中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解

中考英语首字母填空解题技巧讲解

学法指导

1. 总述

首字母填空既考查学生对语法、词汇、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，也考查了学生对文章的阅读理解能力。其中，着重考查学生在具体的语境中运用语言知识的能力，根据文章内容进行合理的逻辑推断和分析概括的能力。一般来讲，在考试中，七个首字母，会涉及到不同词性。以名词、动词、形容词和副词为主，虚词为辅。

2. 解题技巧

（1）通读全文，了解大意

通读全文的目的是能够做到整体把握文章，迅速的了解文章大意，并且对文章的整体结构和中心思想有一个基本的了解。通读全文时，不宜看一空填一空，以免造成所填答案不符合全文的要求。

（2）把握段首句

中考的首字母往往以议论文为主，而段落的开首句，往往揭示了整段的段意。因此在考试中，把握好段首句，可以窥探到整段的全貌，以首句的时态，意义为立足点，可以方便我们判断整段的大意及主题。

（3）抓住关键词

文章的展开是按照一定的逻辑关系的，因此在文章中，作者也会使用一些关键的表现逻辑关系联词，例如：but、so、in addition等。这些关键词，可以帮助我们联系上下文展开合理的逻辑分析，了解所提问的特定语境和语篇的内在关系。

（4）熟悉考纲词组的固定搭配

考纲搭配在中考的考查中占据了重要的位置，而在首字母中，也出现过直接考查固定搭配的情况，因此，在平时的学习过程中，需要巩固好考纲词组。

（5）联系上下文解题

在解题过程中，应当遵循“先易后难”的原则，当遇到解不出的题时，应当跳过。首字母填空着重考查学生对上下文的理解，因此，很多情况下，随着下文的展开和文章的深入，前面填不出的词，在下文中会有提示。因此，学生在作答时，应当加强联系前后文，充分利用上下文中的有效信息，确定答案。

（6）重读文章，检验答案

当全部答完后，一定要把文章重新读一遍。查看文章是否通顺，语法是否有误。如果发现有不顺畅的地方，则需要再进行推敲。个别单词的形式要着重注意。例如：动词的时态，名词的单复数以及形容词副词的级。

过关检测

练习1

Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, loved books. Like many lovers of books, they s_____81_____walked past a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.

In order to realize their w_____82_____, they started by talking to bookstore owners and researching book business. One figure caught her attention: She had read somewhere that about 20 percent of books sold were mysteries(推理小说), and many buyers of mysteries spent more than $300 a year on books. She and Richard were mystery r_____83_____and had a big collection of such books.

On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Cafénear their home. With three children in college, it was i_____84_____for the couple to spend all the family’s money to start a shop. To cover the $100,000 cost, they used some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.

In order to a_____85_____customers, Mary always had new ways. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered presents to mystery lovers and served dinner for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited many writers to d_____86_____their stories with the buyers to let them understand the stories better. Now after paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, Richard and Mary together earn about $34,000.

“The job we love may not go hand in hand with lots of money,” says Richard. “We do this to give an e_____87_____life to ourselves. This is not about making a lot of money. What matters is that we gain happiness from it.”

【参考答案】seldom、wish、readers、impossible、attract、discuss、enjoyable

小结

本篇文章描述了一对夫妇，因为热爱读书，最终也开了一家自己的书店的经历。文章难度适中。很多学生容易出错的是86题。很多学生填的是describe(描述),错误的原因是没有看到后面的介词搭配“with”，如果是describe的话，适当的介词应该选用“to”。因此，在做首字母时，需要前后文综合考虑。另外，最后一题，很多学生写的是exiting，但是没有注意到文章最后一句“gain happiness”，因此这里填enjoyable（快乐的）更为合适。

词汇积累：

练习2

Most people know that intelligence quotient (IQ) is important, but EQ is probably more important in daily life. When facing an exam, EQ helps us to manage our feelings. When getting along with friends or parents, EQ helps us to c_____81_____well.

EQ is shaped partly by genetics（基因）. You can see some babies are quiet, while others are not.

B_____82_____, EQ is something you can learn for yourself. You can learn what different feelings might mean and how they relate to yourself and others. If we learn in the right way, our EQ can get better as we get older. Children with a high EQ usually have greater success with making friends. Having a high EQ needs a few different skills. Learning about these skills can help us to i_____83_____our EQ. But what are they? Let’s take a look!

1. Know yourself

Most people feel many different feelings t_____84_____the day. Some feelings like surprise last just a few seconds. Others, like happiness and sadness, may stay around much l_____85_____. Being able to recognize these everyday feelings is the most basic of all EQ skills.

2. Manage yourself

We all get angry. We all have disappointments. But we need to control it. It is not always the right time or place to express our feelings. When you are angry with someone, take a deep breath and s_____86_____count to 10. This way, you can calm down.

3. Encourage yourself

When you fail an exam, you may be disappointed. But there is something more effective you can do—learn to encourage yourself. It gives you the energy and c_____87_____to move on. It helps you to build a strong heart.

【参考答案】communicate、Besides、improve、throughout/through、longer、slowly/silently/simply、confidence/courage

小结

本篇文章向我们介绍了什么是情商，并且如何提高情商。文章有一定的难度，选材并不属于学生特别熟悉的范畴。另外，所填的词属于较难高频词，对于成绩中等或者偏下的学生来说，具有一定的杀伤力。因此，在平时的学习中，应当着重加强高频词汇的拼写和运用。另外，在填写首字母时，也应当注意所填词的正确形式。例如，本文中85题前有much，因此注意到所填词需要用比较级。

词汇积累：

练习3

You know that eating a sensible diet and getting plenty of exercise help make your body healthy and strong. But do you know that there are ways to make your brain healthier and smarter? Here are seven steps toward a smarter brain.

Limit your TV viewing

Never spend too much time on TV viewing, for it n_____81_____very little brain activities. Your brain will become weak just as your muscles do. If you do watch TV, choose something educational and meaningful.

Travel

Travelling to a_____82_____country forces you to see and do things in a fresh way, bringing stimulation to the brain.

Learn a new a language

Learning a new language involves different learning methods. Learning a language sharpens your brains and helps prevent memory p_____83_____that you may meet in later years.

Read often

As you read, take the time to look up people or places that aren’t familiar. Reading makes your vocabulary much l_____84_____if you always search for words and definitions that you don’t know. Each week, choose an animal, a bird or a fish, and read everything you can about it. Stretch your brain as you become an expert on the subject.

Calculate w_____85_____ you shop

As you put things in your grocery cart, total everything in your head. See how close you get to the actual total.

Use your non-dominant（不占优势的）hand

If you are right-handed, use your left hand for everyday activities, or use your right hand if you are left-handed. Doing familiar things in a different way will make your brain c_____86_____new neural networks. Wechat（微信）！

Read messages from people who have different interests. And some say that learning to express y_____87_____in just 100 words is a great brain challenge.

Have a try and do these every day. Little by little you can get into the habit of challenging your brain, and make your brain smarter!

【参考答案】needs、another、problems、larger、when/while、create/cause、yourself/yourselves

小结

本篇文章向我们介绍了如何锻炼我们的大脑。本文难度适中，句子结构并不复杂。上下文之间的逻辑关系比较紧密。但是所填词的难度在于学生不能轻易的填出所需的适当形式。例如，81题，所填词为needs。在这里需要判断出need是一个实意动词，并不是情态动词，因此它有时态变化。而主语是“it”，因此需要加“s”。83题，所填词为problems。很多学生容易写成单数，没有注意到problem是可数名词，前面没有冠词“a”，因此需要添加“s”。84题，是很多学生容易失分的题目。首先，很多学生不理解vocabulary的含义。另外，在这里的搭配是make sth adj.，解释为使......怎么样，因此填写的是形容词，而前面有much，因此填写比较级。

词汇积累：

练习4

The story behind the shopping cart

Characters

Sylvan Goldman--- owner of a grocery shop

Fred Young—Sylvan’s friend, a mechanic(机械师)

One night in 1936, in an American city. Inside Fred’s workshop. Sylvan sits next to Fred, who is making adjustments（调试）to their new i_____81_____—a shopping cart.

Sylvan: My customers don’t like our shopping cart.

Fred: Really? So they p_____82_____shopping with those heavy baskets?

Sylvan: (nods)I’ve got a huge crowd of customers every day, b_____83_____none of them wants to use the cart.

Fred: I don’t understand .We invited the cart so people don’t need to carry a basket around the shop. Sylvan: (laughs) And so that they will buy more groceries!

Fred: So why don’t they like the shopping cart?

Sylvan: Young men think that pushing a cart around makes them look w_____84_____and slow, and young women think it’s unfashionable.

Fred: Of course it isn’t fashionable right now. It’s only just been invented! But I’m sure older people will appreciate it.

Sylvan: Um...

Fred: What? They don’t like the cart e_____85_____？

Sylvan: Well, they think pushing it makes them look helpless!

Fred: Oh, no. We need to do someth ing, Fred. We can’t just g_____86_____up on this invention!

Sylvan: We won’t. (He gets up and walks around the room. Suddenly, he stops) Aha! I’ve got an idea.

Fred: What is it?

Sylvan: I’ll hire(雇佣) some good-looking guys and girls to push the carts around and pretend

they are shopping.

Fred: Oh! So the real shoppers will see these attractive people using the carts and think, ‘Hey,

if it’s good enough for them, it’s good enough for me!’

Sylvan: E_____87_____.

Fred: Hey! Maybe you could get one of the girls to greet your customers and encourage

them to use the cart.

Sylvan: Great idea!

【参考答案】invention、prefer、but、weak、either、give、Exactly

小结

本文的题材比较新颖。是一个店主和机械师关于如何推广和鼓励消费者使用手推车的对话。文章的难点在于文章的逻辑并不像议论文那么紧密，需要在理解对话的基础上，进行判断。学生容易错的是81题，很多学生写的是idea。错误在于没有联系上下文的搭配。破折号后面是购物车，因此这里调试的应该是一个实物。所以填invention更合适。此外，87题是很多学生头痛的一个词。因为这个词考查了在语境中的使用。exactly本义为确切地。而在英语对话中，往往可以一个词来表达同意前面一个人所说的内容，解释为确实如此。在平时的英语学习过程中，应当加强词汇在语境中的运用。注重中文与英文在表达上的不同。

词汇积累：

练习5

Do you get angry when your friends sing loudly while you are trying to work or when your best friend does not wait for you after school?

If you do, you need to take control of your feelings. Getting angry with others can cause you to l_____81_____friends.

Cary Egeberg, an American high school teacher, has written a book named My Feelings Are Just Like Wild Animals to help you control your feelings .The book tells how to stay cool when b_____82_____things happen.

The book says that getting angry only makes problems w_____83_____. It can never make them better. “Getting angry is not a natural way to act,” the book says. “It is just a habit, like smoking.’’

The book says you can control you feelings e_____84_____---all you have to do is to tell yourself not to be angry.

The book gives many tips to help you if you get angry frequently. Here are the top three:

● Keep a r_____85_____.Every time you get angry, write down why you are angry. Look at it later and you will see you get angry so often.

● Ask your friends to s_____86_____talking to you when you get angry. Leave you alone. This will teach you not to be angry.

● Do something d_____87_____. When you get angry, walk away from the problem and go somewhere else. Try to laugh.

【参考答案】lose、bad、worse、easily、record、stop、different

小结

本文是关于如何控制自己的情绪。文章结构清晰，逻辑紧密，难度适中。本大题容易出错的词是85题。record 这个词在考纲中既可以作动词，也可以作名词。作名词时解释为“记录、唱片”。很多学生没有想到这个词，因为record这个词是很多学生记忆盲点。从下文来看，需要写下为什么生气，方便日后可以查看。因此这条建议应该是做一个记录。在平时的单词学习中，应该对考纲中不熟悉的单词相应的做好笔记，并且试着自己造句进行理解和运用。

词汇积累：

练习6

Positive (积极的) people are usually happy. They often have a lot of friends. When they have a problem, they try to change the problem i_____84_____a chance .They believe things always work out. But can positive thinking really make someone’s life better? Many scientists are studying positive thinking. They are finding out some very interesting information.

Your Health

The Mayo Clinic is a famous medical organization in the United States. It studies many things, including positive thinking. Their research proves that positive thinking has many advantages. First, positive thinking s_____84_____good health. Positive people don’t worry about the bad events in life, so they stay healthy. Positive people are a_____84_____likely to exercise and eat healthy foods. Because of this, they don’t usually get sick and don’t have many health problems.

At work

Dr. Michael is a professor in Germany. His research shows that positive people do well in jobs. There are several reasons for this. Positive people are creative. They don’t expect o_____84_____to help them with problems. They solve problems themselves. And positive people don’t give up. They keep trying to learn ne w things.

Becoming Positive

In the past, scientists thought attitude n_____84_____changed. Now, many psychologists think people can become more positive. There are many different ways to change. Here are some examples. First, think about gook events in you r life. At the end of a day, ask,” What good things happened to me today?” Think about these things for a few minutes. Second, find interesting a_____84_____to do. Laugh at a funny movie or read a good book .Finally, always try new things. For example, you can talk to people you don’t know or shop in a different store. Do different things every day.

A good life

Life can be d_____84_____sometimes. Don’t give up or be negative. Take action. Think about the future and make a plan. You can learn to be positive.

【参考答案】into、supports、always、others、never、activities、difficult

小结

本文主要讲述了正面的积极的思考的重要性以及如何做到积极思考。本大题最难的词是82题。很多学生想不到support这个词。原因在于，support在考纲中的解释为“支持”。但是，显然这个含义在此句中略显不通顺。其实，这是中文和英文的表达习惯上的差异。而现在首字母的考查趋势也强调词汇在语境中的运用。因此，平时应当加强阅读量，并且当发现词汇在语境中的运用，与我们中文习惯有差异时，应当着重注意。

词汇积累：

练习7

Have you seen the latest Hollywood movie Sherlock Holmes?

Holmes is a character created by British writer Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. His books were so popular that Holmes s_____81_____became “the most famous detective in the world”. What do you need to be a good detective?

Holmes is back! In the movie Sherlock Holmes, this great detective, faces a dangerous man, Lord Blackwood. Together with his best friend Dr. Watson, Holmes stops Blackwood’s plan to c_____82_____the world with black “magic”.

Most of us are not as clever as Holmes. But we can also work out mysteries(谜案) on our own. All we have to do is to follow some simple rules.

Rule No. 1: Justice (正义) is most important.

No matter how smart he or she is, the most important quality for a detective is being good. In the movie, Lord Blackwood and Sherlock Holmes are both very clever. The difference is that Lord Blackwood is a bad man and he does bad things. Holmes can b_____83_____him on the side of justice.

Rule No.2: Have sharp eyes.

Every bad man tries to cover up what he did. But not all things can be covered up easily. A good detective can discover clues hidden at crime scenes with sharp eyes. For example, Holmes can find out a man’s p_____84_____information like age and habits simply by looking at his footprints.

Rule No.3: A good a_____85_____ is a great help.

Even though Holmes has knowledge about many subjects, such as chemistry, botany（植物学）and anatomy(解

剖学), he still needs Dr. Watson’s help to fight with him. You should also have s_____86_____as your helper, especially if you don’t know as much as Holmes.

Rule No.4: Logic(逻辑) is the key.

When all the necessary clues are put together, you’d better think carefully. If you can’t work it out i_____87_____, don’t be worried or anxious. Just take a deep breath and focus on thinking. Logic can help yo u discover missing clues.

【参考答案】soon、control、beat、personal、assistant、someone、immediately

小结

本文以福尔摩斯为背景，向我们介绍了如何破案。本文有一定的难度。81题，学生不容易想到soon这个词，很多学生会填写suddenly。但是，suddenly表示一种出乎意料的突然性，而前文写到Conan Doyle的书非常的畅销，因此福尔摩斯这个角色成为世界最有名的侦探应该情理之中的，并不突然，因此soon会更合适。82题，有的学生容易写成change。改变世界是一个中性词，而这里福尔摩斯要阻止Blackwood的计划，因此应该是偏向有贬义的，所以填写control，阻止他控制世界，较为合适。86题，考查不定代词，是很多学生的薄弱之处。这里需要理解as的含义，解释为“作为”，所以通过整句的理解，他需要一个人来作为他的助手。另外，学生应理解someone解释为“某人”而不是“一些人”。

词汇积累：

练习8

Who makes movies? Actors and directors, of course. But if you watch the credits(字幕)at the end of a movie, you’ll find hundreds of other names. Some of them are not f_____81____, but they play the most important roles in filmmaking. Here are three important jobs behind the scenes.

Makeup artist: Making characters look believable

The makeup artist’s work sounds simple. But it’s more than just making the lead actress look beautiful. If the hero gets a cut on his face, the makeup artist creates that cut, and it has to look e_____82____ the same tomorrow. And the special makeup for a monster or a space alien can take six hours! Sometimes makeup artists have only fifteen minutes to p____83_____twenty actors for a crowd scene. Their work must always be careful and good so you don’t notice it when watch the movie.

Special effects coordinator(协调人)：Making impossible things look real

After a movie, people often ask, “How did they do that?” In films, people can fly, dinosaurs walk through cities, and spaceships travel to other p_____84_____in outer space. These are all the work of the special effects coordinator. Some special effects, especially in science fiction movies, are made with computers. O_____85____are made by machines, which can make a rainy day or a snowy night at any time of the year. Fires and explosions in movies are created with special effects.

Foley artist: Creating the sounds of the cinema

Think of your favourite scary movie and its sounds—footsteps, loud rain, and creaking doors. All of these are work of the Foley artist. Many sounds can’t be recorded d_____86_____the filming of a movie, so Foley artists p_____87_____them in their studios(工作室). They create the sounds of a fight scene, and the wind, rain, and thunder in the backgro und. In a Foley artist’s studio, there are even special floors for recording different kinds of footsteps.

Next time you see a move, look for these names in the credits.

【参考答案】famous、exactly/even、prepare、planets、Others、during、produce

小结

本篇文章向我们介绍了电影制作的幕后工作者：化妆师、特效师和音效师。本文难度适中，学生容易出错的是82题。有学生写了especially（特别），这个词并不符合上下文的含义。

文章要表达的意思是今天的妆容，要和明天的一样。如果写exactly，可以翻译为和明天完全一样。如果写even，可以理解为甚至和明天也一样。所以这两个答案都可以。83题，也是不少学生头痛的题目。prepare A for B是大家都熟悉的词组，但是在学习过程中，很多学生片面的认为prepare后面只能填写物，不能填写人，导致学生在做题时不敢填写prepare，其实人和物都可以跟在prepare之后。例如：We should well prepare ourselves for the future.（我们应该好好为未来做好准备。）

词汇积累：

练习9

Have you ever seen an exhibition of rare Mexican grey wolves? There are five male wolves in Brookfield Zoo now. The exhibition is d_____81_____into two areas, an indoor room and a peaceful outdoor viewing or playing area. In the indoor area of the exhibition, which is small and can e_____82_____become crowded, you can see the wolves t_____83_____one-way glass and also enjoy a few different activities.

One of these activities is very interesting. You stand in a dark room, listening to recorded wolf howls(长嚎). You can really get an idea of what it feels like to be in a dark and d_____84_____forest. After about a minute and a half, some wolves in the woods a_____85_____on the wall in front of you. It is a great experience for n_____86_____lovers.

In the outdoor area of the exhibition, there is a small river, ponds, fallen trees and a wetland. Visitors can walk among lifelike models of wolf prey(猎物), learning about different hunting s_____87_____the wolves use, how they store their food and how they communicate, while watching the wolves from behind an electric fence.

After a tour of the exhibition, you can read Wolf Brother written by Paver. It was made into a movie by director Ridley Scott.

Welcome to our exhibition of rare Mexican grey wolves.

【参考答案】divided、easily、through、dangerous、appear、nature、skills

小结

本篇文章向我们介绍了墨西哥灰狼展。文章栩栩如生的介绍了展览的区域和活动，并且描述了参观者身临其境的感受。学生容易出错的是81题，divide解释为划分，这个词学生平时不常用，而且这里考到了被动语态。因此学生容易犯错。86题，有的学生会写成natural，解释为自然的。其实这里应当填写名词，nature lovers解释为喜爱自然的人，例如：book lovers，爱书的人。87题，skills要注意填写复数。因为前面有different 一词。本文难度适中，学生应当在加强阅读理解能力的同时，也要加强基础知识的训练。

词汇积累：

练习10

Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and to learn. For more than 100 years, libraries have played an important role in Americans’ e_____81_____. But how are these book-filled building changing with the times? You may be surprised to find out.

Benjamin Franklin famously found the American first lending library in 1731.But the public library system got its b_____82_____development in the American history in the late 1800’s. Businessman Andrew Carnegie donated(捐赠) millions of dollars to help build free public libraries across the country. Between 1886 to 1996, Carnegie’s donation helped build 1,673 new libraries.

Carnegie believed in the chances that libraries could o_____83_____Americans, young and old. He knew the more libraries there were, the more people would have access(接触的机会)to books, lectures, news and more.

Chances are that there is a public library in or near your c_____84_____. You can easily find one close to your home. After all, the United States has 9,225public libraries. Today, libraries keep growing. Seven out of ten libraries have free Internet. This opens many doors for people who cannot go online at home, i_____85_____the opportunity to apply for jobs online.

Libraries are also teaching kids about the fun of reading. The new programme Read! Build! Play! adds reading to playtime. As kids listen to a book being read aloud, they use Legos (乐高积木)to build images from the story h_____86_____. Today’s libraries are always looking for creative programs to bring people into the library.

Benjamin Franklin once said, “The doors of wisdom are never s_____87_____.” As long as the doors of public libraries are open, what he said is mostly correct!

【参考答案】education、biggest、offer、community、including、happily/heard、shut

小结

本文介绍了图书馆的重要性。文章难度较大，生词较多，并且句子结构比较复杂，对于学生来说是一个不小的挑战。86题，看似没有提示，其实在文章的一开始写到“Libraries give kids a quiet and safe place to read and to learn.”其中的“read and learn”就是在提示这里写的应该是education（教育）。83题，很多学生不知道从何下手。其实是因为句子结构没有分析清楚。这里括号中其实是一个定语从句。Carnegie believed in the chances (that libraries could o_____83_____Americans),这里括号中其实是一个定语从句。定语从句是修饰先行词chances，因此在翻译的时候应当翻译成怎么样的机会。这样就很容易能够得出是offer。因此，在平时的学习中，应当加强对定语从句的判断以及翻译。85题，其实并不难，但是很多学生填不出，是因为不清楚opportunity（机会）以及apply for（申请）的含义。因此，在平时阅读中，应当多积累高频词汇，并且加以记忆。

词汇积累：

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