《科技英语》综合复习资料
《科技英语》综合复习资料
Part I Vocabulary and Structure（词汇与结构）
1. As parts of the world become ______, millions of people will try to migrate to more ______ areas.
A. hospitable… uninhabitable
B. uninhabitable… hospitable
C. habitable… inhospitable
D. inhospitable … uninhabitable
2. A(n) ______ is someone who is being considered for a position, for example someone who is running in
an election or applying for a job.
A. astronomer
B. scientist
C. candidate
D. researcher
3. There are scientific satellites in __________ that measure wave heights, but too few to give reliable
worldwide coverage.
A. mark
B. orbit
C. store
D. line
4. The first-year courses provide short introductions to these areas, while the second-year courses
__________ the areas in greater depth.
A. classify
B. investigate
C. clear
D. examine
5. Their marriage was in danger of breaking up last year but it seems quite ______ now.
A. favorable
B. critical
C. profitable
D. stable
6. If individuals are awakened each time as they began a dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become
irritable even if their total amount of sleep has been ______.
A. efficient
B. sufficient
C. deficient
D. proficient
7. Linda didn’t like the work because it lacked __________; she was doing the same thing all the time.
A. anxiety
B. priority
C. variety
D. society
8. She wanted to ask him all about his private life, but wisely __________ herself.
A. rescued
B. held
C. restrained
D. curbed
9. After he was attacked, he managed to __________ to the phone and call for help.
A. pound
B. come
C. turn
D. stagger
10. The issue was whether or not the bacteria (细菌) in his body would __________ the local ecosystem.
A. break
B. balance
C. contaminate
D. contain
11. Moving to a new school can __________ a child’s education, especially between the ages of eleven and
sixteen.
A. upset
B. balance
C. disrupt
D. disorder
12. China’s news media is following world trend by marketization and __________into enterprises.
A. conversion
B. translation
C. transplanting
D. transforming
13. Up to 22 people were killed and 187 others injured in a suicide bomb attack which ______ a
demonstration in a northern Iraqi city.
A. transported
B. targeted
C. yielded
D. aimed
14. The general secretary’s decision to inv est was a ______ mistake, resulting in a heavy loss of money.
A. firm
B. private
C. costly
D. incentive
15. I feel nervous about the ______ of the experiment as it determines the future of this domain.
A. outcome
B. outlook
C. output
D. outline
16. Once attached to the host Program, the computer viruses then look for other programs to ______.
A. affect
B. effect
C. infect
D. perfect
17. Their government always looks at problems from the financial viewpoint, and the social ______ is
never considered.
A. inspect
B. prospect
C. aspect
D. respect
18. One’s appearance does not always ______ with his quality, so don’t judge people by looks.
A. compare
B. coincide
C. collide
D. content
19. We work best in a peaceful and comfortable __________ so as to increase our productivity and relieve
our exhaustion.
A. pace
B. atmosphere
C. rhyme
D. hemisphere
20. The new _________ of this dictionary has not been in use yet, but its appearance has aroused quite a lot
of attention.
A. vision
B. version
C. variation
D. verification
21. The news slowly __________ through to everyone in the office; finally everybody felt worried about
the uncertainty of the future.
A. melted
B. froze
C. filtered
D. flowed
22. We do remember your initial objections, but unfortunately you didn’t place them ______.
A. in register
B. to document
C. in between
D. on record
23. The cost may be lower than we first thought, but ______ it will still be quite substantial.
A. in no case
B. in any case
C. in case of
D. in case
24. Sometimes you can _______ valuable antiques by chance – for example when you’re clearing out an
old building.
A. come by
B. come in
C. come out
D. come down
25. Obviously you came here intending to _______ the United States and you will need a work visa.
A. rest with
B. resort to
C. render into
D. reside in
26. The new ______ edition of this book focuses specifically on the complexities of grammatical choices
that students need to master.
A. altered
B. converted
C. modified
D. revised
27. The poor condition of this apartment block is a danger to all its __________.
A. habitats
B. inhabitants
C. habits
D. inherits
28. Enough lava had __________ from the volcano to bury the entire village.
A. disrupted
B. splashed
C. erupted
D. spilt
29. You are legally ______ to take faulty goods back to the store where you bought them.
A. devoted
B. entitled
C. accessed
D. contributed
30. Time and time again, women seem to ______ on promotion and career opportunities.
A. fall out
B. lose out
C. wipe out
D. put out
31. _______ in the office had a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience.
A. Someone
B. Anyone
C. No one
D. Everyone
32. Rod is determined to get a seat for the concert ______ it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as if
B. provided
C. even if
D. whatever
33. This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.
A. familiar
B. popular
C. similar
D. Particular
34. _____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
A. Being bitten
B. Bitten
C. Having been bitten
D. To be bitten
35. The morning paper ______a story about demonstrations in New York and Washington D.C..
A. carried
B. extended
C. brought
D. took
Part II Identification（判断正误）
1. No sooner had they entered the room when the telephone rang.
2. As a graduate from high school, Tom is faced with three choices: attending college, finding a job or joining the army.
3. It was his nervousness in the interview which probably caused him to lose the job.
4. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting though you don’t mind taking the night train.
5. Why not stay at home now that the road is so slippery after the heavy snow？
6. But for the help of my English teacher, I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
7 .Those brave army soldiers would rather die with their heads high than lived with their knees bent.
8. It is no good try to remember grammatical rules. You need to practice what you have learned.
9. The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
10. Over the past 20 years, the internet has helped change our world in either way or another
for the better.
Part III Word-filling (单词填空)
1. Georgia said it would take a_____（咄咄逼人的）diplomatic steps to respond to the Russian action in order to defend its rights.
2. In most western countries, upon reaching an a____（适当的）age, children are encouraged, but not forced, to ―leave the nest‖.
3. Among all the voting people, the great majority agreed to a _____(废除) this kind of cruel punishment as it is against morality.
4. It took the authorities a long time to make ___(identify) of the accident victims.
5. Supplies may___(fluctuation) according to seasonal availability but you’ll always find a wide selection.
6. The ____ (extract) of mineral resources from the ground has left huge scars on the landscape.
7. The inflation rate cannot be properly ____(quantity) but the official figure is 46%.
8. He is very aggressive, totally ___(dominant) everyone he works with.
9. Many experts gave opinions at the meeting, but u___(最终地) the decision lay with the president before it was released to the public.
10. He condemned the w___(浪费) of having everyone driving around in private cars instead of using public transport.
Part IV Sentence translation（句子翻译）
A. E-C Translation（英汉翻译）
1. But dependency is no vice when the habit is healthful —and you don’t have to be an Olympian to benefit.
2. Despite our preference for giving up privacy in exchange for convenience, our experiences online may make us yearn for the anonymity of the past.
3. While cautioning that margin of error was large enough for render data from the early centuries untrustworthy, they found that 20th century was the warmest of the millennium.
4. There has been some concern that the larger denomination notes — a 500 note is worth approximately 315 at the current exchange rate — will be rich pickings for counterfeiters, especially in the early days as people get used to the new currency.
5. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities.
B. C-E Translation（汉英翻译）
1. 请允许我向你的成功表示祝贺。(congratulate on)
2. 管理者的层次越低，越有可能花时间去执行非管理性任务。(the mor e…, the mor e…)
3. 山起着稳定地球外壳的作用。（play a role in）
4. 他日益发现一份奔波于全球的职业同传统的家庭生活很难兼具。(combine with)
5. 任何人也不能把台湾从中国分离出去。(separate... from)
Part V Reading Comprehension(阅读理解)
Passage 1
Geology is a natural science. With it men can discover all kinds of useful minerals. Geology studies the earth. But of the three spheres, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere, it only directly studies the lithosphere. It studies the composition and distribution of material in the earth’s crust. It studies also the formation, changes and development of rocks and minerals in the earth’s crust.
Geology is a very complex science. There are many branches in geology. Mineralogy is the science of the minerals. Petrology is the science of the rocks. Geomorphology deals with origin of landscapes and changes in them. Historical geology traces the evolution and development of the earth and of the animals and plants on it. Stratigraphy studies the sequence of the rocks in the earth’s crust. Paleontology deals with the ancient animals and plants. These are just a few of the most important branches of geology.
Geology is a very important science. We depend upon geology for the discovery of mineral deposits needed by the various industries. A lot of minerals are used as fuel and raw materials. Without them industrialization is impossible. Minerals are also used as fertilizers in agriculture. China is very rich in mineral deposits of all kinds. The study of geology will help us to discover them.
Petroleum occurs widely in the earth as gas, liquid, semisolid, or solid, or in more than one of these states at a single place. Chemically any petroleum is an extremely complex mixture of hydrocarbon (hydrogen and carbon) compounds, with minor amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur as impurities. Liquid petroleum, which is called crude oil to distinguish it from refined oil, is the most important commercially. It consists chiefly of the liquid hydrocarbons, with varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and impurities.
Petroleum gas, commonly called natural gas to distinguish it from manufactured gas, consists of the lighter paraffin hydrocarbons, of which the most abundant is methane gas (CH4). The semisolid and solid forms of petroleum consist of the heavy hydrocarbons and bitumens.
Geology plays an important role in the search for oil and natural gas. Four prerequisites are necessary for oil (and gas) to accumulate in commercial quantities in an area: (1) The oil originates in a source bed, and a marine shale, once a black mud rich in organic compounds, is thought to be a common source rock.
(2) The oil then migrates to a permeable reservoir rock, and to do this it may travel for long distances both vertically and horizontally. Oil cannot move through the tiny openings of the shale source beds rapidly enough to be extracted profitably. (3) A nonpermeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed. Since oil is lighter than water, it tends to move upward through openings and cracks until it encounters impervious beds that it cannot penetrate. The oil may then accumulate beneath the impervious layers. Some gas occurs in solution within the oil, and if enough is present it separates out to occupy the uppermost region of such a trap. (4) A favorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil and anticlines, salt plugs, and faults are common examples. A fault zone may itself be impervious, or faulting may have shifted an impervious bed so that it now blocks a reservoir bed. Stratigraphic traps tend to be more difficult to locate and may form where tilted reservoir beds are overlain unconformably by impervious layers or where the reservoir beds become thinner up-dip and wedge out within enclosing impervious beds. Thus oil that was once distributed in sparse amounts throughout a very large volume of rock may now be richly concentrated within the uppermost portions of favorable reservoir rocks.
The task of the geologist is the location of promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable
for the occurrence of the other prerequisites. Drilling a hole is then the only known method of determining whether or not oil is present in the structure.
1. What is mainly dealt with in the passage?
A. The formation of oil.
B. The formation of rocks.
C. The general introduction of geology.
D. The roles of geology in finding oil.
2. Geology is a natural science and it does NOT study______.
A. the minerals in the earth’s crust
B. the rocks in the earth’s crust
C. the evolution and development of the earth
D. the origin of the atmosphere surrounding the earth
3. One prerequisite for oil to accumulate in quantity is that the oil originates in ______.
A. a source rock
B. a black mud
C. the seawater
D. organic compounds
4. In the formation of oil, a nonpermeable layer above a reservoir bed is necessary because it can ______.
A. accelerate the travel speed of the oil
B. hinder the oil to move upward
C. help the oil to move upward
D. help people to discover the oil
5. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Drilling a hole is one of the known methods of determining whether or not oil is present in the
structure.
B. A geologist usually tries to locate promising structures in regions where rocks are favorable for the
occurrence of the other prerequisites.
C. An unfavorable structure must exist to concentrate the oil.
D. A permeable layer must occur above a reservoir bed.
Passage 2
In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make
definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotle’s theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newton’s theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy.
Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory.
The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state.
It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with
each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits.
Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories — the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other — they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both — a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.
6. According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for ______.
A. a model of the universe
B. a restricted part of the universe
C. a set of rules
D. a reality
7. The difference between Aristotle’s theory and Newton’s theory is ______.
A. Aristotle’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newton’s cannot.
B. Newton’s theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
C. Aristotle’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newton’s cannot.
D. Newton’s theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotle’s cannot.
8. The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _________.
A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories
B. to invent one theory to describe the whole universe
C. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanics
D. to study the origin of the universe
9．It is described in Newton’s theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is ______.
A. inversely proportional to their mass
B.inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
C. proportional to the square of the distance between them
D. proportional to the constitution of them
10．According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are ______.
A. Newton’s theory of gravity and the general theory of relativity
B. Newton’s theory of gravity and quantum mechanics
C. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics
D. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity
Passage 3
So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as if no value or importance. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished, the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave. A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the necessity of earning a living and supporting his family.
The antithesis to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.
Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer. Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of coronaries and forget their wives’ birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.
What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.
Technology and the division of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for
special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. Th e role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase ―getting one’s teeth into a problem.‖
11. From the point view of the author, labor is ______ for it.
A. a voluntary job to a person, and society pays no money
B. an enjoyable job to a person, and society pays no money
C. a joyless job to a person, but society pays money
D. a manual job to a person, but society pays money
12. According to the passage, one isn’t happy if he ______.
A. is compelled to take a job
B. has to work unnecessarily long time
C. earns little money by doing a job
D. has too little money to support his family
13. The author considers play as ______.
A. an enjoyable and private activity
B. a helpful and public activity
C. a forced and private activity
D. a voluntary and public activity
14. A job can be classified as labor or work, depending on ______.
A. whether the job is easy or hard
B. whether it is a manual or mental job
C. the taste of the individual who does the job
D. the payment of the job
15. The author says that the division of labor and technology has all the following effects on the labor EXCEPT ______.
A. turning enjoyable work into boring labor
B. reducing the number of laboring hours
C. decreasing productivity
D. eliminating the need for special skill
Passage 4
I spent some of the most exciting days of my life working on the eastern shores of Kenya’s Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors. We did not always find what we wanted, but every day there was much more to discover than the traces of our own predecessors. The fossils, some quite complete, others mere fragments, spoke of another world in which the ancestors of many of today’s African mammals roamed in the rich grassland and forest fringes between 1.5 million and 2 mil lion years ago. The environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today, but it was full of amazing animals that are now long extinct.
One in particular I would have loved to see alive was a short-necked giraffe relative that had huge ―antlers‖, some with a span across the horns of close to almost 3 meters. There were buffalo-size antelopes with massive curving horns, carnivores that must have looked like saber-toothed lions, two distinct species of hippo and at least two types of elephants. We may never know the full extent of this incredible mammalian diversity, but there were probably more than twice as many species a million years ago as there are today.
That was true not just for Africa. The fossil record tells the same stor y everywhere. Most of life’s experiments have ended in extinction. It is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 600 million years are gone.
So, should we be concerned about the current spasm of extinction, which has been accelerated by the
inexorable expansion of agriculture and industry? Is it necessary to try to slow down a process that has been going on forever?
I believe it is. We know that the well-being of human race is tied to the well-being of many other spec ies, and we can’t be sure which species are most important to our own survival.
But dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter, since much of the world’s biodiversity resides in its poorest nations, especially in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Can such countries justify setting aside national parks and nature reserves where human encroachment and even access is forbidden? Is it legitimate to spend large sums of money to save some species —be it an elephant or an orchid —in a nation in which a sizable percentage of the people are living below the poverty line?
Such questions make me uneasy about promoting wildlife conservation in impoverished nations. Nonetheless, I believe that we can —and should —do a great deal. It’s a matter of changin g priorities. Plenty of money is available for scientific field studies and conferences on endangering species. But what about boots and vehicles for park personnel who protect wildlife from poachers? What about development aid to give local people economic alternatives to cutting forests and plowing over the land? That kind of funding is difficult to come by.
People in poor countries should not be asked to choose between their own short-term survival and long-term environmental needs. If their governments are willing to protect the environment, the money needed should come from international sources. To me, the choice is clear. Either the more affluent world helps now or the world as a whole will lose out.
Of course, we must be careful not to allow the establishment of slush funds or rely on short-term, haphazard handouts that the world would probably go to waste. We need a permanent global endowment devoted to wildlife protection, funded primarily by the governments of the industrial nations and international aid agencies. The principal could remain invested in the donor nations as the interest flowed steadily into conservation efforts.
How to use those funds would be a matter of endless debate. Should local communities be entitled to set the agenda, or should outside experts take control? Should limited hunting be allowed in parks, or should they be put off limits? Mistakes will be made, the landscape will keep changing, and species will still be lost, but the difficulty of the task should not lead us to abandon hope. Many of the planet’s natural habitats are gone forever, bur many others can be saved and in time restored.
A major challenge for the 21st century is to preserve as much of our natural estate as possible. Let us
resist with all our efforts any moves to reduce the amount of wild land available for wild species. And let us call upon the world’s richest nations to provide the money to make that possible. That would not be a contribution to charity; it would be an investment in the future of humanity —and all life on Earth.
16. The purpose of the author’s work on the eastern shores of Lake Turkana was ______.
A. to discover the fossil history of African mammals
B. to search for the traces of the extinct animal species
C. to discover the fossils of human being’s predecessors
D. to study the fragments of the fossils of the ancestors of African mammals
17. The following is true EXCEPT ______.
A. The welfare of the human species is bound up with that of the other species.
B. Human development in agriculture and industry speeds up the process of distinction of some species.
C. Fossil history suggests that 95% of the species will be a failure in their struggles for survival.
D. The process of the extinction of species seems to be going on ceaselessly.
18. To which of the following would the author probably say ―No‖?
A. Should we be concerned about the extinction of the species, which has been accelerated by the
expansion of agriculture and industry?
B. Should a nation, most of whose people are still living below the poverty line, spend large sums of
money to preserve species?
C. Is it necessary to provide woodcutters in poverty-stricken nations with the economic alternatives to
making a living on cutting down trees?
D. Is it necessary to change our priorities and provide more equipment and support for wildlife
protection personnel?
19. The author’s main purpose of writing this article is ______.
A. to champion a global fund mainly from the affluent nations and international efforts to preserve the
wildlife
B. to warn the rich nations against the losing out in protecting the global environment
C. to persuade the impoverished people to sacrifice their short-term benefit for long-term protection of
the biodiversity
D. to take into account the difficulty of wildlife protection and stop endless debate
20. The author’s attitude towards preserving the natural habitats is ______.
A. uncertain
B. positive
C. hopeless
D. Uneasy
Passage 5
During the century the petroleum industry has risen from being relatively small through the stage of being one of many large industries, to a position where whole economies are profoundly influenced by the need for and price of petroleum products. The origins of the industry lie in the product itself.
Petroleum is believed to be produced naturally from dead animals and vegetable matter at the bottoms of shallow seas and swamps. When tiny plants and animals die in the sea, they become trapped in mud and sand. This sediment of mud, sand, and dead organisms slowly becomes thicker and thicker. In a million years, it may become thousands of feet deep. Such layers of sediment are very heavy, and the lower layers are compressed so much that they turn into rock layers. During this time, some of the body tissue of the entrapped organisms is changed into a viscous, sticky liquid that is a mixture of many thousands of different substances. This liquid is called ―petroleum‖ or ―crude oil‖.
In its widest sense, petroleum embraces all hydrocarbons (compounds of hydrogen and carbon) occurring in the earth. In its narrower, commercial sense, petroleum is usually restricted to the liquid deposits known as crude oil, the gaseous ones being known as natural gas and the solid ones as bitumen or asphalt.
Crude oil and gas are the raw materials of the petroleum industry. It is the business of the industry to find them, to retrieve them from the earth on-shore and off-shore, to manufacture useful products from them and to sell the products in the markets of the world.
The twentieth century might be described as preeminently the age of petroleum. Although oil was first commercially exploited on any scale in the late nineteenth century, the twentieth century has seen the development of oil into ―the biggest business‖, the growth of large-scale international petrochemical industry, and the rise of natural gas as a prime source of energy.
In the twentieth century oil and gas is dominant in the total pattern of energy consumption. From this it can be seen that whereas coal, which in the early decades made by far the major contribution, has simply maintained its world production level, oil and natural gas have been the fuels that have met the vastly increased demand for energy as industrialization and world economic development have proceeded.
It is true that the share of oil and gas in the total energy spectrum today shows signs of diminishing. Even so it seems certain that until the year 2010, and probably far beyond, they will continue to play the major role in meeting world requirements.
Customer demand has propelled this growth. The exceptional versatility of crude oil as a base material for the manufacture of a very wide range of products, the convenience and cleanliness in use of oil and gas, their ease of transportation and storage, their relative cheapness since the 1940s, their particular efficiency for such special purposes as providing energy for transportation, raw material for lubricants, and feedstock for the petrochemical industry ... these factors have powerfully stimulated growth and given petroleum major importance in the economies of producer and consumer countries alike.
This enormous expansion has meant that producer countries have become heavily reliant on oil for national revenue and foreign exchange. Venezuela, for example, has for decades relied on oil exports for more than 90 percent of its foreign exchange. In most consumer countries, oil has also dominated national economies, as a major component of imports and thus substantially affecting balances of payments. Crude oil price increases have significantly contributed to the growth of inflation, and with it recession and mass unemployment. Oil and gas have also provided finance ministers worldwide with a convenient vehicle for tax collecting. Today, virtually everyone in society is affected by the availability and price of oil and gas: directly in terms of domestic use and family transportation; indirectly in relation to jobs and to many other aspects of national economies, whether they are buoyant or in difficulty.
21. What is mainly dealt with in this passage?
A. The development of petroleum in the near future.
B. The general information on petroleum.
C. The history of petroleum industry.
D. The function of petroleum in the modern world.
22. According to the author, the following statements concerning the petroleum industry are true EXCEPT ______.
A. The petroleum industry has originated from the petroleum product itself.
B. The petroleum industry has influenced the economies of a country.
C. The petroleum industry has developed very slowly.
D. The petroleum industry has got a very important position.
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. When tiny plants and animals die in the sea, they become trapped in mud and sand.
B. Petroleum is believed to be produced at the bottoms of deep seas and swamps.
C. The lower layers of sediment are compressed so much that they turn into rock layers.
D. Some of the body tissue of the entrapped organisms is changed into a viscous, sticky liquid.
24. In its widest sense, by petroleum we mean ______.
A. all hydrocarbons occurring in the earth
B. the liquid deposits known as crude oil
C. the gaseous deposits known as natural gas
D. the solid deposits known as asphalt
25. Petroleum was first explored, developed and made profit in commerce______.
A. in the first half of the 19th century
B. at the beginning of the 20th century
C. in the late 20th century
D. in the second half of the 19th century
Part VI Cloze（完形填空）
Passage 1
If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or (1) in your work would (2) , to a great extent, (3) your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best (4) . Of the utmost importance is your attitude. A person (5) begins a job, being convinced that he isn’t going to like it or (6) that he is going to fail, is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder（阻碍）his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure in his (7) that he is probably as capable (8) doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt (9) it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well.
(10) the prerequisite （必须的）skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A bookkeeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw (11) hopeless cases.
This book has been designed to help you capitalize (12) the strength and (13) the weakness that you bring to the job of learning. But in group to measure your development, you must first (14) stock of where you stand now. (15) we get further along in the book, we’ll be (16) in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening (17) skills. However, (18) begin with, you should (19) to examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your (20) , your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.
1. A. improvement B. victory
C. failure
D. achievement
2. A. depend B. present
C. separate
D. interact
3. A. in B. on
C. of
D. to
4. A. excess B. advantage
C. necessity
D. productivity
5. A. who B. what
C. that
D. which
6. A. ensure B. assure
C. sure
D. surely
7. A. version B. balance
C. pattern
D. belief
8. A. to B. at
C. of
D. for
9. A. near B. on
C. by
D. at
10. A. Have B. Had
C. Having
D. Had been
11. A. being B. been
C. are
D. is
12. A. except B. but
C. for
D. on
13. A. overhear B. overcome
C. overtake
D. overlook
14. A. make B. take
C. do
D. give
15. A. As B. Till
C. Over
D. Out
16. A. treated B. treating
C. dealt
D. dealing
17. A. learnt B. learned
C. learning
D. learn
18. A. around B. to
C. from
D. beside
19. A. pause B. tend
C. afford
D. devote
20. A. strength B. status
C. attitude
D. weakness
Passage 2
A consumer’s buyer behavior is influenced by four major factors; cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors. These (1) cause consumers to develop product and brand preferences. Although many of these factors cannot be directly controlled by marketers, understanding of their (2) is essential as marketing mix strategies can be developed to appeal to the preferences of the target market.
One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined (3) a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied (4) any particular circumstance. Moods should be (5) from emotions which are usually more intense, (6) to specific circumstances, and often conscious. In on e sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in (7) the same way as can our reactions to the (8) of our friends —when our friends are happy and ―up‖, that trends to influence us positively, but when they are ―down‖, that can have a (9) impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a (10) mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激) in a direction (11) with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see (12) in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a (13) manner than they would when not in such a state. (14), mood states appear capable of (15) a consumer’s memory.
Moods appear to be (16) influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and volume of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the (17) of time spent in supermarkets or (18) to purchase products. (19), advertising ca n influence consumers’ moods which, in (20), are capable of influencing consumer’ reactions to products.
1. A. factors B. elements
C. units
D. procedures
科技英语翻译Unit 1—Unit 7
Unit 1 Electronics:Analog and Digital 1.As with series resonance, the greater the resistance in the circuit the lower the Q and, accordingly, the flatter and broader the resonance curve of either line current or circuit impedance. 对于串联谐振，电路中的电阻愈大Q值就愈低，相应地线路电流或电路阻抗的谐振曲线也就愈平、愈宽。 2.A wire carrying a current looks exactly the same and weighs exactly the same as it does when it is not carrying a current. 一根带电的导线其外表与重量都与不带电导线完全一样。 3.Click mouse on the waveform and drag it to change the pulse repetition rate, or directly enter a new value of the period in the provided dialogue box, while keeping the pulse width unchanged. 在波形上点击鼠标并拖动来改变脉冲重复频率，或者在提供的对话框中直接输入新的周期值，而保持脉冲宽度不变。 4.Electronics is the science and the technology of the passage of charged particles in a gas, in a vacuum, or in a semiconductor. Please note that particle motion confined within a metal only is not considered electronics. 电子学是一门有关带电粒子在气体、真空或半导体中运动的科学技术。注意，在本书中粒子运动仅限于金属的情况不属于电子学。 5.Hardware technologies have played vital roles in our ability to use electronic properties to process information, but software and data processing aspects have not developed at the same speed. 硬件技术在我们使用电子特性来处理信息的能力中一直起着重要作用，而软件及数字处理方面却没能与硬件同步发展。 6.However, in a properly designed DC amplifier the effect of transistor parameter variation, other than Ico, may be practically eliminated if the operation point of each stage is adjusted so that it remains in the linear operation range of the transistor as temperature varies. 然而在设计得当的直流放大器中，若调节每一级的工作点使之在温度变化时保持在晶体管线性区，就能在实际上消除Ico以外的晶体管参数变化所造成的影响。
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
法院综合信息管理系统
法院综合信息管理系统 今年来,随着电子政务建设得不断推进,法院办公系统得信息化已成为政府信息化得重要标志。作为司法最高审判部门,一个反应迅速、功能完善得法院管理系统无疑将对其未来得发展起到举足轻重得作用。Sybase凭借其在法院系统丰富得行业经验、优异得产品性价比,以及专业得技术服务与支持,为法院系统综合信息管理系统提供了优异得开发平台与技术支持。Sybase结合最高人民法院得技术规范与高法得实际情况,与合作伙伴一起打造了性能优越得信息管理系统。系统采用了Sybase企业级数据库Sybase ASE与中间应用服务器EAServer 得法院信息系统,共包含领导决策辅助系统、案件审判流程管理系统、办公自动化管理系统、党务人事管理系统、装备后勤管理系统、公共信息管理系统、内部邮件系统、系统维护工具等一级子系统,覆盖了法院日常办案、办公所涉及得所有内容; 实现了法院各个业务信息得存储管理、审判业务与办公业务中各种统计报表得自动生成以及案件智能化得查询功能; 并通过Sybase得复制服务器,实现了上下级法院得数据同步。同时,系统还实现了审判业务中得全程控制及跟踪,包括各类案件从立案审理、结案归档得整个流程控制,上下级法院间得案件移送与审判业务衔接,以及决策辅助分析等功能。中间应用服务器EAServer提供了一个兼容原系统得组建,而且支持最新得开发标准得开发平台。此外,鉴于法院工作得特殊性,Sybase 还特别为其设计了完善得安全保障措施,以确保系统运行安全与信息安全,使法院信息管理操作具备高效与安全得双重效果。 法院业务需求 法院得行业特点决定了系统在日常工作中对信息管理要求非常严谨,并且系统本身工作十分繁重。在信息系统改造之前,由于信息管理方法得滞后,造成办公、办案效率低,工作人员负担重得局面。存在得问题主要体现在: 1、法院之间主要通过电话传真等传统方式联系,容易发生干扰与出现误解; 2、案件管理需要通过手工录入本来记录,统计数据也要手工进行统计,需要大量得人力资源,费时、费力,效率低并且容易受到工作人员主观状态得影响; 3、信息共享十分困难,传统得方法查找少量信息需要翻阅大量卷宗、档案等材料,如果查瞧已归档得材料还需要到档案室办理借阅手续,占用大量时间;
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试 A卷参考答案
《信息科技英语翻译》期末考试A卷参考答案 一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.所谓翻译就是把一种语言文字所表达的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来的语言转换过程，是通过译 者在不同语言之间进行的一种语言交流活动。 A. 形式/内容 B. 增译/省译 C. 转换/交流 D. 直译/意译 2.著名的“信达雅”三字翻译标准是清末启蒙思想家严复所提出的。 A. 玄奘 B. 严复 C. 傅雷 D. 钱钟书 3.翻译中所谓的“忠实”，首先是指忠实于原文的内容。 A. 原文 B. 译文 C. 原语 D. 译语 4.信息科技英语的翻译标准应该是：准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰。 A. 忠实、通顺 B. 意美、形美、音美 C. 传神、化境 D. 准确规范、通顺易懂、简洁明晰 5.信息科技英语翻译中所谓的准确，就是忠实地、不折不扣地传达原文的全部信息内容。 A. 信息 B. 意义 C. 风格 D. 思想 6.要做好科技英语的翻译工作，通常要求译者具有较高的英语水平、汉语水平、科技知识水平和翻译 理论水平。 A. 口头表达能力 B. 书面表达水平 C. 英语水平 D. 思维能力 7.信息科技英语文体的特点是第三人称多，被动语态多，专业名词、术语多，非谓语动词多，长句子 多。 A. 第一人称 B. 第二人称 C. 第三人称 D. 三种人称 8.信息科技英语翻译中直译法是最常见的译法之一。 A. 直译法 B. 意译法 C. 合译法 D. 分译法 9.英语中的同一个词，同一词类，在不同场合往往有不同的含义，常常要求译者根据上下文的联系， 以及句型来确定某个词在特定场合下的词义。 A. 词语 B. 词汇 C. 词序 D. 词义 10.所谓增译就是在译文中添加英语原文省略、或原文中无其词而有其意的词语。 A. 省译 B. 增译 C. 顺译 D. 倒译 二、是非题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 1.由于英汉两种语言结构与表达方式的不同，有些句子在汉译时不能逐词对译。（是） 2.英语中有大量动词派生的名词和具有动词意义的名词，均不可以转译为汉语的动词。（非） 3.英语定冠词the表示某一类特定的人或事物中的“某一个”，不可译为“该”、“这个/种”、“那个/种” 等。（非） 4.在代词的翻译中，所谓互换，就是将英语原文句子中的名词（即先行词）与代替该名词的代词，在 翻译时进行相互换为。（是） 5.信息科技英语中理解和翻译数词本身并不难，但当数字在句子中表示各种概念时，要理解和翻译一 些数量概念的句型结构时可能就会遇到困难，甚至有时出现误解、误译等现象。（是） 6.大多数作前置定语和少数作后置定语的形容词以及表语形容词，在翻译时一般可以直接译出，即译 为汉语的定语“的”字结构，也可省略“的”字。（是） 7.当英语的动词转译成汉语的名词时，修饰该英语动词的形容词往往转译成汉语的副词。（非） 8.英语介词在古英语中属于动词，因此在翻译时可将英语介词译为汉语动词。（是） 9.英语的连词从形式上可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。（非） 10.英语动词有限定性动词与非限定性动词之分，而不定式、动名词和分词三种限定性动词在科技英语 翻译中应引起我们高度重视。（非） 三、句子英汉翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分） 1.Packaged software is developed to serve the specific needs of one user. 软件包的开发只是为某一用户的特定需要服务。 2.After the spring has been closed to its solid height, the compressive force is removed. 弹簧被压缩到并紧高度之后，就没有压力了。 3.The longest light waves we can see are red, the shortest violet, and in between are other colors. 可见光波中最长的是红色，最短的光波是紫色，其他颜色的光波介于这二者之间。 4.Both pumps offer excellent metering performance, high vacuum lift, dry priming capability and no possibility of back-flow. 两类泵还具有良好的计量、高真空提升、干启动以及防回吸等功能。 5.Once it is combined, nitrogen is not chemically inert any longer. 氮气一经化合，在化学上它就变得活泼了。
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六
《科技英语翻译》课程练习十六 一、将以下指示与说明文体译成汉语 1. Important safety instructions 1) AC extension cords are not recommended for use with this product. If an extension cord must be used, be sure it is an approved type and has sufficient current-carrying capacity to power this product. 2) NEVER operate this product with any covers removed. 3) NEVER wet the inside of this product with any liquid. 4) NEVER pour or spill liquids directly into this unit. 5) NEVER block air flow through ventilation slots or heat sinks. 6) NEVER bypass any fuse. 7) NEVER replace any fuse with a value or type other than those specified. 8) NEVER attempt to repair this product. If a problem occurs, contact your local retailer. 9) NEVER expose this product to extremely high or low temperatures. 10) NEVER operate this product in an explosive atmosphere. 11) ALWAYS keep electrical equipment out of the reach of children. 二、将以下某款前置放大器使用说明译成汉语 1) DISPLAY INTENSITY BUTTON Cycles among four levels of brightness (including “off”）for the display, allowing adjustment for various ambient lighting conditions. When “off”, the display will turn on for a few seconds whenever a setting is changed. When used in conjunction with certain compatible ABC components, this button will control the display intensity of all lin ked components. (For more information, see “Linked Functions.”) 2) MODE INDICATORS Three LEDs give visual confirmation of the Operational Mode the preamplifier is in at any moment. 3) MODE BUTTON Cycles among the three primary Operational Modes of the preamplifier: Monitor (the source being listened to); Record Select (the source being provided to the Record Outputs); and Balance (the relative volumes of the Left and Right channels). Confirmation of these operating modes is given by the Mode Indicators below the
法院信息管理系统介绍
法院信息管理系统 法院信息化 随着社会主义市场经济的高速发展，社会主义法制建设逐步完善，人民法院在维护政治经济秩序，保障社会主义建设正常进行和维护社会稳定等各方面起着举足轻重的作用。提高法院审判工作的质量和工作效率，是当前法院改革的首要目标。 新世纪伊始，最高人民法院肖扬院长向全国法院提出了“公正”与“效率”这一21世纪人民法院的工作主题。而法院信息化建设，即运用信息技术和管理科学相结合，建立法院管理信息系统，是实现“公正”与“效率”的有力保障。 因此，将先进的计算机技术、多媒体技术、数据库技术、网络技术以及管理技术运用于法院的审判、办公工作，通过现代科技手段，提高法院工作效率，同时以信息网络系统来促进法院工作的规范化，实践“公正与效率”工作主题。 系统目标 法院信息系统将建设一个“资源集中的网络化综合信息系统”作为起点，建设一个对法院的综合性信息进行计算机的集中管理，并以网络环境为法院干警提供一个资源共享、通过网络进行协作性信息处理的综合性计算机应用系统。 法院信息系统将适应人民法院公平、公开、高效的现代化办公、办案要求，加强对审判工作的监督管理、增强对审判工作的宏观把握。系统最终达到以下目标： 促进和维护司法公正：利用先进、科学的管理系统促进司法公正是法院信息系统首要任务和最终目标。信息系统要充分利用和发挥现代科学技术，从审判工作实际出发，狠抓关键点，以科学的流程管理系统辅助法官办公和办案，克服和消除影响司法公正的因素。提高办公效率：信息系统将充分利用强大的数据处理能力、快捷的传输速度、方便的数据查询功能、智能化的决策技术，提高办公、审判工作效率。提高资源效率：现代网络技术的无纸化办公、数据共享、设备的共享、虚拟组网等特点，可以充分利用现有的资源，发挥各类资源的优势，实现共享和动态组合，从而提高整个资源的利用率。提高人员素质：信息系统能以更有效的方式规范全院干警的办公方式，并通过网上教学、讨论和交流，提高人员的整体素质。提高决策质量：及时、准确地为领导层提供各种有效的统计分析信息，为领导决策提供科学的依据。 功能简介 信息系统门户 信息系统门户是采用先进的、基于开发标准的集成技术，为法院干警提供统一的工作平台，采用LDAP 的目录服务实现单点登录、用户集中管理，定制个性化的界面等。另一方面为上下级法院联网提供统一的信息交流平台。 审判流程管理系统 案件管理模块实现案件从立案到结案的全过程管理，包括案件的收案、立案、分案、排期、开庭、合议、结案等处理，集成文书快速生成技术，提供对案件的电子卷宗管理，为人民法院的案件流转、收结存管理、审限管理提供全面跟踪控制手段，提供了多角度的分析跟踪手段，随时掌握案件的实时动态。 执行流程管理模块实现案件执行过程的跟踪管理；包括(1)对执行财产处置的跟踪管理，如评估、拍卖、折抵、返还等；(2)对执行所得款项的管理，如退款申请、审批、发放等；(3)借助自动生成文书技术，快速生成各类文书，并提供文书的生成、签发等全过程处理；(4)建立中止执行台帐，随时关注案件的恢复执行；（5）建立了法官与当事人的沟通平台，随时通过各种网络、短信、触摸屏等方式实现相互之间沟通，让当事人了解法官在做什么，也让法官更快地知道执行线索等信息。
智慧园区综合管理平台解决方案内容
智慧园区集成管理平台是通过软件平台对园区区域内各建筑物的电气设备进行自动控制和管理，并对园区内用户提供相应的服务。需要智慧园区管理系统微加ruiecjo进行了解。另外对园区的所有空调、给水排水、供配电设备、通风、消防、保安设备等进行综合检测和协调，使园区的功能应用、服务品质提升。 智慧园区综合管理平台集中控制，通过建立集中控制平台，将空调、给排水、变配电监视、火灾预警、视频管控、防盗报警、门禁管理、电子巡更、公共照明、夜景照明、电梯运维、访客统计管理、停车管理、信息发布、能耗计量等各智能设备系统的集中控制管理，从而实现“集中管理”、“分散控制”、“系统联动”、“优化运行”的目标。 源中瑞智慧园区管理平台采用了先进的层次软件设计结构，使用分布式软件园区管理技术研发的一套成熟、稳定可靠的系统。该系统在设计理念、系统运行环境等方面进行了全面设计布局，源中瑞ruiecjo
智慧园区系统在市场中使用中，也得到了较高的市场反馈情况。智慧园区内智能楼宇综合集成管理的软件产品。 智慧园区能效管理：通过优化整合各系统的资源，对园区的变配电、照明、空调、供热等能源使用状况，实行集中监视、管理和分散控制，实现能耗的在线监测和动态分析，把握能源消耗情况，为进一步制定节能减排措施提供数据依据。 将园区运行核心系统的各项关键数据进行综合展现，支持园区多维度进行日常运行监测与管理，突发事件下的应急指挥调度管理，为用户提供一个集园区生产、园区运营、园区决策多维一体的智能运营管理平台。 智慧园区解决方案依托强大的集成管理云平台，通过分布式的数据采集中心，连接前端各专业智能化系统，以及物联网感知设备，实时准确获取设备运行数据、能源使用数据、环境状态数据等，应用大数据决策分析引擎，进行海量数据的分析、统计、诊断，筛选价值数据进行丰富多元的智能化控制，微电同IT徐瑞138.2311.8291为产业园区提供统一运维管理服务，实现园区用能管理效率的提高，运维成本的降低，建立统一的应急管理与日常管理、对内与对外服务的管理体
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.