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英语句子成分结构详解《主谓宾定状补同位语分析》

英语句子成分结构详解《主谓宾定状补同位语分析》
英语句子成分结构详解《主谓宾定状补同位语分析》

英语句子成分结构详解

主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,表语是句子成份

①主语:The sun rises in the east. He likes dancing.

Twenty years is a short time in history. Seeing is believing.

To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

用于说明人或事物执行某一动作,表明“谁”或“什么”。常由名词、代词和数词来担任。

②谓语:She likes music.说明主语的动作或状态,表明“做什么”或“是什么”。常由实义动词或系动词加上表语部分来充当。

③宾语1)动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. He hates you. How many do you need? We need two. We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.

I hope to see you again. Did you write down what he said?

2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks.

3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)

He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.

是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,在谓语之后。如:

He learns English well.他英语学得好。(作动词宾语)

I'm interested in handwriting.我对书法很感兴趣。(作介词宾语)

④补语:We elected him monitor. We will make them happy.

Please make yourself at home. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. Don’t keep the lights burning. I’ll have my bike repaired. 说明宾语、主语“做什么”或“处于某种状态”。常由名词、形容词等词类来担任。如:

The teacher named me Lucy.(名词作补语)

V ery loud noises can make people ill.(形容词作补语)

⑤表语:He is a teacher. Seventy-four! Y ou don’t look it.

Five and five is ten. He is asleep.

The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost.

To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. The question is whether he will come.

放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的成分,表明“什么”,“怎么样”。多由名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词和介词短语来担任。如:

She looks nice.(形容词作表语)

Ann is in the classroom.(介词短语作表语)

⑥定语:用于修饰和限制名词或代词的成分,表明“谁的”、“怎么样”等。多由名词、数词、形容词、代词和介词短语等来充当。如:

Tom is a handsome boy. My friend is a middle school student.

The man with black glasses liked sweet food.There is nothing to do today

⑦状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;

英语语句基本结构分析:

1.S十V句式: 主谓结构

在此句式中,V是不及物动词,(vi.)例如:

He runs quickly.

They listened carefully.

He suffered from cold and hunger.

China belongs to the third world country.

The gas has given out.

2.S十V十P句式:主系表结构

在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,become,turn等。例如:

He is older than he looks.

The story sounds interesting.

The desk feels hard.

The cake tastes nice.

The flowers smell sweet and nicc.

Y ou have grown taller than before.

He becomes a teacher when he grew up.

3.S十V十O句式: 主谓宾结构

在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:

I saw a film yesterday.

Have you read the story?

They found their home easily.

They built a house last year.

They've put up a factory in the village.

They have taken good care of the children.

4.S十V十O1十O2句式: 主谓双宾结构

在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get;rob,warn等。例如:

He gave me a book/a book to me.

He brought me a pen/a pen to me.

He offered me his seat/his seat to me.

5.S十V十O十C句式: 主谓宾补结构

They made the girl angry.

They found her happy that day.

I found him out.

I saw him in.

They named the boy Charlie.

I saw him come in and go out.

They felt the car moving fast.

I heard the glass broken just now.

He found the doctor of study closed to him.

初中英语句子成分详解

英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分,此句为: The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 (一)、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候,首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”?或者是一件“什么事”?或者是一件“什么物体”,等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分,它可能是一个词,也可能是一个词组,还有可能是一个从句,甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以,英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外,英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”,例如:It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. (名词作主语) 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. (不定式短语作主语) 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. (从句作主语) 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. (二)、谓语

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固

第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补) 除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线(一行点使我们想到一 排钉子,“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”) 状语下面为短横线(短横线使我们想到短 木桩,木桩撞(状)钟) 补语上一短横,下一短横(下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙) 同位语上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构: 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词(如the rich) 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. (2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如: We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语,并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.

英语句子结构分析报告讲解

定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分; 主要成分:主语和谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词) What he has said is true. (句子) 找出下列句中的主语:1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.

7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. (名词) She didn't say anything. (代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词) They asked to see my passport. (不定式) I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)

高中英语句子成分划分详解(全)

Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:

There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before.名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday.

英语句子成分分析大全

英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成,即主语和谓语,它们是句子的主要成分。 句子的次要成分包括宾语(包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语), 表语,定语(包括前置定语及后置定语),状 语,同位语(包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语), 补语及呼语。 一.主语:是一句话的中心,整句话都谈它的情况。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. (时光飞逝。) 这两句话中分别由代词They ,名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语:是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或者状态。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当,因此动词不定式、动名词、不能作谓语。 且谓语动词可以体现时态,单复数的语法现象。 如:They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. (他喜欢唱歌。) 这两句话分别由动词were (are 的过去式),enjoys singing (enjoy doing动词短语)作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态,且主语的人称为第一人称,enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时,且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语:表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如: I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.(我喜欢中国菜。) 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ,名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语: 有的动词能够接双宾语,直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如:He gave me a book.(他给了我一本书) He gave a book to me 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 又如:My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语, me 为间接宾语。 四.表语:用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后,其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 系动词:看起来闻起来听起来感觉起来总是保持三变。 look smell sound feel be keep get seem turn become 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers,形容词 kind 作表语。 五.定语:是用来说明或限制名词的成分,可分为前置定语和后置定语,常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前,构成前置定语;相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面,构成后置定语。

英语句子成分及结构专题讲解学习

一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:主谓宾,定状补)除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系,能用作独立成分的有:感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首,通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有:①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词(如the rich)⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如:Tom is a clever boy.(专有名词人名作主语) 画出句子的主语,并说明其构成方式: ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式

英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习

主语(subject ): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语(predicative ): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound (听起来), look (看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain (保持,仍是), feel (感觉) ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语: 1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don ’t let him do that. (省to 不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to 不定式) Don ’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I ’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 主补:对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.(不定式) You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)

英语句子成分很详细的分析

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英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解

初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词造句,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如: He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如: He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。如: He bought me a book. Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如: Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)

【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习全集及解析

【英语】英语句子结构与成分练习全集及解析 一、句子结构与成分 1.The sentence structure of "They talked for an hour." is " ". A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+A 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:句子"They talked for an hour."的结构是什么?A.主语+谓语+宾语; B.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语; C.主语+谓语+状语。they是主语;talked是谓语;for an hour是状语,故选C。 【点评】考查句子结构,注意平时识记其分类。 2.John calls his dog Eddie. The structure of the sentence is _______. A. S+V+O B. S+V+P C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:约翰叫他的狗Eddie.这个句子的结构是_____________.根据句子可知这个句子的结构是:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。故答案为D。 【点评】考查句子成分。牢记句子成分。 3.This cake is really big. _______ share it. A. May be we can B. We may be can C. Maybe we can D. Maybe can we 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意“蛋糕真的很大,也许我们可以分享它”。maybe为副词,也许,可能,放于句首。may be中may是情态动词,be是动词原形,为系表结构,译为“也许是,可能是”。根据句意,故选C。 【点评】此题考查简单句和副词的用法。 4.What is the sentence pattern(句型)of the sentence"Linda bought a book yesterday."?A. S+V B. S+V+O C. S+V +IO +DO D. S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:"Linda bought a book yesterday."属于哪种句型。A是主谓结构;B 是主谓宾结构;C是主谓+间接宾语+直接宾语;D是主谓+宾语+宾补。Linda是主语(S);bought是谓语动词(V),a book是宾语(O);故答案为C。 【点评】考查简单句的基本结构。 5.The young man ________ glasses is my teacher. A. wear B. wears C. put on D. with 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意:带着眼镜的年轻人是我的老师。这个句子是简单句,根据is可知句子结构是系表结构,wear穿着,戴着,动词,put on穿上,戴上,动词短语,所以A,B,C三个选项都不正确,故选D。

英语句子成分划分详解

概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如: 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语:争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事(句子)《例:张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如: There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it 作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如: He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事

英语句子成分讲解

句子结构成份讲解及练习题 主语:就是一个句子述的对象,或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如:我看书。谁看书? “我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我” 干什么?“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 宾语:指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用 宾格。如:还说上例。谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 表语:是和系动词紧密相连的。在述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是 名词性的词,也可以是从句。表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

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