并列句(精讲精练)

并列句的分类：

何谓并列结构

一个英语句子有时候具有两个或两个以上相互连接而又属于同一层次即具有相同句法功能的语言结构，这种结构称为并列结构。并列结构通常用并列连词来连接两个或两个以上平行的词、词组或分词：Are we to have the speech contest today or tomorrow?(并列连词or连接两个平行的单词)

You can go to Beijing either by train or by plane. (并列连词either…or连接两个平行的词组)

Hurry up, or we shall be late for the lecture. (or连接两句分句)

1. 表示联合关系的并列句

连词有and(同，和), not only…but (also)…(不仅……而且……), neither…nor…（既不……也不……），when(=and just at this time就在这时)，as well as（和，以及）等。如：

and

1)常译为“和”、“并且”，也可不译出来。例如：

He likes playing football and he plays well.

Last year l met Kate and we became friends.

I heard a crash and went out to see what had happened.

2）and连接祈使句和陈述句以表示条件，即祈使句+ and

Press the button and the machine runs by itself.

Make another effort and you will succeed.

when

when(=and just at this time就在这时），主要用于

be doing…when… 正在做某事，这时发生了另一事

I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.

He was having a bad dream when a shout woke him up.

be about to do…when…正要做某事，这时发生了另一事

we were about to start when it began to rain.

He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

have/had done …….when ….刚做完某事，这时发生了另一事”。

We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.

She had just finished dressing when her guests arrived.

both---and

both…and…只能连接两个属同一层次，即语法结构相同的并列成分：

Both Martha and her sister paid a visit to China not long ago. (连接两个并列的主语)

I teach myself both physics and mathematics. (连接两个并列的宾语)

Kenneth is both clever and diligent. (连接两个并列的用作表语的形容词)

Judith is a versatile girl. She can both sing and dance. (连接两个并列的动词)

neither…nor… 既不---也不---

Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词)

The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词)

I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语)

The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词)

Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语)

I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句)

注意：

(1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装：

I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so.

Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother.

(2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致：

Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与I靠近，故用am。)

Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。)

not only…but also…，“不但…而且…”：

(1)后面须接平行结构：

Hangzhou is famous not only for its beautiful scenery but also for its longjing tea. (连接两个介词短语) He is not only an architect but also a painter. (连接两个表语)

She speaks not only English but also French. (连接两个宾语)

Father not only said it but also did it. (连接两个谓语动词)

Not only they but also we are invited. (连接两个作主语的代词)

Students should develop not only intellectually, but also morally and physically. (连接副词)

(2)not only…but also…句中谓语动词的数应与but also后面的主语取得一致。试比较：

Not only you but also he is invited.

Not only he but also I am invited.

(3) not only置于句首时，主谓须倒装，但but also后面如连接从句的话，其主谓则不能倒装：not only was the girl complain to stay home, but she was not allowed to see all her friends.

not only did he complain about the food, but he also refused to pay for it.

as well as

The girl is lively as well as healthy.（连接两个表语）

He can speak Spanish as well as English.(连接两个宾语)

In China, as well as in Canada, the weather changes from season to season. (连接两个状语)

The teacher as well as the students enjoys listening to English songs.（连接两个主语）

His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.

As well as eating seven-course meals, they drank three bottles of wine.

2. 表示选择关系的并列句

常用的连词有or(或者，否则), either...or(不是……就是)。如：

or

1)译为“或者”，表示选择。例如：

Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema．现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。

2)译为“否则”、“要不然”，表示条件。例如：

You must tell the truth，or you will be punished．

Hurry up, or we'll be late for the meeting.

either...or

“要么…要么…”、“不是…就是…”：

Either come in or go out. 要么进来，要么出去。

I want to visit either Paris or London. 我想去巴黎或伦敦游览一下。

Either he did not speak distinctly or I did not hear well. 不是他没讲清楚，就是我没听明白。【注】若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：

You can either have tea or coffee. 你喝茶也行，喝咖啡也行。

Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错，就是我错。

3.表示转折关系的并列句

常用并列连词but(但是)，not---but--（不是---而是），while(而，然而)

not---but--

后面须接语法功能相同的平行结构：

The book is not mine, but hers. (连接两个物主代词)

I major not in law, but in American history. (连接两个介词短语)

What matters is not the quantity of friends you have made but the quality.

It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself.

It was not the bones of an animal but of a human being.

While

表示对比，可译成……而……。

I am fond of English while he likes math. 我喜欢英语而他却喜欢数学。

He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. 他想当作家，而我则想当科学家。

4. 表示因果关系的并列句

常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。

For

for前一般有逗号，for引出的并列分句补充说明理由或推断原因。如：

You'd better put on your coat, for it's cold outside. 你最好穿上大衣，(因为)外面很冷。

Alice went to bed early, for she didn't feel well. 爱丽斯觉得不舒服，所以早早睡了

连接副词then,besides,however,therefore,instead

因为它们是副词，所以不能用来直接衔接两个句子。因此这些副词前面的第一句句末应用句号或分号，而且后面接第二句之前，须先用逗号隔开

The item you requested is no longer available. Therefore, we are returning your check.

The item you requested is no longer available ;therefore, we are retuning your check.

The item you requested is no longer available and therefore we are retuning your check.

He is tired.Let me go instead.

Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. Instead , he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.

He didn't answer me. Instead, he asked me another question.

He was ill in hospital yesterday,and therefore he didn’t come to school.

并列连词连接两个名词作主语时，即：名词A---名词B,主谓之间的关系有三种情况：

1.就近原则：not only---but also, neither--nor--,either---or--, not--but--

2.就远原则：as well as, with,together with, along with,like,including,

3.复数原则：and，both--and

【专项训练】：

1. Stand over there______ you’ll be able to see it better.

A or

B while

C but

D and

2. Follow your doctor’s advice, _________ your cough（咳嗽）will get worse.

A．or B．and C．then D．so

3. Protect our earth, ______ it will be no longer fit for us to live on.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. or else

4. —English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?

—Yes. ________more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.

A. Know

B. Knowing

C. To know

D. Known

5. ______ straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.

A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going

6.--My shirt is torn.

--__________me a needle and thread（针线）, I'll mend it for you.

A. If you bring

B. If you had brought

C. Should you bring

D. Bring

7. Let' s keep to the point（紧扣主题）or we ______ any decisions.

A. will never reach

B. have never reached

C. never reach

D. never reached

8. When you’re learning a foreign language, use it, ______ you will lose it.

A. but

B. or

C. then

D. and

9. Help others whenever you can _____ you will make the world a nicer place to live in.

A. and

B. or

C. unless

D. but

10.______some of this juice—perhaps you'll like it.

A. Trying

B. Try

C. To try

D. Have tried

11. It’s really very dangerous. One more step,＿＿＿the baby will fall into the well.

A. or

B. so

C. but

D. and

12. ＿＿＿does he do his work well, ______ he helps others with their work.

A. Not only；but also

B. Neither；nor

C. Either；or

D. Both；and

III._____并列句常由并列连词but, yet, while等连接

13.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ____ they will save us money in the long run(从长远来看)

A. or B since C. for D. but

14. —I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays.

—Right, _____he still watches the program.

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. so

15. There are many kinds of sports, _____ my favorite is swimming.

A．as B．then C．so D．but

16. They wanted to charge $5,000 for the car, _____ we managed to bring the price down.

A. but

B. so

C. when

D. since

17. I hope you don’t mind me asking, _____ where did you buy those shoes?

A. so

B. and

C. yet

D. but

18. I don’t want to bring up the topic, ____ why on earth did you get home that late last night?

A. and

B. but

C. or

D. so

19. Excuse me for breaking in, _____I have some news for you. (NMET2002)

A. so

B. and

C. but

D. yet

20. My experiment seems to have been successful, _____ I am not satisfied.

A. yet

B. still

C. and

D. or

21. Jim is an American，_______ he can speak very good Chinese．

A．if B．so C．but D．because

22. She is American,＿＿＿she knows little about American history.

A. so

B. yet

C. and

D. therefore

23.The car is quite old; __________,there is nothing wrong with it.

A. but

B. yet

C. however

D. therefore

24. There is plenty of rain in the south ＿＿there is little in the north.

A. while

B. as

C. when

D. so

25.I do every single bit of housework _____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.

A. since

B. while

C. when

D. as

26. I'd like to study law at university _____ my cousin prefers geography.

A. though

B. as

C. while

D. for

27. Why was Edison not able to hatch（孵化）chickens __________the hen could ?

A. while B .when C. because D. unless

28. We’re going to the bookstore in John’s car. You can come with us _____you can meet us there later.

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. then

29. Information technology is taught in most schools,＿＿＿we have entered the information society.

A. so

B. while

C. still

D. for

30. The shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m, _______ it loses a lot of business.

A. for

B. or

C. but

D. so

31. I can’t sleep well at night, ______I often feel very tired in the day.

A. so

B. for

C. and

D. or

32. He found it increasingly difficult to read, ______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.

A. though

B. for

C. but

D. so

33. It must have rained last night, __________the road is wet.

A. while

B. or

C. for

D. because

37.__________many times, but he still couldn't understand it.

A. Having been old

B. Though he had been told

C. He was told

D. Having told

38.__________, so Mary was very sad.

A. Her mother was very ill

B. Her mother being ill

C. Her mother's being ill

D. Because her mother was ill

39.Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ________didn't help.

A. he

B. which

C. she

D. it

40. Spring is coming ; __________gets warmer and warmer, and trees turn green.

A. that B .it C. which D. as it

并列连词填空练习：

1. Some people love cats, _______ others hate them.

2. __________does Jack do his work well , __________he helps others with their work.

3. Tim was writing to a friend of his _______ his pet dog rushed into the room.

4. We were about to leave the top of the mountain, ______ it began to rain.

5. My sister had trouble in learning English. __________, she works hard and is making rapid progress.

6. She must be out, __________the lights are out.

7. You can watch TV, _______ you can go to bed.

8. It began to rain, _______ we went home.

9. You should eat more, _______ you'll make yourself ill.

10. I had not read for half an hour _______ I heard steps outside.

11. Susan has to stay up tonight, _______ there is a lot of homework to do.

12. Tracy is diligent, _______ her husband is lazy.

13. Some people like fat meat, _______ others hate it.

14. __________she did not speak distinctly(清楚地)__________I did not hear well.

15. It must have rained last night, __________the ground is still wet.

16. Try your best _______ you’ll make more progress.

17. The south of the country continues to grow richer, _______ the north grows poorer.

18. I had just fallen asleep _______ the door-bell rang.

19. Start now, _______ you will miss the bus.

20. I was cooking _______ I heard her knocking at the door.

21. __________could theory do without practice, __________could practice do without theory.

22. I was taking a walk along the river _______ I came across my boss.

23. Tom works in a hospital _______ Mary works in a company.

24. Don’t lose heart _______ you will lose all.

25. David hurt his leg, _______ he couldn’t play in the game.

26. Wendy was on the point of leaving _______ someone knocked at the door.

27. I failed again, _______ I won’t give up.

广东高考写作

(1)世界纪录：2006年获硕士学位时年龄最大; 80多岁时决定学习法律，2006年获得硕士学位。(2012年基础写作)

(2) 中文版：2011年初开始在中国销售

意外反应：多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法（2011年基础写作）

(3)他们给我买我最喜欢的书，这些书不仅让我有学习的动力，而且帮助我更好的学习。(2010年读写任务)

(4)我们走的越远，对不同国家的政治、经济、习俗和地理了解的就更多。

(5)阅读和看电视不同，它是一个高度活跃的过程，因为阅读需要注意，也需要记忆和想象。

(6)它有助于发展经济，提高人们的生活水平，有助于提高汕头作为现代化旅游城市的饿形象。

(7)公寓情况：80平米，两房一厅，一卫一厨，免费无线上网。

(8) 优点：低噪音，无污染，环保

缺点：价格昂贵；动力不足，最高速度只有70公里每小时。

(9)专家观点：火星条件太艰苦；面临严寒气候、孤独和恐惧

(10)和谐家庭的主要特征：充满温暖，爱心和欢笑；相互关爱，尊重和理解

回顾高考：

1.He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ___ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.

2.I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.

A. while

B. when

C. since

D. after

3.He was about halfway through his meal ______ a familiar voice came to his ears.

A. why

B. where

C. when

D. while

4.I was still sleeping when the fire ______ and then it spread quickly.

A. broke out

B. put out

C. came out

D. got out

5.I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ______.

A. went, was occurring

B. went, occurred

C. was going, occurred

D. was going, had occurred

1.He took the old man not just across the river,_______to his home.

2.They can come in a variety of colors such as:gold,blue or black._____,the most commonly used color is red.

3.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful stars to give the light_____his family had only expensive lanterns.

4.My truck seemed to have no problem with the ice that covered the road.I drove very slowly,_______, not wanting to carve a path of destruction through Main Street.

5.Overcome our fear,_____we will be able to achieve our goals.

6.Everyone knows very well that simple_____popular line “It’s a small world after all.”

7.All the books that were written about him before mine were followed with the help of the studio and his family._______,there is always one fixed view of him.

8.Home is only two blocks away____it was not a pleasant walk with one small boy fast asleep int he pram.

9.Jean does not smoke cigarettes _____drink alcohol,______do her friends.

10.These children are often spoiled,not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this,_____in more material ways.

11.A bath at bedtime,____hot nor cool but of body temperature,may be helpful to sleep.

12.They were not talking about big problems,____making small talk.

13.Give to them what they need,and show them not cruelty nor disapproval nor coldness nor disappointment,_____only love.

14.For example,if a patient called Ann says that____her parents are dead,the computer will say, “I’m sorry to hear that,Ann.”

15.Frankly, these teachers’ good suggestions ate only helpful to arouse students’ interest in reading_____not helpful to deal with the questions in the examination of reading comprehension.

16.That cram education can lead to nothing_____ a failure in the children’s growth.

17.Studies have found that people who laugh a lot are less likely to suffer from heart disease._____laughing

is also good for your relationship.

18.Don’t always scold and give lots of praise________.

初中英语祈使句讲解及练习

初中英语祈使句讲解及练习

初中英语――祈使句 祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。 1. 肯定的祈使句 （1）动词原形+其他 Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。 （2）Be + n./adj. Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心！（3）Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分Let me help you. 让我来帮你。Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。 2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don't + 动词原形 Don't stand up. 别站起来。 Don't be careless. 别粗心。 Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。 （2）Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语

如：--- Don’t go out, please. It’s raining heavily outside. 请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。 ---- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport. 不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。 5. 祈使句的反意疑问句 (1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。 Please open the do or, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？ (2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。 Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？ (3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。 Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？ <特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we，而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如：Let us stay here, will/ won't you?

英语倒装句(最全面_最简洁)

英语句子的自然顺序是主语在前,谓语在后（主语+谓语）。把谓语动词放在主语之前（谓语+主语）,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装; 如果只把助动词或be 动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。 基本语序（natural order）： 主语+谓语+宾语（subject + predicate+ object） I love English. 完全倒装 (full inversion) 谓语+主语 Here came the headmaster. 部分倒装 (partial inversion) 助动词/情态动词+ 主语 + 动词 Nerve will I forgive you. 一、完全倒装 1. There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。 There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question. 例题: ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at 2 (1).在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。 句式：副词＋vi＋名词主语 “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be,go,lie,run) + 主语" 结构。 Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. Now comes your turn. 如果主语是人称代词,主语和谓语语序不变，不用倒装。 如:Here you are. There she comes. (2).表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: In came Mr. White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy. 题：There ________. And here ________. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she 3.当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时。 句式：介词短语＋vi＋主语（必须是名词） 如：At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

文言文精讲精练(含答案)

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英语祈使句详解 1. 祈使句的概念 表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形，不能用其他形式。如： Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。 祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you)，但一般都被省略，只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如： You be quiet! 你安静! You go and tell him, Chris. 克立斯，你去告诉他。 You wait here for a moment. 你在这儿等一会儿。 有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如：Stand up, everybody! 全体起立! Nobody move. 任何人都不许动。 2. 祈使句表示强调 为了加强祈使句的语气，我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do，此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如： Do be careful. 务必要小心。 Do have some more tea. 一定再喝点茶。 Do let me go. 一定让我去。 副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首，表示强调。如： Never do that again. 再不要这样做了。 Always look in the mirror before starting to drive. 一定要先看看反光镜再开车。 3. 祈使句的否定式 构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单，那就是在动词原形前加don’t——不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动词，情况都是一样。如： Open the window. 把窗户打开。 →Don’t open the window. 别把窗户打开。 Come next Monday. 下周星期一来。

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英语句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前，就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前，叫全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前就叫部分倒装。 一、完全倒装 1．时间状语now，then等，地点状语here，there, out，in，up，down，away等副词位于句首①Here comes the bus. ②There goes the bell. ③Now comes your turn. ④Out went the children. 当代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例如： ⑤Here it is. 在这儿。⑥Here he comes. 他来了。 2．当句首状语为表示时间或地点的介词词组时，也常常引起全部倒装 ①在城市南部坐落着一家钢铁工厂。South of the city lies a big steel factory. ②从山谷里传来了一阵可怕的声音。From the valley came a frightening sound. 3．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语” 1）形容词+连系动词+主语 出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授，格林教授及其他嘉宾。 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith, Professor Green and many other guests 2）过去分词+连系动词+主语 他们可以随心所欲的日子过去了。Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. 二、部分倒装 1．用于疑问句Do you speak English? 2．If引导的条件状语从句谓语动词为were, had或should时，可省去if，把那三个词挪至句首。Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination. Were there enough hands, we should go on with the project. Should I be free tomorrow, I will come to the party. 3．用于“形容词（或名词、动词）+as（though）引导的让步状语从句中” ①Pretty as she is, she is not clever. ②Try as he could, he might fall again. 如果从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。 ①尽管他还是个孩子，他不得不去谋生。Child as he was, he had to make a living. 4.用于否定词never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, at no time, not only+ 部分倒装but+不倒装, not once，no sooner+部分倒装… than+不倒装…，hardly+部分倒 装… when+不倒装和not until开头的句型中 ①我再也不做这个了。Never shall I do this again. ②他几乎不了解这个女人是谁。Little did he know who the woman was. ③直到老师开始上课他才写完作业。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. ④他刚迈出家门电话铃就响了。No sooner had he stepped out of the house than the phone rang. ⑤我刚到她们就要走了。Hardly had I arrived when they had to leave. 5．用于so，nor，neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容，原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致.若表示强调前句内容，则不倒装。 ①He has been to beijing. So have I. ② Li Wei can't answer the question. Neither can I. ③Li Lei failed the exam, so he did. ④ Lucy likes paintings, so she does. 6. 用于only开头的句子（only后面跟副词、介词短语或状语从句）。 ①只有以这种方式我们才能取得进步。Only in this way can we make progress. ②只有当他告诉我的时候我才意识到他陷入到了什么样的麻烦中。 Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in. 7）用于某些表示祝愿的句子。祝你成功！May you succeed!