高中英语选修七教案：Unit4+Sharing+grammar+

Unit 4 Sharing

Period 4 Grammar 教案

I. Teaching aims:

1. To learn the kinds of Atributive Clause.

2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why等。

3.Do some practice.

II.Procedures

Step1. Find 5 sentences used attributive clauses from the text:

1. I’ve included some photos which will help you picture the places I

talk about.

2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before

started jumping out of windows.

3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to these

students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8

4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village

which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.

5.When we arrived at the village, Tombe’s mother, Kiak, who had

been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Leee, leee”.

Step2. What is attributive clause?

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词

或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom, whose. 引导英语从句的关系副词有;_____ where,when, how, why。

注：1. 介词提前时一般只用which和whom。

2. whose+名词=the+名词+of which/ of whom

定语从句分类

定语从句

The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句

The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句

限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句得区别:

限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗

号隔开。

引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略

非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。引导词：who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that,不能省略

Step3.关系词的用法：

(一）关系代词的用法：

1、作主语用who, which和that, 如：

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2、作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

注：在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语时，用于指人的who whom, that 和用于指物的which和that通常可以省略；但在介词提前时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。

3、作定语用whose, 如：

(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.

(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a 句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which结构互

换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which)

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)

4、作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

难点:as

引导限定性定语从句，指代被the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词Don’t talk about such things as you don’t understand.

We’re facing the same problems as we did years ago.

It is as pleasant a film as I have ever seen.

Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.

比较：

Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）

宜用that引导的定语从句

1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。

The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.

2)all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词

时用that。

Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.

3)人和物合作先行词时，要用that。

We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.

4)先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时，要用

that。

It is the very skirt that suits me well.

5) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，要用that

Whoever that is content with a little progress can’t make big achievements.

6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

宜用which引导的定语从句

1)当定语从句的介词提前时，要用which。

The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.

2)引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。

He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.

宜用as引导的定语从句

1)先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。

Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.

Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?

2) 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.

宜用who引导的定语从句:

当先行词是人称代词或是those, anyone等时，常用who。

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.

Step4（二）关系副词的用法：

1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如：

Each time he came, he did his best to help us.

But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.

2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：

This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

注：where有时也可以省略。如：

This is the place (where) we met yesterday.

3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

注：why时常也可以省略。如：That is the real reason he did it. 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which. 如：

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.

2、当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，

如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that,

缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，

试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.

His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

温馨提示：

when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。

Step5几种易混的情况

1.I’ll never forget the days when /in which we worked together.

2.I’ll never forget the days which we spent together.

3.I went to the placewhere/ in which I worked ten years ago.

4.I went to the place which I visited ten years ago.

5.This is the reason why/ for which he was late.

6.This is the reason that/which he gave.

介词+ which / whom(介词的确定方法)

1. 根据先行词来确定

This is the pot in which I boiled the milk.

(boil milk in the pot)

Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems.

(discuss problems at the meeting)

1979 was the year in which my son was born.

(my son was born in the year)

This is the place in which I grew up.

(grow up in the place)

That’s the reason for which he dislikes me.

(dislike me for the reason)

2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定

The person to whom I complained is the manager.

(complained to the person)

The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of the dog)

3. 根据从句所表达的意思来确定

Water, without which man can’ t live, is really important.

4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置

The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.

1. 介词+ which / whose + n.

①I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.

②He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.

2. 名词+ of + which / whom

①This is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)

②These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan.

③The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lily’s birthday.

3. 代词+ of + which / whom

用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。

这些代词包括：many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neither

①The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.

②There are a lot of books, none of which is mine.

③The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.

④The money, all of which has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.

⑤The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.

4. 数词+ of + which / whom

①I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.

②In our factory there are 800 workers, 40 percent of whom are women.

5. 形容词最高级+of + which / whom

①There are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.

②She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.

Step6.几点注意事项

1. the way 表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况

Can you tell me the way (that)

you solve the problem.

Can you tell me the way in which

you solve the problem.

2. 定语从句中的谓语动词

英语学习讲义要与先行词保持一致

He is one of the students who have been abroad.

He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.

3. 先行词是时间时，并非都用when

引导的从句来修饰。试比较：

Do you still remember the days when

there was no electricity?

Do you still remember the days (which

/ that) we spent together?

4. 先行词是地点时，并非都用where

引导的从句来修饰。试比较：

The place where Lu Xun once worked

has become a museum.

The place (which / that) I visited last

week is in Hong Kong.

5. 先行词是the reason时，并非都用

why 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：

That’s the r eason why he was late.

That’s the reason (which) he gave me.

Step7.练一练

Complete the sentences with your own words.

1.I made the jar in which a golden fish was put

2. Painting is an activity thatalmost children like to do

3. The interpreter to whom you will turn for help is on holiday.

4. The man whois shaking hands with him is a doctor.

5. The woman whose daughter went abroad last year is over there

6.The school where you spent your childhood has been improved.

7.Anne is doing some research on the time when the time for lunch comes

8.The reason why he c ouldn’t come to your party was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.

Step8.Answer the following questions using attributive clauses. Use the pronouns in the brackets. Compare your answers with your partner. 1. What kind of friend would you like to have (whom)

I’d like to have a friend whom I can trust.

2. What kind of place would you like to go to for a holiday?(where)

I’d like to go to Dalian where there is nice beach.

3. What story do you enjoy most?(which/ that)

I enjoy Jo’s story most which / that we have learned in the text.

4. which musical instrument would you like to learn to play?(which / that )

I’d like to learn to play the piano which my father left me.

5. Why didn’t you finish your homework?(why)

The reason why I didn’t finish my homework was that I was ill.

6. what kind of person is she married to ?(to whom)

A rich man to whom she is married to will come soon.

7. What sport do you participate in most often?(which/ that)

I participate in basketball which is very intersting.

8. Which day won’t you ever forget?(when)

I’ll never forget the day when we moved to a new flat.

Step9. Correct mistakes:

1.I saw some trees leaves of which were yellow.

Leaves前加the

2.Here is the pen you los t it yesterday.

把it去掉。

3.The girl told me the news is not here now.

told 前加who

4.This is the village where my father worked in three years ago.

①把“where”变成“which” ②省略“in”

5. The boss in which company my father worked is a very kind person. in which 变为whose

6.The reason why he gave us sounded a little strange.

why 改为that/which

7.He is the only one of the students who know French.

know改为knows

8.I’ll never forget the day on which I spent with you.

去掉which

9.Which was planned, we met at the railway station.

Which 改为As

10.This is the teacher with whom we’ve learnt a lot.

with 改为from

Step4 Homework

1. Summarize the rules of attributive clause

2. Translation: P72

1)She has not yet answered the question why she left / resigned / gave up her job.

2)Why don’t you ask the teacher who’s coming to help Diana with her maths to help Oliver too?

3) The man whose dog bit the baby has denied that it was his dog that did it.

4(The restaurant where they planned to have their wedding reception has gone out of business.

5. The woman to whom you spoke on the phone is Kelly’s mother.

6. The theatre which is closest to our house is half an hour away by us.

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