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2019年自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】

2019年自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】
2019年自考00831现代英语语法复习资料【考前必看】

自考现代英语语法复习资料

第一部分:引言

《现代英语语法》是由李基安先生编写,全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会指定的全国高等教育自学考试教材。

关于这门课程的考试要求,可参见该教程第425所附录的《英语语法自学考试大纲》。大纲是方向、目标,广大考生必须仔细了解。

英语语法是关于英语语言结构的理论知识。通过该课程的学习,学员能够比较系统地认识英语从词,句到语篇的构造,从而提高他们应用英语的规范性。

在学习该教材时,学员普遍存在两种倾向:一是,由于该教材都是用英文编写,里面又涉及很多专业术语,许多学员觉得高深、难懂;二是,有些学员认为,自己从学英语开始就在学习英语语法,没有必要在这门功课上花太多的精力,所有的语法书都大同小异,自己稍做准备就能对付过去。

其实,两种看法都失偏颇。现代语法的发展与传统语法已经存在比较明显的差异,例如:传统语法认为,英语有九种(甚至十六种)时态,该教程则采取的是‘a system of two tenses and two aspects’—-—-—-两时两体体系。另外对phrases, clauses 的概念也有不同的定义。书中提到的一些其他语言现象,如:外位[extraposition], 分隔[discontinuity], 分裂句[cleft sentence]等都是一般语法书所不提及或者阐述不同。该教材也并非高深莫测,毕竟多数语言现象还是我们日常英语学习中所耳濡目染的,只不过我们许多英语学习者没有考究过它们形成的理论根据,来龙去脉而已。

所以,为了使自己的英语更加规范,让自己能用英语更准确、有效地传递信息、表达思想,英语专业的学生还是很有必要把这门课程学好。

现在我们就结合《现代英语语法》教材,近几年英语语法专业考试试题,讲述英语语法考试中考生容易忽略的测试要点或难点。

我们先通过几道语法题来检测你现有的现代语法水平,接着探讨一下该教材的学习方法,最后把教材各章的要点、难点归纳给大家。在整个讲解过程中,我们力争多采用教材里的素材以及往年试题中的一些经典考题,以便学员在学习、归纳语法现象的同时使自己的备考收效最大化。

先测试一下自己的现代语法水平(同时了解一下英语语法考试的题型、结构;每

年考试形式基本相同,有些部分稍有调整。为了节省篇幅,这里各部分只选取几个样题)

The Pre-course Quiz

I、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每题1分,共20分)

Choose the best answer from the choices given:

1. In the end, he __________.

a. got invited

b. gets invited

c. was invited

d. was to be invited

2. Do what I tell you --__________!

a. or else

b. or so

c. and that

d. and do

3. __________ , he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class.

a. To work hard as he did

b. Working hard as he did

c. Work hard as he did

d. Worked hard as he did

4._____ there be life on Mars? (p171)

a. May

b. Can

c. Might

d. Ought

5.Stay _____ have dinner with us, will you?(p263)

a. to

b. or

c. and

d. here

6.You _____ be shocked at the news.(p168)

a. should well

b. must well

c. may well

d. can well

7. You have to wait a minute, ______?

a. haven't you

b. do you

c. don't you

d. shouldn't you

8. Staying in hotel cost ________ renting a room in a dormitory for a week.

a. twice as much

b. twice as much as

c. as much as twice

d. twice than

9. I don't think she meant_________ you. (p206)

a. hurt

b. to hurt

c. hurting

d. be hurt

10. ___ I worked hard at school, I ___ this kind of work now.

a. Had... wouldn't have done

b. Had... wouldn't be doing

c. If... wouldn't do

d. If... wouldn't be doing

II.多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每题2分,共10分)

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

a, the, any, some, all

1. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave behind. That's why__________ arrival of the Year 2000 has become such a personal moment.

2. be, is, was, are ,were, will be, shall be, has, have had

a. She is one of these girls who _______ trouble running around.

b. This one of the many houses here which _______ destroyed in the earthquake.

3. seem, seems, me, I, mine

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____. (p59)

4. less, less of, than, as, like

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee. (p237)

III.填空题(本大题共20小题,每题1分,共20分)

Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:

1. It was an island __________ name I have forgotten.

2. He carried his luggage all the way home, __________ was actually unnecessary.

3. He soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.

4. The police arrived, after __________ the situation became calmer. Fill in the blanks with proper words:

5.I like Australia best _______ all the English-speaking countries.

6.I made a comparison _______ the major English speaking countries.(p251)

IV.改错题(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)

Correct errors in the following sentences:

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading made a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You were sitting here all morning.

3.The all of Paris welcomed the general. (p79)

4. I've got five brothers, and every of them is quite different from the others.

5. None of my parents are interested in my idea. (p344)

V.改写句子(本大题共14小题,每题2分,共28分)

Rewrite the following sentences as required:

1. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: You sent my son an English-Chinese dictionary. Thank you very much.

2. Combining the sentences into one that contains a relative clause: Twenty horses were put into the corral. They were to be trained for riding.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5c11710763.html,bine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause:(p289)

My boss is a very considerate person. His predecessor was not a considerate person at all.

4.Rewrite the following sentence using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:

A: Is John trying to enter Harvard Law School?

B: No, I don't think John is trying to enter Harvard Law School. He hates lawyers.

5. Use discontinuity:

Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful than expected to children.

VI.名词解释(本大题共2小题,每小题2分,共4分)

Define the following terms with examples:

1.Non-finite verbs

2.Determiners

VII.简答题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)

1. What are inherent adjectives?

2. Can HOW - exclamations be used to highlight the noun? If not, what can HOW - questions highlight?

Key to the pre-course quiz

I. 单项选择题(每小题1分,共20分)

1、a

2、a

3、b

4、b

5、c

6、c

7、c

8、b

9、b 10、b

II. 多项选择填空题(每小题2分,共10分,)

1. Each, the (共2分,一格1分)

2. have, were(共2分,一格1分)

3. seem, mine(共2分,一格1分)

4. less of, than(共2分,一格1分)

III. 填空题(每题1分,共20分)

1. whose

2. which

3. why

4. which

5. among

6.between

IV. 改错题(每小题1分,共8分)

Correct errors in the following sentences:

1. Francis Bacon wrote that reading makes a full man.

2. Go and get some fresh air! You have been sitting here all morning.

3.The whole of Paris welcomed the general.

4. I've got five brothers, and each of them is quite different from the others.

5. Neither of my parents are interested in my idea.

V. 改写句子(每题2分,共28分)

1. Thank you very much for the English-Chinese dictionary you sent my son.

2. Twenty horses that were to be trained for riding were put into the corral.

3. My boss is a very considerate person, which his predecessor was not at all.

4. No, I don't think so. He hates lawyers.

5. Excessive exposure to violence on TV is more harmful to children than expected.

VI. 名词解释(每题2分,共4分)

1. The non-finite verbs are verbs that are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.

2. Determiners refer to words which are used in the pre-modification of a noun phrase and which typically precede any adjectives that pre-modify the head word.

VII. 简答题(每小题2分,共10分)

1. Generally speaking, adjectives denoting inherent qualities characterize the referent of the noun. e.g. A big house refers to a house whose size is big.

2. No, they can't. They can highlight the adjectives, adverb or verb.

第二部分:教材的学习与使用

一.首先,仔细研读教材后面所附录的《高等教育自学考试英语语法自学考

试大纲》,做到学习重点、考试要求了然于心。

二.由于教材涉及的术语较多,考试时所有的考题均用英文表述,学员必须

熟记这些术语。可参照书后《课程内容与考核目标》所列出的主要概念中英文对照。如:词素(morphemes),词缀法(affixation), 修饰性状语(adjunct) ,评注性状语(disjunct)等。

三.对于每个概念,术语,都要做到能用简单的英语解释,最好能用书中的

定义进行解释。语法考试中就有一部分要检查考生对概念的理解及记忆。如:(1)Morpheme(p4): A morpheme is the minimal distinctive grammatical unit, and is the lowest unit in grammatical hierarchy. Morphemes are actually abstract elements of analysis. What occurs is an orthographic form in writing termed “morph” which realizes the morpheme.(词素是语法的最小区别性单位,即最低一级的语法单位.词素的语音或拼写法的体现叫形素.词素是抽象的形式成分,在不同的环境中由若干不同的形素来体现) (2)Mass nouns(p57): Those nouns that can not take plural forms are mass nouns, such as butter, cheese, homework music, etc. (没有复数形式的名词叫物质名词)

四.在理解的基础上,熟记教材上的例句。从以往的试卷分析来看,很多考

题就是教材上的原句或略作变动。例如:在全国2003年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题第Ⅱ.多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)中,几乎所有的题目均能从书中找出:

Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:

21. bank, bunch, congregation, pack, series(P65)

A. a _____ of musicians

B. a___ of lectures

22. board, bunch, choir, packet, party(P66)

A. a ______ of guests

B. a______ of keys

23. is, are, was, were, will be, shall be(P344)

Some money _____ carried to the spot and all the food and everything else _____ ready for the picnic.

24. seem, seems, me, I, mine(P59)

Your politics _____ to be entirely different from _____.

25. less, less of, than, as, like(P237)

Mr. Smith is _____ a politician ______ Mr. Lee.

26. more of, many of, much of, than, as, like(P236)

John is as _____ a fool _____ Bill.

27. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall be

A. That she is still alive ______ sheer luck.

B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote _____ true.

28. have, has, had, will have, shall have(P346)

A. She is the only one of her family who ______ trouble making up the mind.

B. This is the only family in the community who ____ different opinions while making up the mind.

每天学英语

每天学习英语 It pays to invest in education. 投资教育是有利的。 Once you begin,you must continue.一旦开始,你就得继续。 A good beginning makes a good ending.善始者善终。 Custom is a second nature.习惯是后天养成的。 All I have to do is learn English.我所要做的就是学英语。 Let's take over the dinner.我们边吃边谈。 It's up to date. 这个很时兴。 A friend is easier lost than found. 得友难失友易。 He doesn't care about me.他并不在乎我。 Happy Valentine's Day.情人节快乐。['v?l?ntain] He could hardly contain[k?n'tein] his excitement/anger.他抑制不住内心的激动/气愤。 If I were in your shoes.如果我站在你的立场。 Caution is the parent of safety.小心驶得万年船。 That couldn't be better.那再好不过了。 He was charged with smuggling.他被控告走私。 Have you got a backup plan?你有二手准备吗? We will have to go in rain or fine.无论晴天下雨,我们都得去。 I'm occupied.我走不开。occupy英音:['?kju,pai] What are your plans for the weekend?你周末的计划是什么? He never touches alcohol. 他滴酒不沾。 It worths a shot. 值得一试。We were able to fix the computer blindfolded.我们轻松搞定计算机(闭眼都能做)。 Are you kidding me?你在耍我。 Break the news to somebody. 委婉地把坏消息告诉某人。 Make a hole.让开道/闪开。 Go right back to the beginning.直接回到起始位置。 We are in the same boat.我们是一根藤上的瓜。 He can hardly speak.他几乎说不出话来。 With clothes the new are best;with friends the old are best.衣服越新越好,朋友越老越好。 The scalded cat fears cold water.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。scald:[sk?:ld] I was intemperate[in'temp?rit] in my youth.我年少轻狂。[注:intemperate a. 1.不节制的;过度的2.酗酒的3.(天气)酷烈的(寒冷的、酷热 的)] We should learn to be temperate in eating and drinking.我们须注意控制饮食。 It's been a long time.好久不见 It never rains,it pours.不鸣则已,一鸣惊人 Footsteps announced his return.听脚步声就知道他回来了 May I ask for quarter?能不能请你高抬贵手? What took you so long?怎么那么久 Do you have matches?你需要帮忙吗? Do you take money?你们收钱吗? You need a thick skin.你需要经得住批评。 - 1 -

新编英语语法教程 复习资料

1.主谓一致 主谓一致Subject-Verb Concord即谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语保持一致,主谓一致包括语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 指导原则 语法一致 语法一致即谓语动词在单复数形式上要和主语保持一致 eg. A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式) 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language. (主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式) 语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则. 意义一致和就近原则 意义一致就是谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。 补充解释和例句见书P22 就近一致就是谓语动词要和靠近它的主语部分保持一致。 常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either…or…,neither…nor …,not only…but also …等. 例句见书P23 英语中,有时几个名词或代词有某些此连接起来一起作句子的主语,此时,谓语动词的形式就须有与之最接近的名词或代词的人称和数决定。如: (1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room. 他房间里有一张办公桌和五把椅子。 There are five chairs and a desk in his room. 他房间里有五把椅子和一张办公桌。 (2) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there. 要么是你要么是李蕾将被派到那里去。 Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there 是你将被派到那里去还是李蕾将被派到那里去 结尾的名词作主语 以-s结尾的疾病名称和游戏名称 以-ics结尾的学科名称 以-s结尾的地理名称 其他以-s结尾的名词 以集合名词作主语 通常作复数的集体名词 见书P27 【注】goods(货物), clothes(衣服)只有复数形式,且只表示复数意义: Such clothes are very cheap. 那样的衣服很便宜。 All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的货物都给他们送去了。 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 clothing(衣服),poetry(诗歌),baggage / luggage(行李), furniture(家具),machinery(机械),scenery(景色),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用作不可数名词,表示单数意义,用作主语时,其后谓语动词用单数形式。 既可做单数也可作复数的集体名词 family(家庭),team(队,队员),class(班,班上的全体学生),crowd(人群),government(政府),crew(乘务员),committee(委员会),audience(听众),public(公众)等集合名词,当它们表示整体意义时,表单数意义,当它们强调个体意义时,表示复数意义。 【注】有时没有特定的语境,用单复数谓语均可以:

(精选)人教版高中英语语法复习资料

语法:是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句:在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句:通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句:〖大句套小句〗 一气:虚拟语气 二词:非谓语动词、情态动词 三句:名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢? 1. 不定式:To do 2. 动名词:Doing 3. 分词:Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补,其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一:口诀法 非谓语,三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句

变否定,NOT 前。 哼哈将,时逻关。 七仙女,记心间。 (一) 变否定 (二) 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式:不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A :谓语动词 B :不定式 ▲ 完成式:不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A :谓语动词 B :不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式:不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A :谓语动词 B :不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式:不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生,一直持续到谓语动词动作,到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束,还有可能继续延续下去。 A A :谓语动词 B :不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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all the same 仍然,照样的as regards 关于,至于anything but 根本不as a matter of fact 实际上 apart from 除...外(有/无) as a rule 通常,照例 as a result(of) 因此,由于as far as ...be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至,到...程度as for 至于,关于 as follows 如下as if 好像,仿怫 as good as 和...几乎一样as usual 像平常一样,照例 as to 至于,关于all right 令人满意的;可以 as well 同样,也,还as well as 除...外(也),即...又

aside from 除...外(还有) at a loss 茫然,不知所措 at a time 一次,每次at all 丝毫(不),一点也不 at all costs 不惜一切代价at all events 不管怎样,无论如何at all times 随时,总是at any rate 无论如何,至少 at best 充其量,至多at first 最初,起先 at first sight 乍一看,初看起来at hand 在手边,在附近 at heart 内心里,本质上at home 在家,在国内 at intervals 不时,每隔... at large 大多数,未被捕获的 at least 至少at last 终于 at length 最终,终于at most 至多,不超过

at no time 从不,决不by accident 偶然 at one time 曾经,一度;同时at present 目前,现在 at sb’s disposal 任...处理at the cost of 以...为代价 at the mercy of 任凭...摆布at the moment 此刻,目前 at this rate 照此速度 at times 有时,间或back and forth 来回地,反复地 back of 在...后面before long 不久以后 beside point 离题的,不相干的beyond question 毫无疑问by air 通过航空途径by all means 尽一切办法,务必 by and by 不久,迟早by chance 偶然,碰巧

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