江苏省淮阴中学2021年高三下学期期初考试英语试题

江苏省淮阴中学2021年高三下学期期初考试英语试题

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、单项选择

1．The art historians tried to figure out how the temple ______ when built around 15 B．C．A．might look B．might have looked

C．must look D．must have looked

2．Japan is facing an ageing population, with the population ______ from the current 127 million to 90 million.

A．expecting to shrink B．expected to shrink

C．expecting to have shrunk D．expected to have shrunk

3．“______, we believe the overall policy stand to sup port a two-way opening of the Chinese capital marked and it will continue this year.” he added.

A．As some bottlenecks are difficult to be broken

B．As some bottlenecks are difficult to break

C．Difficult as some bottlenecks are to be broken

D．Difficult as some bottlenecks are to break

4．In some countries,the president can ______ somebody from death penalty.

A．punish B．inspect

C．charge D．privilege

5．Chance favors only the prepared mind.That is telling us to be prepared until the opportunity presents ______ .

A．one B．itself

C．you D．this

6．Judging from the message they convey, these two chapters are ______ independent of each other, that is, they are not in connection with the other at all.

A．literally B．arbitrarily

C．randomly D．optionally

7．The pattern of sharing in tasks and decisions ______ equality, and this ______ leads to further sharing.

A．accounts for, in return B．differs from, in turn

C．makes for, in turn D．arise from, in return

8．Everyone in the tourist industry has made the point that Government assistances is helpful, what they actually need most is for the visitors themselves to return.

A．as B．when

C．while D．since

9．Women are so accustomed to decades of ______ and to ______ histories of women whose contributions went unnoticed that they assume these conditions still exist today.

A．being ignored,be heard B．ignoring,be heard

C．ignored,hearing D．being ignored,hearing

10．It’s true that beauty does not always meet with a single, uniform standard. A person’s cultural background, for example, may influence ______ he or she find attractive in others. A．that B．which

C．what D．when

11．As the water comes from steam released during the cooking process it is already clean, but Mr Seal said it will be ______ an additional purification process before being reused. A．put through B．pulled up

C．got over D．given out

12．McDonald’s announced the Beijing-based corporate group ______ the franchise（特许经营）bid to run its China operations for the next 20 years on Monday.

A．won B．would win

C．has won D．had won

13．While most of western festivals enjoy great popularity worldwide, Halloween is something of a ________ festival in England as camps are divided as its appeal.

A．confidential B．controversial

C．conservative D．conventional

14．China’s top education authority has implemented a revision of textbooks on the length of the country’s war against Japanese aggression, ______ the start of the war began on Sept 18,1931.

A．one that B．one where

C．the one that D．the one where

15．—The owner of the small shop fought to stop the big corporation from knocking it down. —Yes, and he finally made it. It was indeed ______.

A．a catch-11 situation B．a Pandora’s box

C．a David and Goliath battle D．a Jekyll and Hyde existence

二、完形填空

Research confirm that performing acts of kindness and sharing thankful thoughts have many positive effects on mood and health. They are among the top five predictors of happiness.

When you feel thankful for something, that’s gratitude. You never get it out of 16 ; you are clear who or what is responsible, whether that’s a loved one, a strange, or a higher power. Gratitude is how you 17 to others when you see yourself in connection with things larger than yourself. 18 , this understanding of our reliance on others is becoming more 19 today. With commercial and social media, everything makes the younger generation feel that they are the 20 of the universe. If it’s all about them, why thank others?

If true, there would be a disturbing 21 trend. Canadian researchers found that people who wrote thank-you letters or performed good deeds for a six-week period decreased their pain, upped their energy, and improved their mental health. And you can 22 these benefits at any age. Old people who choose to be thankful are less likely to worry about their 23 health.

Gratitude tends to be easily spread, as well. Those who are helped are more likely to pay kindness 24 . One study found that when someone is thanked, it more than doubles his or her chances of being 25 again, likely because he or she enjoys feeling socially

26 .

If you aren’t particularly grateful now, you can learn to be. People who keep a journal of three positive things that happen to them each day 27 health-including thankfulness. At first, it may be difficult to 28 the good things that occur. But 29 , your train gets trained into a more appreciative mode. And in the end, the journal becomes a book of joyful 30 . Gratitude training certainly comes to your aid during the 31 times because a greater appreciation for life is the 32 you focus on.

33 your gratefulness directly with the person you feel grateful to, the benefits of happiness 34 . You don’t need a scientific study to know that showing and accepting gratitude can ensure you an 35 life, a much better life than you thought. 16．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 17．A．refer B．submit C．subscribe D．relate

18．A．Therefore B．Meanwhile C．Besides D．However 19．A．strange B．difficult C．stubborn D．ridiculous 20．A．master B．center C．survivor D．creator 21．A．health B．mental C．cultural D．industrial 22．A．continue B．approach C．sustain D．reap 23．A．original B．improving C．failing D．falling 24．A．upward B．downward C．backward D．forward 25．A．thankful B．respectful C．helpful D．careful 26．A．valued B．influenced C．attracted D．noticed 27．A．cultivate B．emphasize C．benefit D．transmit 28．A．analyze B．recognize C．summarize D．organize 29．A．roughly B．decidedly C．gradually D．accidentally 30．A．essays B．thoughts C．files D．memories 31．A．dark B．golden C．special D．urgent 32．A．scene B．part C．plan D．session 33．A．Supplying B．Experiencing C．Starting D．Recalling 34．A．disappear B．accumulate C．emerge D．weaken 35．A．enriched B．engaged C．enlarged D．enabled

三、阅读选择

OUR PRODUCT RANGE

WELCOME TO

NELSON HONEY& MARKETING

For over 100 years the Cropp family have worked with nature, extracting the honey delicately, to bring you the finest quality New Zealand Honey. In 1973 third generation beekeeper Philip Cropp, after learning all there is to know about bees and beekeeping from his parents and grandparents before them, established Nelson Honey & Marketing. His passion for bees, the many wonderful products they produce and amazing health benefits they may provide, have seen Nelson Honey grow from humble beginnings to a hugely successful company with a growing range of honey products sought after worldwide.

Philip’s “Honey will fix it” approach is legendary among friends, neighbours and customers and has been the driver behind some of the revolutionary products he developed over the years like Nectar Ease and Royal Nectar.

You will find our products fit into 1 (or more) of 3 categories, each of which has a different colour to make it easier for you to navigate to the information you’re after.

Nutrition is all about our honeys. Manuka Honey, sourced from the Marlborough Sounds, Kahurangi National Park and throughout the top of New Zealand’s South Island; West Coast Honey, a delicious multi-floral honey also described as the fruit bowl of honeys comes from the rugged(崎岖的) and pristine(原始状态的) West Coast of the South Island; and finally Honeydew Honey which comes from the Beech forests of the Nelson Lakes areas. All our honeys are great as a food and may offer added benefits.

Health covers a range of different products, all of which are aimed at helping you feel great and stay healthy. Nectar Ease is our sought after Manuka Honey with added Bee Venom

range. In this range you’ll also find Propolis, Pollen, Manuka Oil and Apple Cider Vinegar with added Manuka Honey.

Finally our Skincare range is where you will find a range of Manuka Honey soaps as well as our world-famous Royal Nectar products; anything from the Original Face Mask to the new gift packs.

To read more about how it all started, check out the About Us section, or go straight to Products to order your own goodies.

36．If I had a backache and meanwhile wanted to improve my skin, what honey products from Nelson Honey & Marketing would you recommend?

A．West Coast And Royal Nectar

B．Bee Venom Range and Honeydew Honey

C．Royal Nectar and Manuka Honey

D．Manuka Honey and Apple Cider Vinegar

37．What is the main purpose of this article?

A．To promote honey products from Nelson Honey& Marketing.

B．To introduce a family enterprise-Nelson Honey&Marketing.

C．To attract readers to pay a visit to New Zealand and buy honey products.

D．To analyze benefits of honey and honey products.

If you watch wolves, it’s hard to escape the conclusion that perhaps no two species are more alike behaviorally than wolves and human. Living as we do in families, we can easily recognize the social structures and status search in wolf packs. No wonder Native Americans recognized in wolves a sibling spirit. And no wonder human males often face pressure to measure up as “alpha” males—to “wolf up,” as it were. The term alpha male indicates a man who at every moment demonstrates that he’s in control in the home and who can become aggressive.

This alpha male stereotype comes from a misunderstanding of the real thing. By observing wolves in free-living packs in Yellowstone National Park, I’ve seen that the leadership of the ranking male is not forced, not domineering, and not aggressive to those on his team. “The main characteristic of an alpha male wolf,” the experienced wolf researcher Rick McIntyre told me as we were watching gray wolves, “is a quiet confidence, quiet self-assurance. You know what you need to do; you know w hat’s best for your pack. You lead by example. You’re very

comfortable with that. You have a calming effect.”

The point is, alpha males are not aggressive. They don’t need to be. “Think of an emotionally secure man or a great champion. Whatever he needed t o prove is already proven,” he said.

There is an evolutionary logic to it. “Imagine two wolf packs, or two human tribes,” McIntyre said. “Which is more likely to survive and reproduce: the one whose members are more cooperative, more sharing, less violent with one another, or the group whose members are beating each other up and competing with one another?”

Thus, an alpha male may be a major player in a successful hunt, but after the takedown of the prey(猎物), he may step away and sleep until his pack has eaten and is full.

McIntyre has spent 20 years watching and studying wolves in Yellowstone for the National Park Service. He rises early, uses radio telemetry to pinpoint the location of a pack via a radio-collared pack member, then heads out with his spotting scope to observe the animals, keeping careful notes of their activities.

In all that time, he has rarely seen an alpha male act aggressively toward the pack’s other members. They are his family—his mate, offspring (both biological and adopted), and maybe a sibling.

This does not mean that alpha males are not tough when they need to be. One famous wolf in Yellowstone whose radio collar number, 21, became his name, was considered a “super wolf” by the people who closely observed the arc of his life. He was fierce in defense of family and apparently never lost a fight with a rival pack. Yet within his own pack, one of his favorite things was to wrestle with little pups.

“And what he really loved to do was to pretend to lose. He just got a huge kick out of it,” McIntyre said.

One year, a pup was a bit sickly. The other pups seemed to be afraid of him and wouldn’t play with him. Once, after delivering food for the small pups, 21 stood looking around for something. Soon he started wagging his tail. He’d been loo king for the sickly little pup, and he went over just to hang out with him for a while.

Of all McIntyre’s stories about the super wolf, that’s his favorite. Strength impresses us. But kindness is what we remember best.

Biologists used to consider the alpha male the undisputed boss. But now they recognize two hierarchies at work in wolf packs—one for the males, the other for the females.

Doug Smith, the biologist who is the project leader for the Yellowstone Gray Wolf Restoration Project, said the females “do most of the decision making” for the pack, including where to travel, when to rest, and when to hunt. The matriarch’s(女族长的) personality can set the tone for the whole pack, Smith said. Or, as McIntyre put it: “It’s the alpha female who really runs the sh ow.”

Clearly, our alpha male stereotype could use a corrective makeover. Men can learn a thing or two from real wolves: less snarl, more quiet confidence, leading by example, faithful devotion in the care and defense of families, respect for females, and a sharing of responsibilities. That’s really what wolfing up should mean.

38．What does the “alpha male stereotype” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A．That wolves have a sibling spirit.

B．That wolves and humans are alike.

C．That humans face pressure to be alpha males.

D．That alpha males are aggressive and in control home.

39．Why is the example of M21 mentioned?

A．To compare it with other super wolves.

B．To illustrate that it is Mclntyre’s favorite.

C．To prove alpha males are tough if necessary.

D．To show how the research was carried out.

40．Which of the following images most resembles a real alpha male?

A．A strict father who never smiles at his children.

B．A father who does most of the decision making.

C．A powerful executive shouting at a board meeting.

D．A general who never loses a battle in defense of his country.

41．The best title of the passage should be “________”.

A．Wolf families B．Alpha males

C．Supreme bosses D．The matriarch

Philosophers sometimes pay a high price for standing by their philosophies.

Socrates drank hemlock after being convicted of（被定罪）corrupting the youth of ancient Athens. Civilly （谦恭的）disobedient （不服从的）Henry David Thoreau went to jail rather than pay his taxes.

And Assya and Mario Pascalev, philosophers from Bethesda, Md., are going without air conditioning.

Pepco shut off power to the couple’s Colonial home on Aug.4 after the Pascalevs—both of whom have doctorate degrees in philosophy-declined to pay a monthly $14 fee for refusing installation of a smart meter. They’re sweating ou t an August heat wave with their two teenage children and their Kerry blue terrier-that is, when they’re not taking refuge at Bethesda’s Hilton Garden Inn.

“We can afford to pay,” Assya Pascalev said of the couple’s power bill, which stands at $634.94 after a two-year battle. “It’s not a matter of money, it’s a matter of principle.”

The couple, whose story was first reported by Bethesda magazine, have put no small amount of thought into their stand.

Many Americans may not have noticed as utilities （公用事业）across the country replaced old-fashioned meters read by humans with smart meters that can be read remotely.

The Pascalevs, scrutinizing their Pepco bill in their home near Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School, did take note-and not just because of a one-time $75 opt-out（撤出）fee that preceded the monthly charge. Mario Pascalev, who works in IT, has an academic paper in the works about moral issues created by complicated software user agreements. Assya is a Howard University professor who studies biomedical ethics.

“When you have a conscientious objection, it’s a thought process rather than an arbitrary or emotional reaction,” she said.

The first problem with smart meters, according to the Pascalevs: a lack of privacy. The meters, designed to help “maintain your budget and control your energy costs,” according to Pepco’s website, offer too much information to utility companies and those who might hack them.

“Each appliance has a signature and consumes a specific amount of power,” a perspiring Mario Pascalev said as h e wiped his brow in the sweltering dining room. “If I am given this information, I would know where you are in the house.”

And there are health and safety considerations, the Pascalevs say. Some argue that smart meters cause fires and are a source of dangerous radiation similar to cellphones and microwaves. The Maryland Public Service Commission, the administrative body that governs Pepco, says such concerns are unfounded.

Jonathan Libber, the president of Maryland Smart Meter Awareness, an anti-smart meter

advocacy group, said smart meters were never tested for health effects before being installed altogether.

“We may find 10 to 15 years from now there is a huge spike in childhood leukemia（白

血病）,” he said. “What do you say, ‘We’re sorry’?” Citing the pr eliminary results of a National Institutes of Health study that may link cellphone radiation to tumors in rats, Libber added: “I would no longer say that these things may be dangerous. I would say they are dangerous.”

“We’re probably more sensitive to limitations on individual liberties,”Assya Pascalev said. Pepco, however, counters that smart meters bring a host of benefits. The meters don’t just help consumers save money but communicate information about power use and outages(运行中断) that improves customer service.

As Pepco seeks a 10 percent rate increase in Maryland, the family is not alone in its stand against smart meters. Deborah V ollmer of Chevy Chase-known for a seven-year court battle with a neighbor over use of a shared driveway-is refusing to pay opt-out fees and is also financing the Pascalevs’s $200 per night hotel bills.

“Let’s take a deep breath,” said V ollmer, who hasn’t had her electricity turned off. “Don’t bully us into accep ting something that may or may not prove to be beneficial in the long term.”42．Pepeo is a（n）________.

A．powerful celebrity B．organization leader

C．government authority D．power company

43．According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．Socrates and Henry David Thoreau paid a high price because they were philosophers. B．That Assya and Mario Pascaley have to live without air conditioning has nothing to do with Assya’s occupation, Howard University professor.

C．Assya and Mario Pascalev’s objection is arbitrary and emotional.

D．Deborah Vollmer also declined to pay the monthly $14 fee to support Assya and Mario Pascalev.

44．Assya and Mario Pascalev have every reason to stand by their philosophies except that

________.

A．$634.94 is affordable but unreasonable

B．smart meters offer too much information to utility companies and those who might back them

C．they lay inappropriate emphasis on individual liberties

D．smart meters cause fires and are a source of dangerous radiation

45．In promoting the wide use of smart meters, ________ is unlikely to happen.

A．long-term benefits for all B．a 10 percent rate increase in Maryland C．better customer service D．prevention of privacy leak

Dear Seth,

You’re only three years old,and at this point in your life you can’t read, much less understand what I’m going to try to tell you in this letter.But I've been thinking a lot about the life that you have ahead of you,about my life so far as I reflect on what I've learned,and about my role as a dad in trying to prepare you for the trials that you will face in the coming years.

You are young,and life has not yet to show a cold face to you,to throw disappointments and loneliness and pain into your path.You have not been worn down yet by long hours of thankless work.by the slings and arrows of everyday life.

For this,be thankful.You are at a wonderful time of life.You have many wonderful stages of life still to come,but they are not without their costs and risks.

I hope to help you along your path by shari ng some of the best of what I’ve learned.As with any advice,take it with a grain of salt.What works for me might not work for you.

Life can be cruel

There will be people in your life who won't be very nice.They’ll tease you because you’re different.or for no good reason.They might try to bully you or hurt you.

There’s not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them,and learn to choose friends who are kind to you,who actually care about you,who make you feel good about yourself.When you find friends like this,hold on to them,treasure them,spend time with them,be kind to them,love them

There will be times when you are met with disappointment instead of success.Life won’t always turn out the way you want.This is just anoth er things you’ll have to learn to deal with.But instead of letting these things get you down,push on.Aecept disappointment and learn to persevere,to oursue your dreams despite pitfalls.Learn to turn negatives into positives,and you’ll do much better in lif e.

You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love.I hope you don’t have to face this too much,but happens.Again,not much you can do but to heal,and to move on with your life.Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life,and learn to use them to

make you stronger.

But Be Open life Anyway

Yes,you’ll find cruelty and suffering in your journey through life...but don’t let that close you to new things.Don’t retreat from life,don’t hide or wall yourself off.Be open to new things,new experiences,new people.

You might get your heart broken 10 times,but find the most wonderful woman the 11th time.If you shut yourself off from love,you'll miss out on that woman,and the happiest times of your life.

You might get teased and bullied and hurt by people you meet … and then after meeting dozens of jerks,find a true friend.If you close yourself off to new people,and don't open your heart to them,you'll avoid pain … but also lose out on meeting some incredible people,who will be there during the toughest times of your life and create some of the best times of your life.

You will fail many times but if you allow that to stop you from trying,you will miss out on the amazing feeling of success once you reach new heights with your accomplishments.Failure is a stepping stone to success.

Life isn’t a competition

You will meet many people who will try to do better than you,in school ,in college,at work.They’ll try to have nicer cars,bigger houses,nicer clothes,cooler gadgets.To them,life is a competition--they have to do better than their peers to be happy.

Here’s a secret:Life isn’t a competition. If you spend that journey always trying to impress others,to outdo others,you’re wasting your journey.Instead,learn to enjoy the journey.Make it a journey of Happiness,of constant learning,of continual improvement,of love.

Don't worry about having a nicer car or house or anything material,or even a better-paying job.None of that matters a whit,and none of it will make you happier.You'll acquire these things and then only want more.Instead,learn to be satisfied with having enough-and then use the time you would have wasted trying to earn money to buy those things … use that time doing things you love.

Finally,know that I love you and always will.You are starting out on a weird,

scary,daunting,but ultimately incredibly wonderful journey,and I will be there for you when I can.Godspeed.

Love,Your Dad

46．According to the father,all of the following are trials the son has to face except .

A．disappointment

B．pain

C．loneliness

D．failure

47．What does the underlined phrase “with a grain of salt” mean?

A．eating something together with some salt

B．not accepting something firmly

C．taking it for granted

D．believing something firmly

48．According to the letter,which o ne isn’t the example to prove the cruelty of life? A．Your classmate tease,bully or hurt you

B．You fail in the mid-term exam despite your hard work

C．Your best friend betrays you by giving away your work

D．You are too busy to spend time with your parents

49．The last part is mainly developed by .

A．telling stories B．analyzing causes

C．making comparisons D．asking and answering questions 50．The purpose of the letter is to .

A．share some important wisdom and value with his son

B．prepare his son for the challenges he will face in the future

C．make his son realize failure is unavoidable and he should get ready for that

D．try to persuade his son to get along well with his friends

四、任务型阅读

The loss of handwriting in our high-tech world saddens me. People of all ages openly admit their handwriting as keyboards replace pen and paper. Increasingly, schoolchildren deal with assignments on computer and struggle to write, having had little practice. I am of the generation that learnt to write with a dip pen in kindergarten and a fountain pen in high school; by the time I reached university, like everyone else. I used a functional ballpoint. Handwriting has filled every aspect of my life since I was first taught to shape letters on the lined pages of my exercise books.

From the age of 12, I kept a handwritten journal, recording my thoughts and feelings

regarding both the significant and mundane aspects of my life. Through this daily practice I connected with myself, explored experiences and found a way to interpret and make sense of my relationships. Although I rarely reread my written material, the process of writing has remained with me as a means of processing my feelings and filtering(过滤) my experiences.

Yet today, handwritten letters are as rare as a red panda. Few of us write any longer, even to those to whom we are close. We communicate difficulty when we e-mail or text, both methods characterised by speed and informality. The deep thinking which accompanied a handwritten letter, is almost entirely absent. We may be communicating more frequently and with more people, but the depth and quality of our communication has reduced.

Sadly, modern technology tends to be temporary. Few of us keep old e-mails or even print them out, so a sense of history and memory is lost. Archivists(档案管理者) report that more information has been lost in the past decade than in the previous 150 years. It is too easy to press the delete button.

In many other areas of records, material is now in the digital format. Yet saving material in a digital formal only is extremely unstable. How it will survive the future remains a problem.

In this digital world of text, e-mails and instant messaging, the perceived value of writing is no longer obvious and the case for retaining the practice of writing needs to be made. Should we save the bumble pen and paper when laptops and mobilies are functional, universal and unstoppable? Should children continue to be taught to write with a pen and paper?

With its passing, a good mode of self-expression is being lost. I invite readers to engage with handwriting and become aware of this special skill that has created civilization for centuries.

五、图表作文

61．1. Online shopping, a form of e-commerce, is very popular among most Internet users around the world. Almost 85 percent of Web users in the United States shop online. Korea, with 99 percent, is one of the most popular countries where Internet users shop online.

2. Below is a chart which shows Alibaba’s Singles’ Day Sales(billion yuan)in 2009-2016

3. ACCORDING TO the results of a quality inspection by the State Administration for Industry and Commerce of products sold on the Internet, of 497 products sampled, 172 did pass

the quality test, Products sold through T-mall and Taobao proved to be the least qualified. Beijing Youth Daily commented on Wednesday.

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概述上述文字及图表的主要内容；

2.简要分析网络购物流行的主要原因；

3.请你对于如何规范网络销售提出具体措施（不少于两点）。

【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文读句；

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

___________________________________________________________________________ _________________

__________________________________________________________________

参考答案

1．B

【解析】

考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意：这些艺术史学家试图弄清这些神殿大约在公元前15世纪建成时大概是什么样子。might have done表示对过去可能的推测，符合语境，故选B。

2．B

【解析】考查with的复合结构。因为population与expect是被动关系，所以用expect 的过去分词形式，表示被动含义；后面是expect the population to do sth，所以后面用to shrink，故选B。

【名师点睛】

“with的复合结构”在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随，方式，原因，条件等状语。

具体结构如下：

1. with ＋宾语＋名词

He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.

2. with +名词+ 介词短语

She said good-bye with tears in her eyes．

3．with + 名词+ 形容词（强调名词的特性或状态）

He often sleeps with the windows open．

4. With +名词+ 副词

He stood before his teacher with his head down．

5. with + 名词+ -ed分词（强调名词是-ed分词动作的承受者或动作已经发生，被动关系）

He sat there with his eyes closed．

6. with + 名词+ -ing分词（强调名词是-ing分词的动作的发出者或某动作状态正在进行，主动关系）

He fell asleep with the lamp burning．

7. with + 名词+ to do （不定式动作尚未发生）

I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash．

本题考查的是第5种情况With + 名词+ -ed 分词；因为population与expect是被动关系，所以用expect的过去分词形式，然后再结合动词expect的搭配就可知答案。

3．D

【解析】考查as引导让步状语从句倒装的用法。句意：他补充道：“虽然打破瓶颈很困难，我们认为，支持中国资本双向开放的总体政策立场是明确的，今年将继续下去。”as引导让步状语从句，从句必须倒装，句型结构为“形容词+as+主语+谓语”；A选项As some bottlenecks are difficult to be broken；和B选项As some bottlenecks are difficult to break结构不符；“打破瓶颈”为“break bottleneck”，C选项Difficult as some bottlenecks are to be broken用了被动形式，错误；D选项Difficult as some bottlenecks are to break正确，故选D。

【名师点睛】

as 也可以引导让步状语从句，但是，as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，引导让步状语从句时，as意为“虽然…但是”，“纵使…”之意，“尽管”，通常从句要倒装，倒装的方法是将从句的表语或状语放在as之前。

形容词+ as / though + 主语+ 动词

Successful as he is, he is not proud. 他虽然成功，但不骄傲。

Improbable as it seems, it’s true. 虽然看起来不太可能，但却是真的。

此题考查as引导让步状语从句，表语提前，可排除A和B，再结合be+adj.+ to do (常用主动表示被动)可推知答案。

4．D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A. punish惩罚；B. inspect检查；C. charge指控；收费；

D. privilege给予……特权。句意：在某些国家，总统可以使用特权，免除某人死刑。故选D。

5．B

【解析】

考查代词。句意：机会仅偏爱有准备的头脑。这告诉我们好好准备，直到机会出现。反身代词可以作主语的同位语，增强语气。故选B。

6．A

【解析】考查词义辨析。A. literally字面上，逐字地；B. arbitrarily武断地；C. randomly 随机地；D. optionally有选择性地。句意：从他们传递的信息来判断，这两章在字面上互相独立；也就是说，它们之间根本没有关系。A选项literally符合语境，故选A。

7．C

【解析】考查短语辨析。第一空备选短语，accounts for对……负责；（比例）占；说明……的原因；differs from与……不同；make for有助于；arise from起因于；第二空备选短语，in return作为回报；in turn轮流。句意：在任务和决策中共享的模式有助于平等，而这又会导致进一步的共享。C项符合题意，故选C。

8．C

【解析】考查引导让步状语从句的连词。句意：从事旅游业的每个人都表示，尽管政府的援助确实有帮助，但是他们真正需要的是让游客自己回来。这里需要选择是一个引导让步状语从句的关系连词。选项A的as引导的让步状语从句需要倒装，这里没有倒装，故排除选项A；选项B的when表示“当……时候”和选项D“既然”，在意义上不符，故排除B、D选项；选项C的while引导让步状语从句时，相当于though和although，表示“尽管”，故选C。

9．D

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几十年来，女性是如此习惯于被忽视和听到妇女的贡献被忽视的历史以至于她们认为这些状况仍然存在于今天。be accustomed to doing sth习惯于做某事；在第一个空白处，表示“被忽视”，因此后面需要用被动语态，故填being ignored；在第二个空白处，前面的to还是一个介词，“听到妇女的贡献被忽视的历史”，是一个主动的动作，用主动语态，故填hearing。故选D。

10．C

【解析】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：的确，美并不总是符合单一的、统一的标准，例如，一个人的文化背景可能会影响到他或她在别人眼中的吸引力。influence 缺少宾语，因此后面是一个宾语从句；宾语从句中的find也缺少宾语，因此连接词既作influence的宾语，也作从句中find的宾语，根据句意，用what正确。故选C。

11．A

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。put through经受；pull up拔起；get over克服；give out 发出。句意：由于水来自于烹饪过程中释放出来的蒸汽，所以它已经很干净了，但Seal先生说，在重新使用之前，它将通过一个额外的净化过程。只有A项put through符合语境，故选A。

12．D

【解析】考查过去完成时态。这家总部位于北京的企业集团“赢得”特许经营发生在麦当劳在星期一宣布这一结果之前，而动作announced发生在过去，故“赢得”发生在过去的过去，因此应该用过去完成时，故选D。

13．B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。confidential机密的；controversial有争议的；conservative 保守的；conventional传统的。根据后面的“as camps are divided as its appeal”可知，人们对万圣节的态度不同，并就此划分出了不同的阵营。因此controversial（有争议的）符合语境，故选B。

14．B

【解析】

考查代词one的用法和定语从句关系词。句意：中国最高教育机构已经对抗击日本侵略的国家战争的长度做了教材的修订，首场战争开始于1931年9月18日。one是泛指，泛指前面提到的同类人或物中的一个；the one是特指，特指前面提到的同类人或物中的一个。“抗日战争”中发生的战争很多，其中的首场战争发生于1931年的9月18日，因此这里只是泛指“抗日战争”中的一场战争，属于泛指，故用one；因为后面的定语从句缺少地点状语，因此后面的关系代词用where，故选B。

15．C

【解析】考查英语俚语。a catch-11 situation：第11条军规（善待俘虏）；a Pandora’s box潘多拉的魔盒；a David and Goliath battle 大卫与歌利亚之战（比喻实力悬殊）；

a Jekyll and Hyde existence 杰基尔和海德的结合（比喻双重人格）；从对话可知，小商店的老板成功阻止了大公司让其破产的企图，这是一场实力悬殊的对抗，选项C a David and Goliath battle符合语境，故选C。

16．C