《英汉大词典》中的英语成语问题

?词典研评?

《英汉大词典》中的英语成语问题

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广东商学院

　雍和明

复旦大学陆谷孙教授主编的《英汉大词典》以其“学术性、实用性、知识性、稳定性、趣味性”等特点,受到外语界和读者的普遍称赞。然而,任何一部文化产品都不可能十全十美,《大词典》自然也不例外。本文着重从四个方面对《大词典》处理英语成语的不足和失误作一分析。

一、成语条目的确定与选择从理论上确定成语的地位并非难事,但在词典编纂过程中,要确认一个语言单位是不是成语有时十分棘手。关键是要在词典编纂过程中统观全局,对待同类结构和相关意义的成语要遵循“前后互参、全书一致”的原则。《大词典》在处理这类成语时忽视了这一原则,因而存在一些前后不一、彼此矛盾的情况。这是众人合作的大型工具书易犯之病。例如:在benefit 词条中,《大词典》列出了for the benefit of ,但在good 词条中却漏收了for the good of ,甚至在释义中也未见反映;在flower 词条中列出了in flower ,但在bloom 和blos 2

som 词条中却仅在释义的例证中反映了in bloom 和in blossom 这两条成语。我们还从语义和结构入手,对

《大词典》的部分动词词条(如表示“依赖、指望”的成语)、形容词词条(如表示“在…之前、先于…”的成语)、代词词条(如“介+代”结构的成语)进行了考察,结果也发现前后处理方法不一的情况。

上述成语我们不妨称之为“边缘地带”成语,这是根据成语结构稳定性的高低程度提出来的。英语成语也是短语中的一类。从构成角度看,短语都由不同成分搭配而成,而搭配从稳定性方面考察可以分为“开放

类搭配”(open collocation )和“封闭类搭配”(closed collo 2cation )。前者只要语义和结构允许就可以自由组合而成,在构成上无甚限制,但它强调“共现关系”(co-occur 2rence ),因而其意思清楚易辨;后者在语义和结构上则是绝对或相对固定的,在组合方式上是有限制的,因而它强调“稳定性”,其意思晦涩难懂,往往从字面上很难推断。从纵聚合关系考虑,短语中的成分可替换性越强,其开放程度就越高;反之,其开放程度就越低。当短语中的成分丧失了可替换性,它就成了严格意义上的“成语”。我们所说的“边缘地带”的成语则是指没有完全丧失、仍然具备有限的可替换能力的短语。它们是双语词典编纂工作者必须特别注意的一族,因为它们介于“开放类搭配”和“封闭类搭配”之间,具有“两面性”。在词典编纂过程中,我们在考虑某一短语要不要列为成语时,首先要考察它是具有极强的可替换性,还是只有有限的可替换性,或是完全丧失了可替换性。第一种情况应按一般短语处理,不列为成语;第二种情况则要谨慎对待,必须做到全书一致,要么全部作为成语加以收录,要么都作为一般短语处理,在释义中说明,在例证中反映;不过,从读者角度看,列为成语恐怕更为可取,因为这样可以将这类特殊短语加以突出强调。第三种情况则毫无疑问应该列为成语。

《大词典》忽视了对某些短语的可替换性进行论证研究,这是导致处理“边缘成语”失误的根本原因之一,也是《大词典》在成语栏中收录了一些非成语类短语的主要原因之一。例如:在有关词条的成语栏中,《英汉大词典》将at the sight of ,at the thought of ,in the east

[north ,south ,west ]of ,to sb.πs disappointment ,talk into [out of ]等均列为成语。很显然,它们都是开放类

搭配,其中的实词都具有极强的可替换性。如果我们把《大词典》列为成语的上述开放类搭配都算作成语,那么由其他词项构成的类似成语也应该作为成语对待,这样一来开放类搭配和封闭类搭配就无可分辨了,这对英汉双语词典中英语成语的处理将是很不利的。

《大词典》不仅在处理同类结构或相关意义的成语条目时出现了前后不一的情况,在处理同一个成语条目时也自相矛盾。例如:在other 词条中,《大词典》将

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05?Ξ本文初稿承蒙陆谷孙教授审阅,特此致谢。———作者

　外语教学与研究　1999年第4期(总第120期)

among others列为成语,而在among词条的释义中又把它作为一般例证列出。在set词条中,《大词典》列出了set by这个成语,并列出三条义项:11把(工作等)暂时搁在一边21留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)21[与much,a great deal,little等连用]尊重;重视(本条释义序号原书有误,应为3);而在much词条中,《大词典》又把set much by sb.(sth.)单独列为成语词条,这是不必要的重复。

二、成语的释义

总体上看,《大词典》成语释义的原则和方法是科学实用的。但是,我们也注意到《大词典》的少数成语释义在准确性、实用性、规范性等方面存在不足。下面结合其中的实例讨论几个主要问题:

1)释义不全或忽视基本义项:《大词典》在call词条中收录了call about,列出了一个义项,即“<英>为讨论(或调查)…而访问”,而它的另一个常用义项“<美>为…而打电话”却未收录;colour词条收录了off color,列出了其引申义,即“身体不舒服”,“精神不好”,而未列其本义,即“褪色的;色泽不佳,颜色不匀”等。其实这样的基本义项更应当列出,因为光从字面是难以准确推断其真正意思的。

2)释义义项选择欠当,忽视常用义项:be loaded for bear是美国俚语,其本义是“装好打熊的弹药”,后来引申为“作好战斗准备”,这是该成语的最初的意思。在现代英语中,它又派生了两个与最初意思几乎毫不相关、但又更为常用的义项:生气;醉酒。《大词典》在bear词条中列出了这个成语,但仅列出了其最原始的义项,却只字未提后来产生的义项。N TCπs A merican Idioms Dictionary(Richard A Spears et al,1992)仅列出了“生气”和“醉”这两个义项,却没有列出其原始义项,这说明后者在现代英语中已不常用或已被淘汰了。

3)释义前后不一,体例自相矛盾,造成局部混乱:《大词典》体例说明(四)“释义与例证”中第24条款规定:“多义词(或习语)的义项,较常用的排在前面;各不同义项前标以黑体阿拉伯数码11,21,31…等;同一义项中的诸义,相近的用逗号分隔,稍远的用分号分隔。”应该说,这一规定对成语释义同样适用;然而在具体执行时便发生了偏差。如:在clamp词条中,《大词典》收录了put the clamps on,并释义如下:<美俚>钳住,偷得。不言而喻,这是一个多义成语,它列出的两个义项也互不相干,应该设立两个义项,或者至少其间应该用分号隔开。顺便说一句,“钳住”的引申义“restrain or restrict(约束;严加控制)被《大词典》忽略了。这种释义

前后不一的情况,在诸如leave go(of),leave hold of之类被重复的成语条目中并不少见。

4)释义不规范,不准确:《大词典》中少数成语的释义行文欠规范,给人一种硬译的感觉,有些甚至令人费解。例如:在record词条中,《大词典》收录了for the record,释义为“为记录在案目的”。显然,释义行文不合汉语规范,建议改为“供备案用(的)”,report to...for the record就是“上报…备案”的意思。

5)释义义项排列混乱:关于义项排列,词典编纂的习惯做法是本义在前,引申义在后;常用义在前,次常用义在后。《大词典》也遵循了这一惯例,但没有始终如一地贯彻下去。例如:on the line在《大词典》中有3个释义:11<美口>马上,立刻;21(悬挂的图画等)同视平线基本相齐;31在中间,骑墙。这种排列有背常规,正确的顺序应该为2—3—1。

三、成语的语法、语用与语体问题

《大词典》是一部语言大典,应该尽可能多地反映英语语法、语用、语体等方面的语言信息。看得出来,《大词典》在英语成语的语法和语用知识的处理上是花了力气的,但由于没有系统研究和充分吸收国外词典编纂在这方面的成功经验,因而留下了一些本可避免的不足和失误。这里主要讨论它在语体术语的使用和标注上存在的不足。

《大词典》体例中有一些术语的使用显示出“超前性”,而另一些术语的使用又表现出“保守性”,以致在同一体例设计中向读者展示了一对互不相容的原则性的矛盾。在区别词条的语体差异时,《大词典》仍旧采用传统的“书面语”和“口语”的说法。这是其体例的“保守性”的一个例证。从现代语言学角度看,这对用来区别词条的语体差别的术语既不科学也不准确。国外不少学者(如M.A.K.Halliday,D.Tannen, F.N. Akinnaso,E.Ochs,H.S.Bhol等)早在80年代初就对书面语与口语的关系进行了重新评价,认为口语和书面语的文体结构并非对立、排斥,而是互补、共生。因此在词典编纂中反映这种区别实际上是对语言学习和使用的一个误导,而如何把语词的语境含义融汇到词典中使之成为语言知识,才是词典编纂工作者应该解决的问题。我们发现,Collins Cobuild Dictionary of the English L anguage(下文简称Cobuild)和L ongm an Dictionary of Contem porary English(下文简称L DCE)在这方面作了富有成果的尝试。它们不再沿用“口语”(spoken)和“书面语”(written或literary)的说法,改用“非正式用语”(informal)和“正式用语”(formal)的说

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法。这就避免了“口语”和“书面语”带来的上述麻烦,真正客观地反映了语词的实际使用情况,这与词典编纂中的语用学精神也完全一致。L DCE第一版比《大词典》早出版近10年,而Cobuild和L DCE的最新版也比《大词典》早出版两年,然而其中这样一个重大的词典编纂理论上的突破与变革却未引起《大词典》编者的注意,这不能不说是《大词典》体例设计上的失策。

在成语的语体标注上,《大词典》做了不少工作,与以前的英汉词典相比取得了较大进展,但总的说来仍然存在信息不足、标注不准甚至错误的弊病。既然采用了语体标注的方法,就应该尽可能多搜集可靠信息和资料,尽量全面地标注,否则就会适得其反。本来是正式用语或非正式用语,如果不加标注,则会被误认为是中性的。这种情况在《大词典》中并不少见,成语条目也不例外;我们甚至发现了不少错误的标注,有些是以讹传讹。如:leave go(of)的标注就是从《综合英语成语词典》(徐元度等编,1985)中照录而来,而根据《大词典》的体例应该标注为“<口>”,该成语的实际使用也确实如此。

四、成语归纳和收录错误

《大词典》是一部众人合作的大型工具书,其中难免有失误。我们在学习和使用时发现有些成语差异很大,《大词典》却把它们归纳在一起;有些则在它们之间划了等号;有些成语结构相似,而处理方法却不同;有些成语在例证中的形式与词条中的形式不吻合;还有一些则在抄录时出现了差错。下面选择一些归纳和抄录错误列举如下:

11for fun=in fun=out of fun(见p.1283,fun词条)

《大词典》把这三个成语等同起来,其实,这个等式只对了一半;for fun表示“for pleasure”,in fun则与out of fun等同(见Cobuild,fun词条),表示“as a joke, without intending to cause any harm”。A Com prehensive Gram m ar of the English L anguage在9145节的[注]中特别提醒读者注意它们在意义上的差别,并举例如下: He did it for fun.[“with the object of getting amuse2 ment”],He said it in fun.[“jokingly”,“in jest”]。

21play(或wreak,raise,work,make)havoc(with 或among)(见p.1472,havoc词条)

havoc可以与make,play,raise,work,wreak等动词组合构成成语,但它与哪一个动词组合是受其后介词约束的;换句话说,其中用不同的动词就应该有相应的介词与之配合(尽管在有些情况下可以用两个甚至两个以上的介词),而不能“眉毛胡子一把抓”。现将正确表达形式归纳如下:make havoc among(或of),play (或raise)havoc with,work havoc upon(或on),wreak havoc on(或upon,of)。上列有些成语中可以用两个介词,这是因为这两个介词在用法上有时是相通的。

31leave(或let go,lose)hold of(p.1536,hold词条)

这个成语也存在归纳问题。能与hold搭配的动词很多,但能与之组合成成语的动词一般是leave,loosen 或lose。我们查阅了案头所有的工具书,均未发现let go hold of的说法。其实,let go和release,relinquish等动词一样,可以与hold自由搭配,所不同的是hold之前要用限定词(如one’s)。这时,let go是成语,而let go one’s hold of,release one’s hold of,relinquish one’s hold of都是开放类搭配。

41成语收录错误:

词　条 收录错误正确表达

hand lie on sb.πs hand(s)lie on sb.πs hands或lie

on hand

locker go to(或be in)Davy

　Joneπs locker

go to(或be in)Davy

Jonesπs locker

point off from the point off the point或away

　from the point

running out of running out of the running

top below oneπs top blow oneπs top

weight take the weight of take the weight off

　oneπs feet　oneπs feet

另外还有一些体例上的问题,如有些中心词为形容词和过去分词的成语之前有be,而另一些没有;有些及物性成语或成语中的介词之后带有sb.和sth.,而另一些却没有;有些成语中用圆括号表示“可替换成分”,而另一些却圆括号与“或”并用。这方面的情况不少见,就不一一举例了。

收稿日期:1999年1月10日;

修改稿,1999年8月20日;

本刊修订稿,1999年8月29日

通讯地址:510320　广州广东商学院外语系

Email:hmyong@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5c2711723.html,

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四字成语英语翻译

（一）并列关系 名山大川famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation 开拓进取blaze new trails and forge ahead 求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences （二）语意重复 广袤无垠的中华大地the boundless expanse of the Chinese territory 高瞻远瞩的决策a visionary/far-sighted decision 贯彻落实重大决策carry out/ implement a series of major policy decisions 层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after another 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest 延年益寿prolong one’s life 灵丹妙药panacea / miraculous cure 长治久安a long period of stability 求真务实pragmatic 审时度势size up the trend of events 招商引资attract investment 誉满全球举世闻名world-renowned 功在当代，利在千秋in the interest of the current and future generations 继往开来，承前启后(continue the past and open up the future ) break new ground for the future 路遥知马力，日久见人心Time will tell. 吃的苦中苦，方知甜中甜no sweet without sweat 车到山前必有路，船到桥头自然直in the end things mend /there’s always a way out 急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits 大黑扫黄crack down on gangland and pornography

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成语英语翻译大全[1]

成语英语翻译大全 爱屋及乌Love me,love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some,better off than many;tofall short of the best,but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains,not saddenedby personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort;go all out;do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord,no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new;ring out theold year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound lessserious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes;broaden one‘s horizon;be aneye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough;beyond isas wrong as falling short;too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore,one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate,while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect. 金玉满堂Treasures fill the home 脚踏实地be down-to-earth 脚踩两只船sit on the fence 君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure ascrystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green 老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried,cliché 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧"Where there is life,there is hope." 马到成功achieve immediate victory;win instant success 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened 没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms orstandards. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one‘s dear onesfar away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dearmost. 谋事在人，成事在天"The planning lies with man,the outcome withHeaven./Man proposes,God disposes." 弄巧成拙be too smart by half;Cunning outwits itself. 拿手好戏masterpiece

(精品)英语中常见的个中国成语(仅供参考)

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英语成语翻译大全

爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 比上不足，比下有余"worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst 笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 不眠之夜white night 不以物喜，不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one‘s best 不打不成交"No discord, no concord. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 大开眼界open one‘s eyes; broaden one‘s horizon; be an eye-opener 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth 活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones 金无足赤,人无完人Gold can‘t be pure and man can‘t be perfect.

英语常用的120个成语,用于作文中

1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.眼见为实Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 Worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜White night. 6.不以物喜，不以己悲 Not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses. 7.不遗余力Spare no effort; go all out; do one's best. 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙Rob Peter to pay Paul. 10.辞旧迎新 Bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new. 11.大事化小小事化了 Try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all.

12.大开眼界 Open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener. 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace. 14.过犹不及 Going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little. 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 Once on shore, one prays no more. 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎Let bygones be bygones. 2017.4.6

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中国成语的英语翻译 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙 rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones 21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect. 22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home. 23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth 24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence 25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green 26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché 27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity. 28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope. 29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success 30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth 31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened

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英语成语翻译精选 有相当一部分成语可以用英语直接翻译出来，这样非常方便我们记忆。 （1）bad egg坏蛋，歹徒。 Trust him nothing；he is a bad egg。别信他，他是个坏蛋。 （2）crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪，假慈悲。 Don’t weep crocodile tears with his misfortune. I know you have always detested him and are only too happy to see him get into trouble。别假惺惺地为他的不幸难过了，我知道你一直讨厌他，看到他倒霉，心里可高兴哩！ （3）cry wolf呼喊“狼来了”，发假情报。 That politician cries wolf in every speech he makes。那个政治家在他的每篇演说中都发假警报。 （4）（that is）easier said than done说起来容易做起来难。 Easier said than done，let’s pay more attention to practice.

说起来容易做起来难，让我们多注意些实践吧！ （5）fish in troubled waters混水摸鱼，乘人之危。 He’s always been good at fishing in troubled waters; he made a lot of money by buying houses that were bombed in the war.他总是善于乘人之危大捞一把，他靠购买在战争中遭过轰炸的房屋而赚了大量的钱财。 （6）fish out of water离水之鱼，不得其所。 She felt like a fish of water at the evening party because she knew no one. 她在晚会上感到很局促，因为她一个人也不认识。 （7）gives someone an inch and he will take an ell得寸进尺。 If you give those people an inch，they’ll take an ell；we told them they might use our side path to reach their garden，now they have fenced in the path so that we cannot use it ourselves.那些人就是得寸进尺；我们对他们说，他们可以经过我们的小道进他们的花园，现

60个中国成语英文翻译

60个中国成语英文翻译 1.爱屋及乌 Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实） Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余 Worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜 White night 6.不以物喜不以己悲 Not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力 Spare no effort; go all out; do one's best 8.不打不成交 No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙

Rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新 Bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new 11.大事化小小事化了 Try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界 Open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及 Going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼 Once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide. 18.和气生财

中国成语的英语经典翻译

（一）并列关系 名山大川 famous mountains and great rivers 名胜古迹 scenic spots and historical sites 湖光山色 landscape of lakes and hills 青山绿水 green hills and clear waters 奇松怪石 strangely-shaped pines and grotesque rock formations 平等互利 equality and mutual benefit 扬长避短 play up strengths and avoid weaknesses 反腐倡廉 fight corruption and build a clean government 简政放权streamline administration and institute decentralization 集思广益 draw on collective wisdon and absorb all useful ideas 国泰民安 the country flourish and the people live in peace and harmony 政通人和 the government functions well and people cooperate well 国计民生national welfare and the people’s livelihood 辞旧迎新 bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new 徇私舞弊 bend the law for personal gain and engage in fraud 流连忘返 linger on with no thought of leaving for home 国际局势复杂多变the complex and volatile international situation

英译汉常用成语

英译常用的100个中国成语 [日期：2012-07-13] 来源：作者：[字体：大中小] 1.爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog. 2.百闻不如一见Seeing is believing. 3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst. 4.笨鸟先飞A slow sparrow should make an early start. 5.不眠之夜white night 6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses 7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one\'s best 8.不打不成交No discord, no concord. 9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul 10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year an d ring in th e new

11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all 12.大开眼界open one\'s eyes; broaden one\'s horizon; be an eye-opener 13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace 14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little 15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits. 16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more 17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news s pread far and wide. 18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth. 19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn. 20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones