英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析与解题技巧(六)

英语高考阅读理解篇章结构分析与解题技巧(六)

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【文章概述】

这是一篇有关科学研究的应用文。文中指出跟着他人打哈欠这种现象迷惑科学家多年。最近的一项研究发现，人们有同情同道人的倾向。Hugo Critchley的研究表明快乐与悲伤可以像普通感冒那样在一群体中传播。他还进一步地解释说:“喜欢他人时候,我们会模仿他们的行为。与朋友聊天时很有可能你们的坐姿是相同的。”我们应该多与快乐的人交往，要不然我们的健康可能受折磨。

You’re sitting on the train home and the per son opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, thought you’re not tired.

This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagions(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words.

Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的)responses, ”he explained. “T here are also more visible changes in our gesture and facial expressions. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure. ”

Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take no te of how you’re sitting-it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that you’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle (微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions. ”

So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy people—otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley. “When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us. ”

1. According to Hugo Critchley, _________.

A. emotions are as visible as facial expressions

B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold

C. emotions are connected with states of internal responses

D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions

2. The underlined word “synchronise” in paragraph 4 means “_________”.

A. move slowly

B. change rapidly

C. relax temporarily

D. respond accordingly

3. From the passage we can learn ______.

A. sadness is as contagious as happiness

B. anger is less contagious than friendliness

C. surprise is more contagious than smile

D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions

4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.

B. Children like copying the actions of the fellow humans.

C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.

D. People tend to communicate more with body language.

【答案速递】CDBA

【解题提示】

该类文章开门见山指出某现象，探索其中道理，提出作者观点，然后引用科学家的发现加以论证。该类文章语言规范，专业性强，词语较为生硬，长句多。长句理解要实行“精兵简政”，抓住主干，弄清主句、分句间的关系；同时要努力排除专有名词的干扰。阅读时要洞察作者观点，分析作者用作佐证的材料，把握好细节。该类文章常考查：文中具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；简单判断和理解；作者的观点。

【结构分析】

该文章分为四部分：第一部分（第一段）指出打哈欠现象；第二部分（第二段）提出观点people tend to sympathize with fellow humans; 第三部分（第三、四段）Hugo Critchley通过研究得出的观点；第四部分（第五段）打哈欠现象的启示。

【答案全解】

1. According to Hugo Critchley, _________.

【点拨】考查细节→寻读法→句层次上对明示细节的理解。

A. emotions are as visible as facial expressions

B. we yawn more frequently when we have a cold

D. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions

【考查意图】本题是考查考生根据语篇陈述对细节分析理解能力。

【答题分析】细节理解题。文中第三段Hugo Critchley谈到Emotions are closely linked with states of internal (内部的) responses. 此题答案为C。

2. The underlined word “synchronise” in paragraph 4 means “_________”.

【点拨】考查词义→寻读法→句层次上对明示细节的理解

A. move slowly

B. change rapidly

C. relax temporarily

【考查意图】考查考生根据材料所提供的信息推断词义的能力。

【答题分析】词义猜测题。文中第四段谈到信息when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. 当我们喜欢对方, 我们的身体有相应的反应，甚至模仿他的行为。此题答案为D。

3. From the passage we can learn ______.

【点拨】考查深层含义→寻读法→句层次上对明示细节的理解。

A. sadness is as contagious as happiness

C. surprise is more contagious than smile

D. surprise is the most contagious among emotions

【考查意图】本题是考查考生根据语篇的陈述对作者所持观点的归纳分析能力。

【答题分析】推理判断题。文中第三段谈到信息…there’s the obvious tendency to smile when

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