英语基础练习

英译汉练习一

(一)用转译法翻译下列各句

1.A highly developed physical science is characterized by an extensive use of mathematics．一门高度发展的自然科学的特点是广泛地应用数学。

2.Careful attention must be paid to the construction of the diagram in using this equation．用这一公式时必须十分注意其图形结构。

3.Infant and young children have a somewhat higher temperature than adults．

婴儿和孩童的体温略高于成年人。

4.There is an increase in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country．我国各地对各种消费品的需求量正大大增加。

5.They are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it．他们深信这一政策是正确的，并有坚定的决心继续奉行这一政策。

6.Rockets have found applications for the exploration of the universe．

火箭已经用来探索宇宙。

7.Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use．

工程师必须要知道如何最有效和最经济的使用材料。

8.It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President’s reasons for writing to begin

a Chinese—American dialogue．

这篇发言清楚明白、心平气和地说明了总统希望开始中美对话的原因。

(二)用增译法翻译下列各句

1.In order to obtain economical flying，apart from speed，the load to be carried and the height at which to fly also have to be decided．为了获得经济的飞行效果，除了速度以外，还必须解决飞行负荷和飞行高度的问题。

2.The sharp voices made an unceasing noise，and from time to time there rose a great roar of laughter from some cheerful soul．一阵尖锐刺耳的声音叫个不停，不知哪一个兴高采烈的人还不时发出哈哈的大笑声。

3.Henry Kissinger had slept there before, in July and again in October.在这之前，基辛格

在七月和十月两度在这里下榻。

4.When you tune a radio set，you select some particular stations．当你对收音机调谐时，

你正选择某个特定的电台。

5.This young man you see was in the ship．He is somewhat altered by grief，or you might

call him a handsome person·你瞧见的那位少年，刚才就在那艘船上。他受苦受难，有些变相了。

要不然，你准会管他叫美男子。

6.The large scale integrated circuits that have the power of several hundreds of the circuits

used in minicomputers are the even smaller cheap units. 大规模集成电路具有小型计算机所用的几百个电路的能力，因而是体积小，价格低的装置的基础。

7.If you don’t eat food, your stored energy becomes less and lass, so you become weaker

and less energetic如果你不吃食物，那么，你所储存的能量就会变得越来越少。这样，你就会变得身体虚弱，精力减退。

8.Maintenance can be scheduled in an orderly manner rather than on an emergency basis．可

按步就班地排在计划中进行维修，而不是万一发生事故后再进行维修的。

9.Now let us analyze the flight of a spacecraft in terms of what we have learned about

and gravity．现在，让我们根据我们已学过的关于运动和重力方面的知识来分析宇宙飞船的飞行情况。

10.Without adequate management, progress in fisheries technology will lead to a decline

in the very industry it is designed to support.当重力以某种方式被抵消，例如，在围绕着地球的轨道上运行的宇宙飞船的离心力抵消地球对飞船的重力引力时，会产生失重现象。

(三)用省译法翻译下列句子

1.The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reacting

substances．化学反应的速度与反应物的浓度成正比。

2.Without gravitation，you Would not be able to do lots of things．没有地心吸力，许多事

情都做不成。

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3. Man has always been interested in extending the range of his senses and the power of his mind．人类一向对扩大感觉范围和提高智力感到兴趣。

4.After people has learned that magnets attract things，centuries passed before they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things．人们早已知道了磁体能吸引别的物体，又过了几百年，才注意到磁体也有时排斥物体这一事实。

5.If you Switch on a flashlight and point at an object，as the Switch goes on，the bulb glows and gives off light．如果你打开手电，指向某一个物体，手电筒开关一打开，灯泡就发出亮光。

6.When we talk of electric current，we mean electrons in motion．当我们谈到电流时，我们指的是运动的电子。

7.In spring the day is getting longer and 10nger and the night shorter and shorter·春

季白天越来越长，夜晚越来越短。

8.Energy losses due to friction occur in every machine·每台机器都由于摩擦而损耗能量。

9. University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not．报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。

1 O． Without adequate management，progress in fisheries technology will lead to

a decline in the very industry it is designed to support．没有适当的管理，捕鱼技术的发

展反而会导致渔业的衰落。

练习二

翻译下列名词性从句

1.Whether a substance keeps its original state or change from one state to another is Completely governed by the environmental temperatures. 物质保持原状还是从一种状态变化到另一种状态完全由环境温度来决定。

2.Whether a rocket can get away from the earth or not depends 0n its speed.火箭能否离开地球取决于它的速度。

3.That technological progress helps to relieve scarcities is a fact accepted by economists．技术进步有助于摆脱经济萧条是经济学家所能接受的事实。

4.It was once thought that the earth was the center of the universe.从前人们认为地球是

宇宙的中心。

5.It is believed that petroleum is formed naturally from dead animals and vegetables.人

们相信石油是由死亡的动植物自然形成的。

6.Man must early have realized that one outstanding difference between himself and the other

animals was that he walked on two legs，the others on four·人类一定早知道，人与任何其他动物的一个显著区别就是人用两条腿行走，而动物用四条腿行走。

7.At the present time the accepted theory is that all matter consists of very small particles

called atoms．一切物质都是由称为原子的极小的微粒组成的，这是目前公认的理论。

8.This is why currents of cold water tend to flow near the bottom。f oceans．为什么冷的

水流总是靠近海洋底部流动，原因就在于此。

9.This is exactly what we are in need of．我们需要的东西正是这个。

10.The scientist pointed out to us that sound cannot travel through a vacuum．这位科学

家向我们指出，声音不能在真空中传播。

11.The great speed of lit explains why we think we see things happen at the exact moment

they are happening．光速很大，这一事实说明为什么可以认为事物一出现就能看见他们。

12.Investigations into the origins of life on the earth have shown that，given earthlike

conditions，the formation of life is almost inevitable．地球上生命起源的研究证明，只要具有类似地球的条件，生命的形成几乎是必然的。

13.We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that aleoh01 abuse can

kill．我们都知道吸烟对人体健康有害，我们也知道酗酒能致人於死。

14.His account is correct except that some data are omitted．除了些细节未提到外，它的报

告是正确的。

15.The process of exchange of gases follows a simple law of physics that a gas flows into

the direction 0f least pressure．气体交换过程遵循一条简单的物理规律，即气体向压力小的方向流动。

翻译下列定语从句

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一、翻译下列限制性定语从句

1.Some people believe that UF0s are spaceships, which are full of visitors from other planets．有些人认为，不明飞行物是来自其它行星，满载旅客的宇宙飞船。

2.like the human brain，a computer also has a memory where vast quantities of information can be stored．就象人类的大脑一样，计算机也有一个能储存大量信息的储存器。

3.Galileo was a famous Italian scientist by whom the Copernican theory was further proved correct．伽利略是有名的意大利科学家，他进一步证明哥白尼学说是正确的。

4.They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased．他们制定出一种新方法，采用之后生产已迅速提高。

5.With the introduction of the electronic computer，there is no complicated problem but can be solved quickly．由于采用了电子计算机，任何复杂问题都能迅速计算出来。

6.Galleon lived at a time when the human spirit was waking after a thousand years 0f sleep．伽利略生活在人类灵魂经过了千年沉睡之后正在苏醒的年代。

7.If people do not tell what for an electronic computer to do， it will accomplish nothing．This is the recession why electronic computers will never be able to replace man．如果人们不指示电子计算机该做什么，它就将什么也不能做。这就是电子计算机永远不能代替人类的原因。

8.Aunt Harriet lived in that leisurely age when servants were employed to do homework．哈丽特姑妈生活在一个悠闲的时代，那时家务事情都可以用雇工来做。

9.We had all experienced days when everything was done well．我们都经历过这样的日子，每件事情都做得称心如意。

10.Each pyramid has a wide stay Way which goes from the bottom to the top．每座金字塔都有条宽阔的楼梯从底部通到塔顶。

二、翻译下列非限制性定语从旬

1.When oil wells are drilled，the first、material 0btajned is frequently natural gas，which burns with a hot flame．钻井时，首先获得的物质常常是天然气，它燃烧时发出炽热的火焰。

2.All matter is muffled of atoms，which are too small to be seen even through the most powerful

microscopes．一切物质皆由原子构成，原子本身大小，即使大倍数的显微镜也看不见它们。

3.If an object is in front of the person wearing the eyeglasses，the 1ight is reflected

back to the receiving unit，which sounds a warning note in the left ear．如果一个物体在戴有这种眼镜的人的前面，红外线光就反射回到接收装置，在左耳发出警报声。

4.The last big Alaskan earthquake created a tsunami，that was felt 1，500 miles away．最

近发生的阿拉斯加大地震引起海啸，在1，500英里之外都能感觉到。

5.One was a violent thunderstorm， the worst I had ever seen，which obscured my objective．有

一次是暴风骤雨，猛烈的程度为我平生仅见。这阵暴风雨遮住了目标。

6.He had talked to the general manager，who assured him that everything that Could be done

Would be done soon．他与总经理谈过话，总经理向他保证，凡是能做到的，都尽快去做。

7.In Kuwait，where there are many 0il wells but no rivers，fresh water had to be got from

the desalination of salt water．科威特有许多油井，但没有河流，故必须使海水淡化来取得淡水。

8.Our cities have many factories，which we need to milk food products，clothing and many

other things．城市里有许多加工食物、生产衣服和其它产品的工厂。

9.Perhaps this is the” dead ray”，which we often read about in science fiction．这也许

就是我们常在科幻小说中谈到过的“死光”。

1 O． The electrons， with their negative charges， revolve about the nucleus， which

is always positively charged．电子带负电，它绕着带正电的核旋转。

三、将下列定语从句转译成状语从句

1.Two decades ago atomic clocks began to replace mechanical clocks，which are far less

accurate．二十年前，原子钟开始取代机械钟，因为后者远不如前者精确

2.Electricity，which can be easily transmitted and changed into other forms of energy has

found wide application in Indus try and daily life．因为电易于输送而且易于转变成其它形式的能，故在三I=业上和在日常生活中用途很广

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3.Over—production of any commodity can create difficulties，because it can lead to a glut on the market，which may cause prices to fan sharply．任何商品的生产过剩都会带来麻烦，因为它会导致市场供过于求，从而使价格急剧下

4.This wanly enable doctors to understand the biochemical basis for the mental disorder，which would lead to better treatments．这将使医生们了解精神病的生物化学基础，从而有可能找到更有效的治疗方法。

5.Diagnoses are made quick and accurate by an electronic computer，the use of which is introduced in the hospital．如果医院采用电子计算机，开处方会变得更快、更准确。

6.Pitching and heaving will be severe when a ship is steaming in waves，which is equal to the ship in length．如果波长等于船长，那么当船在波浪上航行时，颠簸和起伏运动就会很剧烈。

7.The center of gravity of a passenger ship should be as low as possible，the initial stibnite of which may be greatly increased．客船的重心应尽可能低，以便大大提高其稳定性。

8.Chinese delegation have been sent to European countries，wh0 will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments．中国派出代表团前往欧洲各国，以便与各国政府谈判贸易协定。

9.Thomas Edison，who had fanned again and again in his experiment，did not lost heart．尽管实验一再失败，托马斯·爱迪生并没有失去信心。

1 O. Aluminum alloys，which is not so strong as steel，find wide application in aircraft industry．铝合金虽然强度没有钢那么高，但它却广泛地用于飞机制造业。

状语从句

一、翻译下列时间状语从句

1.When coal is pined too deep，heat formed within the pile may cause the spontaneous combustion 0f coal．当煤堆得太厚时，在煤堆里所产生的热可能引起煤的自燃。

2.After Hitler came into power in Germany，Einstein went to America and became her希特勒在德国掌权以后，爱因斯坦到美国去了，并成为美国公民。

3.As soon as the computer is plugged into the national network，we can be informed about weather conditions at any time．电子计算机一接入全国性网络，我们就可以随时了解天气情况。

4.The vapor pressure of water increases as the temperature is raised·温度升高，水的蒸

汽压力也增大。

5.The space race began on 0ctober 4，1 957，when the USSR launched the world’s first

satellite．空间竞赛始于1957年10月4日，当时苏联发射了世界上第一颗人造卫星。

6.Rest should be imperative when the temperature rises above 38℃·如果体温超过38℃，就

应强制休息。

7.The 1eader 0f the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the

machine showed that there was gold under the ground·这个组的领导人正在检查山洞人口处附近的土壤，就在这时，这部机器显示出地下有金子。

8.When you have tanks of air on you，you can stay in deep water for a long time·如果背

着空气罐，人们就可以长久呆在深水中。

9.Edison tried 1600 substances before he found a right one for fundament inside his electric

bulbs．爱迪生试验了1600种材料，然后才找到适于制造灯丝的一种。

10.A lot of more researches will have to carry out before these or other ways of predicting

dangerous earthquakes can be found·必须进行更多的研究才能找到预报各种危险地震的办法。

二、翻译下列地点和原因状语从句

1.Television cameras are used to watch processes where it would be difficult or even

dangerous for a human t0 be present·在人们难以到达，甚至有危险的地方，可用电视摄像机来监视生产流程。

2.Where petroleum is found，there are usually deposits of useful natural gas·在找到石

油的地方常存在可以利用的天然气资源。

3.At speeds faster than the speed of sound，the plane leaves the sound waves behind where

they cannot cause the plane any trouble·飞机以高于声速的速度飞行时，把声波抛在后边，这样声波就不会给飞机造成麻烦。

4.Where a vessel has vertical sides，the pressure on the bottom is equal to the height of

the liquid times its density．如果容器壁垂直，则容器底的压力等于液体高度乘以液体的密度。

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5. Where the ohm is too small a unit，we may employ the knob—ohm and the meg—ohm·如果欧姆这个单位太小，我们可以采用千欧或兆欧。

6.The death—rate could begin to rise again because medicine and hygiene cannot keep up with the continued rise in population．由于医疗卫生水平赶不上人口的持续增长，因而死亡率可能再度上升。

7.As the floods had put the telephone out of order，we Could not find out how they were managing．由于洪水已使电话发生故障，因此我们就不能了解他们正在怎么办。

8.Drivers of long—distance trucks have a particular interest in weather information because it will affect their perishable goods during transportation·长途卡车司机对天气预报特别感兴趣，因在运输过程中，易腐烂的货物将会受到天气的影响。

9.As helicopters can go anywhere and can hover over any spot, they make good idly。直升飞机什么地方都能飞去，任何地点都可起飞，因此是一种良好的飞行起重机。

10.Since sound travels through air，there is no sound without it·声音是通过空气来传播的，没有空气就不会有声音。

三、翻译下列条件、让步、目的状语从旬

1.Unless measures are taken at once，it is possible that all the oceans of the world Would be heavily polluted by the year 2，000·如果不立即采取措施，那么到2000年，世界海洋就会受到严重的污染。

2.1f a stone should be thrown at a speed of about five mines a second，it Would not fall back to the earth．如果以每秒约五英里的速度抛出一块石头，石头就再不会落到地球上来。

3.Iron or steel parts will rust，if they are unprotected·如果不加保护的话，铁件或钢件是会生锈的。

4. Though mathematics is abstract，it plays an important role in solving some of the down —to—earth problems．数学尽管很抽象，但在解决实际问题时作用却很大。

5.Many flows of nature actually exist though they have not yet been discovered．虽然许多自然规律我们仍未发现，但它们确实是存在的。

6.No matter what new techniques might be developed in calculating systems pure mathematics

will still be used in some way to tackle fjord problems in science and

technology．不管计算系统中可能发展什么样的新技术，纯数学仍将在某些方面用来处理科技中的主要问题。

7.The cabin has to be air—conditioned and has to be at normal pressure so that the passengers

may eat，read and sleep in comfort．飞机的客舱应使用空调并保持正常压力，以使旅客能舒适地进食、阅读和睡眠。

8. Scientists are searching for new ways of making better use of the oceans so that we can

benefit more from them．科学家正在寻求更好地利用海洋的新办法，以使人们从中得益。

9.In order that an inflammable gas may burn in air， it is raised to the

ignition temperature．为使易燃气体在空气中燃烧，应将其温度提高到着火点。

10.In order that an electric current may flow in a circuits the latter must be complete

and must consist of materials which are electrical conductors．要使电流流过线路，线路就必须完整并由导体组成。

四、翻译下列结果、方式、目的状语从句

1.A simple device is gathering the sun’s rays and concentrating them so that the solar stove

is hot enough to book water and cook food．一个简易的装置正在收集太阳光线并把它聚集起来，因而太阳炉灶有足够的温度把水煮开，把食物煮熟。

2.On high mountains the air pressure is very low so that water will boil at temperatures

below 100℃．高山上的气压很低，水不到100℃就沸腾了。

3.Modern radar systems are so sensitive completely blind in perfect safety．现代雷达系

统很灵敏，飞行员能完全靠仪表而安全地着陆。

4. The primitive man lived in the damp Africa do to this day．that they allow the pilot

0f an airplane to land blackness of vast forests， as the pygmies of原始人就象现在的非洲矮人一样，住在大森林中潮湿阴暗的地方。

5.Matter can change from one state to another according as its temperature rises or drops．物

质从一种状态变到另一种状态是由温度升降所决定的。

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6.It was then that scientists discovered the great value of penicillin as we know it today．正是在那时，科学家们才发现青霉素的巨大价值。

7. Nothing in an electronic computer has to move except electrons，and that ready does travel as fast as lightning．计算机里只有电子在运动，而电子确实移动得和闪电一样快。

8.Though copper is not so g00d a conductor as silver，it is better than other metals．虽然铜不是象银那样好的一种导体，但它的传导性还是比别的金属好。

9.It takes far more time for the earth to flake a complete turn round the sun than to do about its axis．地球绕太阳旋转一周比其绕轴自转需要多得多的时间。

10.The resistance is the greater，the 10nger is the wire．导线越长，电阻就越大。

练习三

1. Current will not flow continually，since the circuit is broken by the insulating material．电流不再继续流动，因为电路被绝缘材料隔断了。

2.The working plan will be examined by a special committee first. 这个工作计划将现由一个特别委员会加以审查

3.If the pressure in a closed vessel is allowed to rise too high，the vessel will burst·如果听任密封容器中的压力过分升高，容器就会爆炸。

4.Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily；only a few questions 0t second importance remain to be discussed.大部分问题已经圆满解决了，只剩下几个次要问题有待讨论。

5.Now so much has been published on all kinds of subjects that even a specialist who devoted all his tune to reading Could not keep up with it·现在就各种问题发表了许多材料，即使是专家整天看材料也跟不上。

6.Therefore，when we are received with so much honor and so much kindness in this great country。1 believe that the People's Republic of China is doing a very significant thing。因此，当我们在这个伟大的国家里受到这样隆重和盛情的接待时，我认为中华人民共和国这样做是有重大意义的。

7.Now fresh water is becoming scarce．But more and more is needed because of the increasing

number of people in the world·现在淡水越来越不足，而由于世界人口日益增长，淡水的需要量却越来越大。

8.It is required that the machine should be maintained at regular intervals·人们要求，

机器需要定期维修。

9.It should be pointed out that this process is oxidation·应该指出这一过程是氧化。

10.it is generally recognized that the insulation resistance of a cable is inversely

proportional to its length.普遍认为电缆的绝缘电阻与其长度成反比.

二、将下列否定句译成汉语

1.Such a poor state could not possibly have waged against its neighbor without from other

countries support．这样贫穷的国家如果没有他国的支持，后来根本不可能对其邻国发动战争。

2.Nothing in the world moves faster than light·世界上没有任何东西比光走得快。

3.All these metals are not good conductors．所有这些金属不都是良导体。

4.Not every minute difference is noted·并不是每一点细微差别都注意到了。

5.There is no material but will deform more or less under the action of force·在力的作

用下，各种材料或多或少都要变形。

6.They worked neither for fame nor for personal gains·他们工作一不为名二不为利。

7.The speed of light is too great to be measured with a simple unit·光的速度太大，以致

于不能用简单的单位来度量。

8.A1though he explained it t0 her，she was stem completely at sea.尽管他给她作了解释，

可她仍然迷惑不解。

9.We were kept in the dark as to future plans·我们对未来的计划一无所知。

10.Japan is the last country to invent radar，but England．发明雷达的国家决不是日本，而

是英国。

三、将下列强调句译成汉语

1.Much more important than the element itself·are some of its compounds·比这一元素本

身更重要的是它的一些化合物。

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2.Of considerable interest is that many planets revolve round the sun besides the earth·相当有趣的是，除地球外，有许多行星环绕太阳旋转。

3.With the development of electrical engineering，power can be transmitted over distance．随着电气工程的发展，电力可以远距离输送。

4.Surrounding the earth is a layer of air of great thickness．环绕地球的是一层厚度很大的空气。

5.Between atoms there is enough space for them to move，and move they do．原子之间有足够的空间让原子运动，而它们的确在运动。

6.Different metals do differ in their conductivity．不同的金属一定具有不同的导电性能。

7.It is the power station that s supplies the motive power t0 the whole city．供给全城动力的就是发电站。

8.It was Newton who proved mathematically that the path of a planet must be an ellipse．用数学证明行星的轨道必定是个椭圆的，就是牛顿。

9.It is only through a great deal of practice that we shall be able to operate this machine tool．只有通过大量实践，我们才能操作这台机床。

1 O．The notions of energy thermodynamics emphasizes．能的概念为热力学所强调。

四、将下列虚拟句译成汉语

1.If these stamps were genuine，they Would be worth a lot of money．这些邮票如果是真的，可就值大钱了。

2.If this bridge had been built of armored concrete，its strength Would have been much greater·这座桥要是当今用钢筋混凝土建造，它的强度就会大大提高。

3.If any country were in the same position that we are，they Would be making the same case with the same force and conviction．假如任何国家处在我国所处的地位的话，他们也会跟我们一样坚定不移地持同样的态

4.The nation was on its knees and，were nothing done．would soon be prostrate．国家处境不妙，如果不想一点办法，就会完蛋。

5.Without her advice，I Would have failed．假如没有她的劝告，我想必已失败了。

6.I suppose poor Mary is all broken up．1 would be in her case,我想可怜的玛丽已伤心透了。

如果我处在她的地位，我也会是这样的。

7.If computers were not used，our research work would be difficult．假使没有用计算机，

我们的研究工作就困难了。

8.How could he have operated the machine—tool if he hadn’t learned the technique some weeks

ago? 要是他在几个星期前没有学习技术，他怎么能操作这台机床呢?

9.She wished she had stayed at home．她但愿那时留在家中就好了。

10.I suppose when 1 was a young man I should have done the same fool thing．我想，如果

我是一个年轻人，我大概也会干出这样的蠢事来。

五、将下列长句译成汉语

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5c16478045.html,ster，its creation being thought to be one of today’s wonders，is nothing more thrall

a light that differs from ordinary lights only in that it is many times more powerful and

so can be applied in fields that no ordinary light or other substance has ever been able to get in．激光的发明被认为是当代的奇迹之一，其实激光也只不过是一种光线，与普通光线不同之处仅在于它的强度要大很多倍，因而能够用于任何普通光线或其他物质从未能进入的领域。

2. A good way of learning to make the should of a new language is to use recordings which

have pauses after each sentence viding you time to say what you have learnt before the next sentence comes．学习一种新的语言的发音有一种好办法，那就是利用录音，它可以在每句话后多留些间隙，以便你有时间在下一句还没出现之前练习你刚刚学过的东西。

3.Automatic control which is known as automation is not limited to such operations as have

some connect oil with the controlling or adjustment of individual machines or instruments， the system set up with automatic controls being， in a wider sense， a long producing line which enables materials to be fed from one end all the prophets to be turned

out at the other with the whole process being controlled automatically．自动控制，通常称为自动化。不仅限于那些与控制或调整个别机器或仪器有关的操作。从更广泛的意义上说，这种

7

自动控制建立的系统，是一个很长的生产线，从一端投入原料，到另一端制成产品，整个过程都是自动控制的。

4.Those who have scrupulously studied the national statistics have concluded that there is nothing in them that would support the general belief that there has been some lessening of ecologic inequality in the United States in recent decades．认真研究过国家统计数字的人们得出结论：统计数字中没有任何资料可以证实这个普遍的看法，即近几十年来美国的经济不平等现象有所减轻。

5.China has always been a disciplined and cultured nation，and if it seemed to old China hands that it was not，it is likely that it was the disturbing influence of western materialism and a morality that corrupted the personality of the Chinese who were in contact with it，and who thus became．in essence，its victims．中国一直是一个守纪律有文化的国家。如果对某些中国通来说，中国看来并不是那样，那很可能是由于西方的那种追求物质享受不讲道德是非的风气破坏性的影响，腐蚀了那些与这种影响接触的中国人的品格，在实质上这些人是这些影响的受害者。

6.Galileo was the first to explain by this method that any falling object，whether it weighs little or much，gains speed at the same rate while it falls，and any ball thrown' whatever its size and speed，has the same r pull from the earth bringing it down．伽利略首先用这种方法解释下述现象：即任何下落的物体，不管它是轻还是重，当它下降的时候，都以同样的加速度落下，人们抛出的任何球体，不管它体积的大小和运动速度如何，都受到同样的地球引力使它下坠。

7.Owing to the fact that electricity can be transmitted from where it is generated to where it is needed by means of power lines and transformers，large power stations can be built in remote places far from industrial centers or large cities，as is often the case with hydroelectric generating stations that are inseparable from water sources·由于借助于动力线和变压器，电可以从发电厂送往用电的地方，因此，大型发电厂可以建立在远离大工业中心和大城市的遥远的地方，不能离开水源的水力发电厂通常就是这样。

8.There are several reasons why he no longer appears to be the magician the world press

had made him out to be，an illusion which he ailed to discourage because，as he would admit himself。he has 3 tendency toward megalomania．国际新闻界曾经把他渲染成魔术师一般的人物，他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象，因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样的人了，这里面有几个原因。

9.While the higher IMF(International Monetary Fund)estimates may be better yardsticks of

economic progress，they have also aroused Third World concern that some hard—pressed developing nations may suddenly be seen as too well—off to receive needed World Bank loans．国际货币基金组织的估计可能是经济增长较好的衡量标准，但也引起了第三世界的担心，一些财政拮据的发展中国家也许会突然被认为很富裕，以致不能获取所需要的世界银行贷款。

1 O．There is just the same kind of difference between the mental operations of a man of

science and those of an ordinary person，as there is between the operations and the method of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales，and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights．科学家与普通人的思维活动的区别，无非是面包师或屠夫的操作与化学家的操作的区别：前者用普通的秤来称货物，后者则用天平和分得很细的砝码来进行艰难而复杂的分析。

8

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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上海牛津7年级英语基础训练题 Unit 1 I.Choose the right words to complete the sentences. 1.Thank you very much for your good _______________ (suggest/suggestion). 2.Do you think football is very ______________ (poluar/favourite) in China? 3.It’s time for you to __________ (decide/design) where to go. 4.It must be James. He has a _________(around/round) face and brown hair. 5.It’s ________(surprise/surprising) to know that one of our class teacher’s hobbies is to watch cartoon films. 6.The old man was ________ (finding/looking for) something. Perhaps he had lost the mobile phone. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5c16478045.html,plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1.Help _______________ to some foreign food, Kitty. (you) 2.Girls will go ______________ when they have time. (shop) 3.There are many ________________ children in some African(非洲的)countries. (home) 4.I’m going to ask him to draw some ______________ flowers on it. (love) 5.Shanghai has become a/an _________________ city. (nation) 6.Now, the Bund is one of the __________________ places in Shanghai. (popular) III.Choose the best answer. 1.My uncle works in _______ university here, but I don’t know which one. A. a B. an C. the D. / 2.It’s said that SARS had killed more than three ________ people in the world. A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundred of D. hundreds of 3.Peter pl ayed comuter games the whole day, ______ he didn’t have time to do his homewrok. A. but B. because C. so D. or 4.A: Is this your MP4? B: No. _______ is in the schoolbag. A. I B. Me C. My D. Mine 5.A: Would you like some______? B: Oh, yes. Just a little. A. pears B. oranges C. sugar D. apples 6.The students are going to raise some money _______ the poor families. A. of B. for C. to D. on 7.On the Nanjing Road Walkway you can see a lot of tourists _____ all over the world. A. in B. with C. from D. of 8.Tony spent ______ time on English than other boys in the class. A. few B. fewer C. little D. less 9.If you _______ sightseeing with them tomorrow, you should finish your work this evening.

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toy→toys玩具leaf→leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men男人tooth→teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词 冠词(article)放在名词之前，帮助说明该名词所指的对象。冠词分为不定冠词(indefinite article)和定冠词(definite article)两种。 不定冠词为a/an，用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物的“一个”。a用在以辅音开头的名词之前，an用在以元音开头的名词之前。例如： a hotel 一家旅馆 a chance 一次机会 a double room一个双人间 a useful book一本有用的书 an exhibition一次展览an honest man一个诚实的人 冠词只有一个，既the，表示某一类人或事物中特定的一个或一些。可用于单数或复数名词前，也可用于不可数名词前。例如： · the TV programs那些电视节目 the house那座房子 the Olympic Games奥运会 （三）代词 代词(pronoun)是用来指代人或事物的词。代词包括： 1。人称代词，如：I, you, they, it等； 2。物主代词，如：my, his, their, our, mine, hers等； 3。反身代词，如：myself, yourself, itself, ourselves, oneself等； 4。相互代词，如：each other, one another等； 5。指示代词，如：this, that, these, those, such, same等；

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