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动词不定式省略的几种情况教学文案

动词不定式省略的几种情况教学文案
动词不定式省略的几种情况教学文案

动词不定式省略的几

种情况

动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”。但有些词后面的“to”有时会省略。归纳起来,常有下列几种情况:

1. 作使役动词(如make, let, have)和感官动词(如look at, see, hear, watch, listen to, notice)等的宾语补足语时。如:

They made the children work 12 hours a day. 他们强迫孩子们一天干12小时。

Let me go. 让我去吧。

I saw him come. 我看见他来了。

We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室唱英语歌。

值得注意的是:以上句子若变为被动语态时,“to”则不能省略。

2. 在动词help后的动词不定式可带“to”,也可不带“to”。如:

Will you help me (to) plant this tree, please?请你帮我种这棵树,好吗?

3. 两个或两个以上不定式连用,其作用相同时,除第一个不定式带“to”外,其余不带“to”。如:

It’s better to give than receive. 给予比索取好。

4. 在Why not后。如:

Why not have some milk? 为什么不来些牛奶呢?

5. had better / best, would rather等固定结构中。如:

I would rather stay here. 我宁可留在这儿。

6. 在but, except, besides介词前面有一定义动词“do”时,介词后的不定式可以省略“to”。如:

We can do nothing but wait. 除了等我们别无他法。

7. 在助动词和情态动词后接动词原形,动词也是不带“to”的动词不定式的一种形式。如:

We can’t play basketball until we finish our homework. 直到完成作业后我们才能去打篮球。

8. 在不定式作表语,主语部分又有all, what only,或有最高级形容词修饰名词和实义动词“do”时。如:

The best way to do is wait till she comes back.最好的办法是等她回来。

动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式,由“小品词to+动词原形”构成,但有时小品词to可以省略,下面便是笔者归纳的几组动词不定式省略to的情况:

1. 与助动词和情态动词一起构成复合谓语时,可以省略to。例:

(1)He doesn’t like singing.

他不喜欢唱歌。

(2)He will come here tomorrow.

他明天将到这儿来。

[注]在ought, used, be, have之后仍带to。例如:

(3)These machines ought to be cleaned once a day.

这些机器应该一天清洗一次。

(4)My father used to go fishing.

我的父亲过去常去钓鱼。

2. 在感观动词(see, watch, notice等)和使役动词(let, make, have等)后面作宾语补足语时,省略to。例:

(1)He noticed a stranger come into the room just now.

他刚才看见一个陌生人进了那个房间。

(2)The boss often made him do very hard work.

老板经常让他做非常苦的工作。

[注]此类动词用于被动语态时(watch, have to一般不变被动语态),其后作主语补足语的不定式必须带to。

3. 用于but, except和besides三个介词之后,但这些介词之前须有行为动词do的各种形式,用不带to的不定式。例:

(1)He could do nothing but wait.

他只有等待。

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非谓语动词之动词不定式(to do)的用法 非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要形式有:不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 1.“to do”动词不定式的变形 2.动词不定式的用法 (1)充当主语(一般会用it 当形式主语) To swim here is dangerous. = It is dangerous to swim here. To pass this English exam is unlikely. = (2)充当表语(多数情况下,可以转换成动词不定式做主语) My job is to help with your English learning. To help with your English learning is my job. (3)充当宾语(只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语;有时用“it”做形式宾语) I decided to attend this meeting last night. I find it necessary to learn a foreign language. 注意:当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时,只能跟不定式作宾语。 decide, determine, learn, wish, hope agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail prepare, try, manage, help, promise offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed

(4)充当宾语补足语 I persuaded him to make a speech in public. 注意:在感官动词/使役动词/help后(see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let后不定式做宾补时,可省略“to”) I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor. (我看到了 他们争论的整个过程) 但,感官动词后面也可接Ving形式,表示正在进行。 I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他们正在 争论谁该扫地,并不一定看到了整个过程) (5)充当状语(目的,原因,结果状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致) I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状语) I’m sorry to bother you.(原因状语) He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out. (结果状语,only + to find/realize/discover表示出乎意料的结果)(6)充当定语(不定式作定语,要放在所修饰的词的后面) I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say? There are 3 questions to answer. (7)一些固定句型中不定式省略“to” had better would rather do… than do… why not do “except/but” 有“do” 无“to”,有”to”无“do” have nothing to do but do… do everything but/except have no choice but to want nothing but/except to (8)当两个或多个作用相同的不定式并列(and/or/than)时,通常只保留第一个不定式的“to”. He told me to stay there and wait for him. It’s easier to persuade people than force them. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. (否定式中“to”不能省略)

动词不定式教案

动词不定式教案 教学目标 1.学会什么是动词不定式 2.会使用动词不定式 重难点 1.能正确的使用动词不定式的各种用法 教学步骤 Grammar: 动词不定式 Ⅰ. 不定式句法功能 1. 作主语:The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible. 不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。 → The cat said, “It’s terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster? 不定式作主语常见句型: a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult…) + 不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, a shame) + 不定式 eg. It’s my dut y to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School. c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience…) + 不定式 eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher. 2. 作表语:当句子的主语是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时,后面可以用不定式做表语,用以说明主 语所包含内容。 eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan. 注:作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。 eg. The only thing we can do now is wait and see. 3.作宾语 The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”. a) 可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,常见的有:agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等 I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 当不定式短语比宾补长时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用 动词有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. b) 不定式一般不作介词的宾语,只有少数介词如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。 一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to,如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词都是实 义动词do, does, did时,通常省略to。 Eg. We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait.

有关to do不定式的,to do不定式什么时候可以省略to do;还有什么时候用被动形式,什么时候不用。

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动词不定式教案教学提纲

动词不定式教案

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动词不定式教案和练习

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