2021最新考研英语(一)真题与答案(17.16.15三年真题)
2021最新考研英语(一)真题与答案(17.16.15三年真题)
2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（英语一）【试题+答案】
Section I Use of English Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank
and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding
\close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of
health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might
even help you 4 getting sick this winter.
In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie
Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social
support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to
developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived
greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the
researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent
of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt
greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .
\protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's
usually 14 with stress,\and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help
16 difficulty.\
Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging
to the release of oxytocin, often called \it promotes attachment in
relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies.
Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some
of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where
it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.
1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 【答案】[B] Besides
2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal
[D] inferior 【答案】[A] connected
3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 【答案】[D] host
4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 【答案】[C] avoid
5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting
【答案】[B] involving
6．[A] of [B] in [C] at
[D] on 【答案】[D] on
7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost
[D] attracted 【答案】[B] exposed
8．[A] across [B] along [C] down
[D] out 【答案】[C] down
9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted
[D] imagined 【答案】[A] calculated
10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored
[D] explained 【答案】[D] explained
11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather
[D] Thus 【答案】[A] Even
12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests
[D] errors 【答案】[B] symptoms
13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled
[D] increased 【答案】[D] increased
14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented
[D] compared 【答案】[B] associated
15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate
[D] record 【答案】[C] generate
16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of
[D] in the name of 【答案】[A] in the face of
17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute
[D] return 【答案】[C] attribute
18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D]
until 【答案】[A] because
19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases 【答案】[C] remains
20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences 【答案】[D]influences
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1
First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.
Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which
terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too
little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.
Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.
Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines
strongly dispute this.
There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who
pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.
It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.
21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.
【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.
【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.
23.The word \ [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper.
【答案】[A] faster.
24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.
【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.
25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A]
Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes
【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2
\in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not
well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over
construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.
At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands
to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most
powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes
to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.
Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what
was once a sovereign nation.
Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.
Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today
to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.
The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of
their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no
reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C]
the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. [D] her appreciation
of star watchers' feats in her time.
【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] its
geographical features [B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure.
【答案】[A] its geographical features
28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly
because [A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life. [B] it reminds
them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of
revival. [D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.
【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.
29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's
astronomy [A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. [B] helps
spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of
Hawaiian culture. [D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.
【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.
30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site
is one of [A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance. [C] slight
hesitancy. [D] full approval.
【答案】[D] full approval. Text 3
Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures \life
worthwhile.\result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring
to.
The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over
half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things
that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the
UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment
and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17
million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to
their country's economic prospects?
A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth
into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather
than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.
While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2021 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health
and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality
and the environment.
This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .
So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.
The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could
lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .
31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he [A]praised the UK for its GDP.
[B]identified GDP with happiness .
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