增加英语作文得分亮点

高三英语写作导学案2012-02-20

增加英语作文的得分亮点

编写：贺锡强审核：高三英语组

在英语高考中，每一位考生都想写出满分作文，取得好成绩。但如何才能在高考中写出高分作文？什么样的作文才能得到满分？我认为要写出好文章，一定要知道高考书面表达的评分标准，了解优秀作文的写作特点。根据高考作文评分标准和满分文的特点，优秀的作文不仅要尝试使用高级词汇和较复杂句型，而且要注意文章的通顺和连贯、过渡和衔接等，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给阅卷老师留下深刻印象，从而得到高分。下面我提出以下三个增加高考作文的得分亮点。

一、给词汇增加亮点

1.多用情感方面的词语

例如：frustrated/frustrating，awkward ，awfully，pessimistic ，traditionally，luckily/fortunately, obviously/apparently, deeply, to one’s delight/satisfaction

/disappointment ,heart and soul等，这类词语的使用可增强文章的醒目性和感染力，容易引起阅卷老师的共鸣。再如good可对应具体意义的词generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle ，hospitable等。用这些词可使意义更加具体生动，表述更加地道。

________________(被他的努力深深感动), we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest. ______________________________(因为幽默和好客), I’m easy to get along with.

2.词汇的多样性

英语中大多数的单词不只有一种词性，有的需要利用构词法进行词性转换。如若转换成另一种词性的形式来表达，就显得多样了。摆脱了千人一面的窘境，会给阅卷老师带来耳目一新的感觉。如：

develop rapidly→

increase steadily→decrease sharply→

It’s very beneficial/ important/helpful/valuable. →

3.同义词的使用

善用同义词是优秀作文的一大优点。英语中，有些词或词组的使用率相当高，比如clever, beautiful, useful等，在表达时大家都喜欢用，这很容易是文章落入俗套。但如果我们恰当地使用它们相应的同义词或同义词组，就可以做到与众不同，给平淡的文章增添亮色，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。如：

clever→more and more people→

beautiful→so→

useful→in fact→

thank →cause→

like→I think→

want to do→have a good time→

Y ou’d better→

4.恰当利用短语取代单词

单词的合理运用是优秀作在英语高考中，每一位考生都想写出满分作文，取得好成绩。但如何才能在高考中写出高分作文？什么样的作文才能得到满分？我认为要写出好文章，一定要知道高考书面表达的评分标准，了解优秀作文的写作特点。根据高考作文评分标准和满分文的特点，优秀的作文不仅要尝试使用高级词汇和较复杂句型，而且要注意文章的通顺和连贯、过渡和衔接等，以凸显文章的亮点，使文章增添文采，给阅卷老师留下深刻印象，从而得到高分。下面我提出以下三个增加高考作文的得分亮点。

二、给词汇增加亮点

2.多用情感方面的词语

例如：frustrated/frustrating，awkward ，awfully，pessimistic ，traditionally，luckily/fortunately, obviously/apparently, deeply, to one’s delight/satisfaction

/disappointment ,heart and soul等，这类词语的使用可增强文章的醒目性和感染力，容易引起阅卷老师的共鸣。再如good可对应具体意义的词generous，humorous，interesting，smart，gentle ，hospitable等。用这些词可使意义更加具体生动，表述更加地道。

________________(被他的努力深深感动), we tried our best and won the first prize in the contest. ______________________________(因为幽默和好客), I’m easy to get along with.

2.词汇的多样性

英语中大多数的单词不只有一种词性，有的需要利用构词法进行词性转换。如若转换成另一种词性的形式来表达，就显得多样了。摆脱了千人一面的窘境，会给阅卷老师带来耳目一新的感觉。如：

develop rapidly→

increase steadily→decrease sharply→

It’s very beneficial/ important/helpful/valuable. →

3.同义词的使用

善用同义词是优秀作文的一大优点。英语中，有些词或词组的使用率相当高，比如clever, beautiful, useful等，在表达时大家都喜欢用，这很容易是文章落入俗套。但如果我们恰当地使用它们相应的同义词或同义词组，就可以做到与众不同，给平淡的文章增添亮色，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。如：

clever→more and more people→

beautiful→so→

useful→in fact→

thank →cause→

like→I think→

want to do→have a good time→

Y ou’d better→

4.恰当利用短语取代单词

单词的合理运用是优秀作文的基本要素，而恰当地运用短语清楚，连贯的传递信息更能增添句子的文采，避免词语单调，乏味。如：

文的基本要素，而恰当地运用短语清楚，连贯的传递信息更能增添句子的文采，避免词语单调，乏味。如：

decide →be determined/make up one’s mind

Suddenly I had a good idea. →All of a sudden a good idea occurred to me.

I tried hard to understand what was happening. →

He began to realize the importance of English study. →

三、给句型增加亮点

单调的句式和结构、长度相等的句子会使文章呆板单调，缺乏生气和活力，而灵活多变的句式则使行文丰富多彩，生动、自然、流畅。感叹句、倒装句、复合句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）、强调句型、非谓语动词等语法结构的正确使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好的反映出作者的语言运用能力。

1.长短句变换：简单句、并列句和复合句交替运用

长句表述具体、说理严密，长于论述推理；短句简洁明快、精炼扼要、明白易懂，长于描述动作、表明主旨、总结归纳。既然各有所长，在写作时应根据实际需要，交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句，以达到“长短错落有致，句式丰富多样”的效果，给阅卷老师以新鲜感。

（1）复合句和并列句之间的转换

If you study hard, you’ll make great progress. →

If you don’t start off early, you will be late for the first bus. →

(2)并列句和简单句之间的转换

We had many difficulties, but we managed to settle the problem. →

She wanted to become a college student, so she studied hard. →

（3）非谓语动词短语可以变复合句为简单句，产生简洁明快、节奏紧凑、表意灵巧的效果：

①名词性从句与非谓语动词结构的转化

That he had passed the game delighted his parents. →

②定语从句与非谓语动词结构的转化

The questions (which were) discussed at the meeting are of great importance.

③状语从句与非谓语动词结构的转化

Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. →

2主动式和被动式的交替使用

We all know that doing exercise is beneficial to health. →

T oday , we use computers not only in our work but also in our everyday life . →

3.肯定式与否定式的交替使用

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. →

I will try my best not to let them down. →I will try my best to live up to their expectations.

4.某些插入语或修饰成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面，还可以用在中间。

In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication. →

Speaking is, in fact, one of the most important means of communication.

5.正常语序和倒装语序的交替使用

Our library lies in the center of our school. →

We can achieve success in this way. →

We didn’t realize the importance of environmental protection until the 1980s→

If I had worked hard at school, my life today would be quite different. →

6.强调句型等固定句型的合理运用

Love and concern have brought about the great changes. →

How can we improve our English? →

7.with复合结构的使用

With trees and flowers in the school yard, my school looks like a big garden.

8.巧妙使用英语谚语，使文章说理透彻，增强说服力。

If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome ”, you will enjoy your stay here.

词的多样性和语法结构必须建立在语言的准确性的基础上。语言的准确性是写作得分的基本保障，语言准确性和词汇的多样性及语法结构直接决定了我们的最终得分。

三、使结构紧凑，给文章增加亮点

评分标准指出，书面表达应该注意上下文的连贯性，并能有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。此处所说的连贯性，是指句与句、段与段之间以一种明晰的、合乎逻辑的顺序组织与安排，做到在文意与结构上层次分明，条理清楚，连贯流畅。

1、整体谋篇，合理布局

如果考生作文没有层次，一段到底，势必会影响作文得分。好的作文要有合理的段落层次，条理清晰。根据英语文体的特点，写高考作文时，一般将文章分为三段：开头段提出问题和论点；正文部分围绕主题讨论，列出论据；结尾部分得出结论，强化主题。每个段落要有一个主题句和2-3个支撑句。作文教学中进行“十句三段作文”训练法。

开头部分（opening）------说出文中要叙说的中心问题。

正文部分（body）------围绕主题开展叙说或讨论。

结尾部分（conclusion）------对全文进行总结和概括。

2 、确定主题句

主题句是文章的主旨，它能起到“画龙点睛”的作用。它通常出现在文章的开头、而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释、扩展。在确定主题句前，应首先根据写作要求，列出你要写的文章的要点，然后从中提炼出一句具有概括性的话，即文章的主题句。例如:2011年湖北高考作文的主题句：

Y ears of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me.

主题句应力求句子完整、语法正确，具有吸引力和可读性。

3、拓展主题句，注意连贯与流畅

主题句仅仅是文章的主旨和大意，要使文章变得有血有肉既要展开主题句，并考虑如何组织安排语句，用一些衔接手段使句子、语段与语段之间建立起各种各样的语意关系，并使整个语篇在意义上具有连贯性。衔接手段主要包括使用过渡词衔接、巧用词汇和语法等几个方面。其中，正确使用过渡词或过渡句是最常用的手段，它能使文章结构严谨、自然流畅、富有节奏。高中写作文经常

用到的连接词有：

(1) 表示添加信息的：

also ，besides ，furthermore ，in addition，what is more ，what’s worse ，worse still

(2) 表示转折关系的：

but ，however ，in spite of ，although，while，otherwise，on the contrary ，on the other hand (3) 表示因果关系的：

so，far ，therefore，as a result，because，owing to，due to，thanks to，on account of ，since，consequently，as a consequence，thus

(4) 表示解释、说明关系的：

as a matter of fact，in fact ，such as，for example/instance，that is，that is to say，in other words，to tell you the truth ，according to，after all

(5) 表示条件关系的：

as (so) long as ，on condition that ，if ，unless，suppose ，supposing

(6) 表示强调的：

above all ，first of all ，indeed ，certainly ，no doubt ，without any doubt ，obviously ，especially ，in particular ，to be sure

(7) 表示时间顺序关系的：

now ，after a while ，at first，to begin with，later ，finally , all of a sudden ,

at that moment ,as soon as , form now on, meanwhile , in the end , eventually

(8) 表示空间顺序关系的：

on the right/left , on the side of , at the end of ,on the other side of ,at the foot/top/end

in the middle/center/back/front of , here ，there , above , below , beyond , nearby

4、文末结论，首尾呼应

2011年福建高考英语作文的结尾段：

Obviously, without the help of the whole society, there would be no new school today. It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. Many hands make light work. W e can work wonders if we unite as a family, caring for each other and helping those in need. Union is strength.

文章的结尾常用来概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表述得更加明晰、深刻，也使文章首尾呼应、结构完整、连贯自然。用于结论段的常用语有：Obviously…显然……All in all/ In a word…总之……

In conclusion/ T o conclude/ T o sum up…综上所述……

In my personal opinion…在我看来……

In brief…简言之……Thus, it can be concluded that…因此，我们可以得知……

综上所述，考生要想在高考英语书面表达中获得理想分数，就要在平时多练多写，多背优秀的范文。写作文时做到语言丰富，行文连贯，过渡自然，表达地道，自然就会写出优秀的英语作文，从而在高考中获得高分。

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presently 现在;此刻 now 现在 (二)有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。 after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地;当然地after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此;结果 also/too 并且;又 for example 例如 at the same time 同时 for instance 例如 beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的 Besides/what,s more 而且;此外 from now on 从此 in addition 此外 second 第二;第二点 in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二 in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地 in other words 换句话说 so 所以 in particular 特别(地) soon 不久 in the same way 同样地 still 仍然 by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后

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