!”打开门,还能看见你像往日一样平淡亲切的笑容啊? 终于,我明白了,那橘子一直是那么甜美,爷爷,我还想再吃你送的橘子!

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的学习,并把自己注意力集中到有意义的事情,比如,做环保志愿者,积极参加各种竞赛并获得各种奖励。 我做的很多重要的决定是深深的受我其中一位大学老师**先生/女士的影响。在他的指导下,我不仅学到了理论知识,也有很多实践机会。经过深思熟虑,我决定选择这所学校的这个领域。最后,英语对我很重要,我希望我能顺利通过今天的测试。这是我所要自我介绍的,谢谢您。 1.Good morning/Good afternoon. It is a great honor for me to have this opportunity to take this interview. I wish I could give out my best and have a wonderful performance. And I firmly believe I can do it well. Now I would like to introduce myself briefly. My name is ** I am** years old, I graduated from **University ,my major is **. My hometown is a beautiful historical and cultural city, **, which is famous for its famous scenic spots and celebrity, such as **. As Hanyu, an prominent thinker in T ang Dynasty said, the greatness is achieved through diligence and retarded by laziness, the deed is accomplished through thinking and destroyed by idleness. I am a person who has both outgoing and introverted sides, I like playing sports, reading book and thinking. My father is a civil servant , and my mother is a university teacher, I am the only child of my parents, but I am not a spoiled child. On the contrary, parents hope I can accept advanced education and become a

我终于明白了你的良苦用心

【例文赏读】我终于明白了你的良苦用心 路上的风幽幽荡荡,飘飘摇摇,拂过混杂着泪水和雨水的脸,那么猛烈,却也吹不醒那凋零的心。暗黑的夜为那肆虐无情的冷雨更添土气,仿佛要将人间的无情挥洒的淋漓尽致。(环境烘托人物心情。) 我想,我一辈子也不会原谅你了……(短短数语,写出我和“爸爸”的隔阂之深。) 幼时的那次惩罚,就因为不愿上学而被罚在门口站了一晚上,我感到了你的无情、你的冷漠,也击碎了我的爱、我的心。几年来,我们一直保持着距离,刻意的、无意的,我都始终和你隔着一道无形的防线。 可是,我错了,我发现我没有办法恨你那么久,看着你的背影,我想恨,但我做不到。 你还记得吗?那天夜里我被抱进屋的时候,浑身已经湿透了,像只落汤鸡似的,狼狈极了。无情的大雨早已将我的理智冲毁,昏昏沉沉的,我只喊了一句:“我恨你。” 可你,拿毛巾,递热水,找毯子,忙前忙后。看不清你的脸,但我猜你一定很着急。我心里笑了,早知如此,何必当初,不会再原谅你了。(叛逆心理:写我对爸爸的深刻的恨,这种叛逆心理非常符合考生的年龄特征。) 从那以后,我从来没有逃避过上学。我小小的得意:我看你怎么罚我,我让你抓不着!你说喝咖啡对身体不好,我偏喝,加盐,加醋,各种古怪的口味我都喝;你说长头发的人漂亮,我偏偏就去剪短发,越短越开心;你说女孩不应该在路上骑车,我偏骑,哪儿危险我去哪儿。我的目的只有一个,表达我对你的恨。可是,每次我做这些怪事时,每次看你无奈的表情时,我的心会痛,会别扭的难受,所以我都改了。喔,原来我没有那么恨你啊!(逐层递进:写我的得寸进尺,更加写出爸爸对我的那种深沉的爱。) 一次偶然的机会,从她那听说那次惩罚我,你特别难过,十分后悔。那天夜里你一夜未眠,精心照顾发烧的我,你哭了。其实,你是为我好……(侧面描写:通过妈妈之口写爸爸对我的关爱,对自己行动的后悔,手法巧妙。) 仔细回想起来,为我买牛奶的人,为我打扫的人,送我上学的人,给我零用钱的人,是你啊!生我,养我,给我生命的人是你啊!疼我,爱我,教育我的人是你啊!爸爸,真的是你啊!猛然发现,原来我早就不恨你了,根本就没有恨过你啊!(侧面描写:情节结构巧妙,恍然大悟。) 泪水不争气的又落下来了,我终于明白了你的良苦用心,希望不晚,爸爸,我爱您! 【学生习作】

英语口语模板(完整版)

英语口语万能模板 一、图表作文 As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,____ has been on rise/ decrease,significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart,it goes without saying that _____. There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand,____.In the other hand,_____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition,______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned,I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded. 二、书信作文模板 Your address Month,Date,year Receiver's address Dear …, I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____. …… I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience. Best regards for your health and success.

我终于明白了作文

我终于明白了作文 在初中一年级时,我的老师对我很好,常拍着我的脑瓜夸我聪明,还说我将来一定能考上北大清华。这些表扬极大地培养了我的学习兴趣,我的学习在班中已到中上等水平。 但到了初中二年级换了老师,老师只注意那些特等生。对我这样的中等生不冷不热的,又加上贪玩、懒惰这些不良因素的影响,使我上期期末考试成绩很差,爸爸妈妈也批评我懒,不努力,害的我一个春节都小心翼翼的。新学期开学后,老师又把我调到了后排,我心中很痛恨她的这种做法,暗暗发誓一定要刻苦学习,考上中国最好的师范大学,将来做一名所有学生都喜爱的教师,使和我一样的“受害者”能够不要像现在的我一样“饱受折磨”。 从此,我不再整天玩耍,超额完成作业,我甚至为了一个难题苦思冥想很长时间,直至做出正确答案。为了改变以前的自己,树立自己良好的新形象,我在家中做些力所能及的家务活,在班里帮助比我差的同学,帮助生活有困难的同学,热心公益事业。在学习上我就更不放松了,我向班中的尖子生学习,我比他们睡的更晚,起的更早,以追回以前浪费的时间,以便我能在较短的时间内获得较大的进步。 功夫不负有心人,开学来的第一次月考到了,我终于取得了好成绩,数学和英语都是满分,全班第一名!当老师念分时,许多同学惊讶的张大了嘴巴,当老师夸奖我的时候,我觉得老师的笑脸是那么真诚。

当老师在班会上对月考进行总结,提到我的名字热烈的掌声响起时,我终于明白了:学习上的进步,只能靠自己的努力了,一分汗水,一分收获,一个好老师是重要的,但更重要的是自己去努力奋斗。 在初中一年级时,我的老师对我很好,常拍着我的脑瓜夸我聪明,还说我将来一定能考上北大清华。这些表扬极大地培养了我的学习兴趣,我的学习在班中已到中上等水平。 但到了初中二年级换了老师,老师只注意那些特等生(有几个是很有钱的)。对我这样的中等生不冷不热的,又加上贪玩、懒惰这些不良因素的影响,使我上期期末考试成绩很差,爸爸妈妈也批评我懒,不努力,害的我一个春节都小心翼翼的。新学期开学后,老师又把我调到了后排,我心中很痛恨她的这种做法,暗暗发誓一定要刻苦学习,考上中国最好的师范大学,将来做一名所有学生都喜爱的教师,使和我一样的“受害者”能够不要像现在的我一样“饱受折磨”。 从此,我不再整天玩耍,超额完成作业,我甚至为了一个难题苦思冥想很长时间,(赌气不去问老师)直至做出正确答案。为了改变以前的自己,树立自己良好的新形象,我在家中做些力所能及的家务活,在班里帮助比我差的同学,帮助生活有困难的同学,热心公益事业。在学习上我就更不放松了,我向班中的尖子生学习,我比他们睡的更晚,起的更早,以追回以前浪费的时间,以便我能在较短的时间内获得较大的进步。 功夫不负有心人,开学来的第一次月考到了,我终于取得了好成绩,数学和英语都是满分,全班第一名!当老师念分时,许多同学惊

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