2012-2013年职称英语综合类c级新增文章整理打包(答案、解析、译文)

2012年职称英语综合类(c级) 阅读判断

第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England

A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1 in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.

"lt felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride,3" said the woman.

The British Geological Survey said the 4.3-magnitude quake4 struck at 8:19 a.m. and was centered under the English Channel5，about 8.5 miles south of Dover6 and near the entrance to the Channel Tunnel7. Witnesses said cracks appeared in walls and chimneys collapsed across the county. Residents said the tremor had lasted for about 10 to 15 seconds.

"I was lying in bed and it felt as if someone had just got up from bed next to me." said Hendrick van Eck，27，of Canterbury8 about 60 miles southeast of London."I then heard the sound of cracking，and it was getting heavier and heavier9.It felt as if someone was at the end of my bed hopping up and down."

There are thousands of moderate quakes on this scale around the world each year，but they are rare in Britain. The April 28 quake was the strongest in Britain since 2002 when a 4.8-magnitude quake struck the central England city of Birmingham10.

The country's strongest earthquake took place in the North Sea in 1931，measuring 6.1 on the Richter scale11. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest erthquakes ever to strike Britain，including one in 1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.12Musson predicted that it was only a matter of time13before another earthquake struck this part of England. However，people should not be scared too much by this prediction，Musson said，as the modern earthquake warning system of Britain should be able to detect a forthcoming quake and announce it several hours before it takes place. This would allow time for people to evacuate and reduce damage to the minimum.

词汇:

moderate /'m?d?rit / adj. 中等的magnitude /'m?gnitju:d/ n. 值，强度量

topple /?t?pl/ v. 倾倒，震倒rouse /ravz/ v. 唤醒

tremor /?trem? (r) / n.震动hop /h?p/ v. 齐足跳起

fun-fair n. 公共露天游乐场scale /skeil/ n. 震级

forthcoming /…f?:θ?k?mi?)/ adj. 即将来临的evacuate /i'v?kjveit / v. 疏散

geological / d?i?'l?d?ik?l/ adj. 地质的

注释:

1. power:电力

2. Kent County:肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]

3.It felt as if the whole house was being slid across like a fun-fair ride. 它(地震)给人的感觉是

整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。as if 是"好像……一样；仿佛"，例如:He treated me as if I were his son. 他待我如同待他的儿子一样。

4. the.4.3-magnitude quake:里氏4.3级地震

5. English Channel:英吉利海峡

6. Dover:多佛尔[英格兰东南部港口城市]

7. Channel Tunnel:海峡隧道。Channel Tunnel (常简称为Chunnel)是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。

8. Canterbury:坎特伯雷[英格兰东南部城市，中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地]

9. it was getting heavier and heavier:爆裂声越来越响

10. Birmingham:伯明翰[英格兰中部城市]

11. the Richter scale:里氏震级表。美国地震学家Charles Francis Richter (1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震级表。

12. British Geological Survey scientist Roger Musson said the quake took place on 28 April in an area that had seen several of the biggest earthquakes ever to strike Britain，including one in1580 that caused damage in London and was felt in France.英国地质勘测所的科学家Roger Musson 说，4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震，其中的一次发生在1580年，那次地震蹂躏了伦敦，并波及法国。13. a matter of time:时间问题。又如: It's not a matter of money. 这个不是钱的问题。

练习:

1. During the April 28 earthquake，the whole England was left without power.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

2. The Channel Tunnel was closed for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured，but not seriously.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

5. The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

7. It can be inferred from the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

答案与题解:

1. B 题句说2007年4月28日的地震致使全英格兰都停电，与短文第一段第一句表达的内容不符。短文说地震殃及英格兰东南部的肯特郡部分地区，电力中断，几千名居民无电可用。所以，题句是错误的，答案为B。

2. C 本题所说的意思是:地震发生后，海峡隧道关闭了10小时。题句表达的内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。

3. A 题句的意思是:地震中一个妇女的头部和颈部受了点轻伤。题句表达的意思与第一段最后一句表达的内容相符。所以选项A是答案。

4. C 题句表达的意思是:法国和其他几个欧洲国家派遣他们的医疗队去英国与当地的医生并肩工作。这一内容短文中找不到，故答案为C。

5. B 题句所说的英国最强烈的地震于1580年发生在伦敦，这与短文表述的事实不符。短文第七段第一句明白无误地说，英国最强烈的地震于1931年发生在北海。题句表达的信息是错误的，故答案为B。

6. A 题句说Masson预言在英格兰东南部迟早将发生另一次地震。这一说法与短文最后一段第三句所表达的意思相符。所以答案是A。

7. A 短文第六段第一句说，全球每年发生强度为里氏4级左右的地震有几千次，但是这种中等强

度的地震在英格兰很少发生。据此，读者可以容易地推断出，高震级的地震在英格兰就更少见了。概括大意与完成句子

第六篇How We Form First lmpression

1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .

3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ，gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or your

brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;

so your brain says: "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong4

4 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，

strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.

5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.

词汇:

trait /trei，treit/n. 特点，特征，特性host/h?ust/ n. 一大群，许多

simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 过分单纯化的sensory/'sens?ri/ adj. 感官的，感觉的

categorical /k?ti'g?rikl/ adj. 绝对的cortex /'k?:teks/ n. 脑皮层

jock /d??k/ n. 骗子ethnicity /eθ'nis?ti/ n. 种族特点

geek /gi:k / n. 反常的人intrigue /in'tri:g/ v. 激起兴趣

stereotype /'steri?taip/ v. 对……产生成见freak /fri:k/ n. 怪人

humane /hju:'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的

注释:

1. Your ?rain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's

eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 从even 开始到as different 是个结果状语从句，相当于that even very minor ... ，而that 是与主句中的so 呼应的。

2. against:和……对比

3. If you see someone you know，and like school ... :如果你在学校里看到某个你认识而且喜欢的人……，like在这里是动词。

4. dead wrong: 相当于completely wrong dead wrong是口语表达用语。

练习:

1. Paragraph 2_____

2. Paragraph 3_____

3. Paragraph 4_____

4. Paragraph 5_____

A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions

B Comment on First Impression

C Illustration Of First Impression

D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories

E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions

F Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks

5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.

6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.

7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.

8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.

A a stranger's less mature type of thinking

B the most complex areas of our cortex

C the immature form of thinking of a very young child

D the meaning of incoming sensory information

E the sights and sounds of the world

F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking

答案与题解:

1. D 本段叙述的是人脑解读感官信息的过程。

2. C 本段举例说明第一印象解读的过程，将第二段叙述的内容具体化。

3. B 本段对第一印象进行了评论，说第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。

4. A 本段说如果我们与某个人多接触，了解他的生活、希望、梦想和性格特征，我们对该人的认识就不会停留在第一印象的阶段，而是进入一个更深的层次。

5. E 选E 的依据在第二段的第三句。

6. D 选D 的依据在第二段的最后两句。sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (视觉、听觉、味觉、触觉、嗅觉等)。

7. C 选C 的依据在第四段的第一句，该句是:When we stereotype people，we use a less mature

form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.

8. B 选B 的依据在第五段第二句。

第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language

1 An animal that influenced scientific thought has died. A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 4

2 at a research center in the American state of Washington. Washoe had become known in the scientific community1 and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language2 . She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language. Her skills also led to debate

3 about primates and their ability to understand language.

2 Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966. In 1969，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report. The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand4 about 250 words. For example，Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat. She could request foods like apples and bananas. She also asked questions like，"Who is coming to play?" Once5 the news about Washoe spread，many language scientists began studies of their own6 into this new and exciting area of research. The whole direction of primate research changed.

3 However，critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers. They said she had never developed true language skills. Even now there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory，and perform the signs only for prizes. Yet Washoe's keepers disagree. Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners7 . He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.

4 Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe8 Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees. Today，there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps. Part of the reason is that this kind of research takes a very long time.

5 Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication. Yet，one thing is sure - Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

词汇：

chimpanzee /t?imp?n'zi: / n. 黑猩猩critic /'kritik/ n. 评论家，批评家

community /ka'mju:niti/ n. 社区，圈子workings n. 活动，运行

primate / 'praimeit / n. 灵长类动物chimp /t?imp/n. = chimpanzee 黑猩猩

注释:

1. in the scientific community:在科学界，在科学家的圈子里

2. American Sign Language ( ASL) :美国手语。利用手、脸部表情、身体姿势表达思想的美聋哑人语言。在加拿大、墨西哥等地也使用ASL。ASL与British Sign Language (BSL，英国手语)不同，两者不能相互理解。

3. led to debate:引起辩论。lead to意为"导致" ，to为介词，debate为名词。

4，…she grew to understand about 250 words:…她逐渐掌握了约250 个单词。grow to 是"渐渐"的意思。

5. once:一旦。once是连接词。例如:Children like to cycle once they have learned how. 小孩一旦学会了如何骑自行车，就会喜欢上它。

6. of their own:属于自己的。of their own 的含义与on their own 不同，on their own 是"独自"的意思。

7. the Gardners: Gardner夫妇

8. Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe ... :像个体研究者Jane Goodall这样的科学家相信......，like，(像，跟……一样)是介词，本句的谓语是believe。句子中的private researcher意为"不受雇于任何单位，自己独立工作的科研人员"。

练习:

1. Paragraph 1_____

2. Paragraph 2_____

3. Paragraph 3_____

4. Paragraph 4_____

A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowdays

B Report about Washoe'.s Progress in Learning Sign Language

C Genera1 Information about Washoe

D The Gardeners' Contributions Recognized

E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence

F Washoe's Love for Three Young Chimps

5. Washoe could make signs to communicate_____.

6. Some scientists doubted_____.

7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language_____.

8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent_____.

A if the Gardeners'argument was sound

B because she was cleverer than other chimps

C when she wanted to eat

D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F while Washoe was learning sign language

答案与题解:

1. C 第一段主要介绍黑猩猩Washoe 的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。用General Information about Washoe 来概括是很准确的。

2. B 第二段的关键句是: In 1969 ，the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report。随后的句子简略介绍了Washoe 的学习情况和结果，如已学会250 个单词，并能用手语表达"该吃饭了"等概念。所以，Report about Washoe's progress in learning sign language (选项B) 是答案。

3. E 第三段介绍了对Gardener 夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为Washoe 的手

语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是Washoe 还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项 E 用debate 来概括上述争论，所以是答案。

4. A 第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多。部分原因是研究周期太长。

5. C 选C 的依据是第二段第四句: Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat。

6. A 第三段的上半段说了一些科学家对Gardener 夫妇的实验的解读所持怀疑态度。题干中出现的doubted 引导我们选A。

7. D 选D 的依据是第三段的最后一句，即"He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg，Washington. There，Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees，which are still alive.

8. E 本文第二段谈到实验的成果时有这一个句子: "She could request foods like apples and bananas.根据全段意思和上述句子，选择E 是正确的。

阅读理解

第一篇Telling Tales about People

One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.

An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.

Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world. Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.

词汇：

backdrop /'b?k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的

注释：

1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明?富兰克林和海伦?凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2. Memoirs，strictly speaking，are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as

on the life of the author. 严格意义上来讲，回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历，也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。

练习：

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A. the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies

B. famous autobiographies

C. why biography can be difficult to write

D. differences between autobiographies and memoirs

2. Helen Keller wrote________.

A. a memoir

B. an autobiography

C. a work of fiction

D. a biography

3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they________.

A. feel they have to make up details to make their books sell

B. constantly compete with biography writers

C. want to present themselves in a good light

D. have trouble remembering the good times

4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by________.

A. defining it

B. giving an example

C. explaining why it is hard to write

D. telling when people first began writing it

5. Diverse means________.

A. able to swim in deep water

B. similar or alike

C. varied or different

D. enjoying poetry

答案与题解：

1. A 本题问的是：这篇文章主要是关于？文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事，这些故事大致分为三类：自传

回忆录和传记。然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍，因此A是正确答案。

2. B 本题问的是：海伦·凯勒谢了什么？第二段第5句话写到：就像本明杰·富兰克林和海伦·凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。因此B是正确答案。

3. C本题问的是：自传作者通常不太客观，因为他们？第二段提到：他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……，因此答案是C，他们想展示自己好的一面。

4. A本题问的是：本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品？答案是A，通过给每个类型进行定义。

5. C本题问的是：diverse 的意思是？其汉语意思为“多种多样的”，因此C正确。

第八篇The Changing Middle Class

The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges.1 It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II. The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，

workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one. Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility. They may have started out poor，but they could become rich. Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility. In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.

The middle class collectively holds several values and principles. One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one's own economic fate. In addition，middle class morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself. 2

But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success. A U. S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet 3. Both spouses now worked，as did some of the children; long commutes became routine; the need for child care put strains on4 the family; and public schools were not as good as they once were. Members of the middle cIass were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat. The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.

词汇：

designation /dezig'nei??n/ n. 称号commute /k?'mju:t/ n. 上下班路程

mobility /m?u'bil?ti/ n. 流动性

注释：

1. However，middle c1ass is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. 然而，中产阶级既不是一个真实的称号，也不会带来特别待遇。

2. In addition，middle-c1ass morality embraces principles of individual responsibility，importance of family，obligations to others，and believing in something outside onesèlf. 另外，中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物。

3. make ends meet：收支相抵，维持生活

4. put strains on：带来压力

练习：

1. The information in this passage deals with_______.

A) an individual

B) a social and economic group

C) a political organization

D) government

2. A common middle class value is that________.

A) people should always have fun

B) children should be seen and not heard

C) debt is nothing to worry about

D) the family is very important

3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as_______.

A) overburdened and in debt

B) hard working and suspicious

C) prosperous and optimistic

D) young and foolish

4. The phrase “In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is_____.

A) an exception to the previous idea

B) a denial of the previous idea

C) a restatement of the previous idea

D) a contrasting idea

5. The word collectively means______.

A) as a group

B) hesitatingly

C) unknowingly

D) weakly

答案与题解：

1. B 本题的问题是：本文的信息是关于？本文通篇讲述美国的中产阶级，指的是社会和经济群体，因此选择B。

2. D本题的问题是：一个普遍的中产阶级价值观是？本篇第二段最后一句话讲到，“中产阶级的道德观包括个人的责任感、家庭的重要性、对他人的使命感以及相信自我以外的事物”。A、B、C三个选项不包括在内，因此正确答案是D。

3. C 本题的问题是：在二战之后的几年，中产阶级可以被定义为，本篇第一段提到了当时美国经济不断增长并且人们生活水平有了提高，因此选择C选项，繁荣并且乐观。

4. C 本题的问题是：第一段中的"ln other words"这个短语与下列说法一致的是，"In other words"汉语意思是换句话来说，因此正确答案是C。

5. A 本题的问题是：单词"collectively"的汉语意思是“相同地”，选择A。

第十篇 A Letter from Alan

I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can relax - the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. It's very quiet because there are few houses or roads nearby. I think that losing this area will be terrible because we have no other similar facilities in the neighbourhood.

I am also against this plan because it will cause traffic problems. How will the people from the new houses travel to work? The motorway and the railway station are on the other side of town.

Therefore，these people will have to drive through the town centre every time they go anywhere.

The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. Shops and hotels will lose business. If the town really needs more homes，the empty ground beside the railway station is a more suitable place.

No doubt the builders will make a lot of money by selling these houses. But，in my opinion，the average person will quickly be made poorer by this plan. As well as this，we will lose a very

special place and our town will be much less pleasant.

I am going to the local government offices on Monday morning to protest about this plan and I hope that your readers will join me there. We must make them stop this plan before it is too late.

词汇:

facility /f??sil?ti/ n. 场所，设施protest /pr?u?test/ v. 抗议

motorway / …m?ut?wei / n.高速公路

注释:

1. For me，Parson's Place is special because it is a beautiful natural area where local people can

relax—the small wood has many unusual trees and the stream is popular with fishermen and bird-watchers. 对我来说，帕森场是非常特别的，因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息。这片小树林里有许多独特的树木并且这里的小溪受到了渔夫和野鸟观察者的欢迎。

2. The roads will always be full of traffic，there will be nowhere to park and the tourists who come to see our lovely old buildings will leave. 公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方停车，并且来参观我们这儿可爱的老式建筑物的观光者将会离开这里。

3. As well as this，we will lose a very special place and our town will be much less pleasant.不但

如此，我们将失去一个非常特别的地方并且我们的城镇将会失去很多快乐。

练习:

1. Why has Alan written this letter?

A) To persuade the government to build new houses.

B) To protest about a new motorway near the town.

C) To encourage more people in the town to use Parson's Place.

D) To inform other people about the builders' plans.

2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion?

A) Because it is near the football ground.

B) Because lots of people live near it.

C) Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.

D) Because local people can get there easily by car from the town.

3. What will cause traffic jams?

A) A building on Parson's Place.

B) Building near the railway station.

C) Tourists in the narrow streets.

D) People going to the shops and hotels.

4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon _____.

A) open new shops and hotels

B) choose to live near the station

C) be able to buy new homes

D) have less money

5. Which of these posters has Alan made?

A) SA VE OUR SPORTS GROUND

B) SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE

C) WE NEED HOMES NOT HOTELS

D) USE THE TRAIN NOT THE ROAD

答案与题解:

1. D 本题问的是:为什么Alan写这封信? A、B、C选项在文中没有提到，D选项的意思是让其他人了解建筑商的计划，因此D是正确答案。

2. C 本题问的是:在Alan看来，为什么帕森场非常重要?第一段中提到“因为它是一个美丽的天然场地并且当地人可以在此放松休息”。因此C 是正确答案。

3. A 本题问的是:什么将会引起交通堵塞?第二段提到了，如果按照建筑商的计划，那么“公路上将总是有很多车辆，却没有地方来停车”。因此选择A。

4. D 本题问的是:Alan说住在城镇的人们将来可能会，本文第三段提到“每个人将会因这个计划的实施而快速地变穷"。因此选择D。

5. B 本题问的是:以下哪个是Alan制作的海报? Alan在本文中一直在说抵制建筑商在帕森场上建造房屋的计划，因此选择B，对帕森场上的房屋说不。

第十一篇The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for

kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，

and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones，court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement，they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France，himself a devoted dancer，founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid -1800s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His

dance company，the Ballets Russes，brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his

chief assistants，George Balanchine，went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

词汇:

adjust / ?' d??st/v. 调整eliminate /i'limineit/ v. 淘汰

pageant / 'p?d??nt / n. 盛会influential /influ'en??l/adj. 有影响力的

注释:

1. At that time it became common for kings and queens，as well as other nobility，to participate in pageants that included music，poetry，and dance. 在那时，芭蕾舞在国王、王后以及贵族之间变得普遍，并且与音乐、诗歌以及舞蹈一起参与到盛会的表演。

2. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts，changed to flat shoes，and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men. 直到17世纪女舞者缩短了她们的裙子，改穿平底鞋，并且通过男舞者的帮助开始做一些跳跃和转圈动作。

3. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. 由此正式确定了脚的5个基本位置，这5个外开的位置成为发展芭蕾舞技术的基础。

练习:

1. This passage deals mainly with _____.

A) famous names in ballet

B) French versus Russian ballet

C) the way ballet developed

D) why ballet is no longer popular

2. An important influence in early ballet was_____.

A) Balanchine

B) Marie Antoinette

C) Diaghilev

D) Louis XIV

3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet_____.

A) is a dying art

B) will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it

C) is only currently performed in Russia and the United States

D) is often performed by dancers with little training

4. The information in this passage is presented_____.

A) through the story of one dancer

B) by describing various positions and steps

C) by listing reasons why ballet has succeeded

D) in chronological order

5. The word pageants means_____.

A) dances

B) instructors

C) kings

D) elaborate shows

答案与题解:

1. C 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲述的是，A、B、D 选项都是文章的一部分，而本文主要讲的就是芭蕾舞的发展，因此C 是正确答案。

2. D 本题问的是:对于早期芭蕾舞最重要的影响是，本文第三段提到“在17 世纪，专业的芭蕾舞蹈团应运而生”“法国国王路易十四建立了皇家舞蹈学院”，因此D 是正确答案。

3. B 本题问的是:从这篇文章你可以总结出芭蕾，A 、C、D 选项在文中没有提到，结合本文最后一段可以看出B 选项是正确的，芭蕾将随着新的人物和新的想法而改变。

4. D 本题问的是:本文的信息是通过何种方式介绍的。本文从芭蕾舞的起源开始一直介绍到芭蕾舞的现况，因此选择D，按照时间前后的顺序。

5. D 本题问的是:单词pageant 的汉语意思是什么，正确答案是D ，盛大的表演。

第十六篇The Sahara

The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for "desert" or "steppe". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world.

lt spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130°F. The humidity sometimes gets into the teens. But it can also be as low as 2. 5 percent，the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year，while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.

At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand

dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of cIear water. Surprisingly，there are groves of date palms. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn，cassava，tea，peanuts，hot peppers，and orange，lime，and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass.

The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile，traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt，which is mined from watery basins，and transport it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.

词汇:

Humidity /hju'mId ?t l/ n. 湿度irrigate / ' lrlgelt/ v. 灌溉

stretch / stret?/ v. 伸展camel /'k?m ?l/ n. 骆驼

date palms n. 椰枣树

注释:

1. Underground water resources，or oases，sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. 在干河床和洼地处可找到充足的地下水资源或者绿洲来支持灌溉农业。

2. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. 灌溉沟渠通过一条小溪到达水田中。

3. Donkeys and goats graze on green grass. 青草上放养着驴和山羊。

练习:

1. This passage is mostly about _______.

A) life in the Sahara

B) the deserts of Africa

C) Bilma

D) how camels travel in the desert

2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_______.

A) less than five inches per year

B) less than ten inches per year

C) less than twenty inches per year

D) zero

3. The Sahara can be described as_______.

A) a place of contrasts

B) a place where no one Iives

C) an area where the winters are cold

D) an area that appeals to many tourists

4. The phrase "an area roughly the size of the United States" gives an indication of the size of_______.

A) northern Africa

B) Niger

C) the Sahara

D) all of Africa

5. In this passage caravan means _______.

A) traveling circus

B) group traveling together through difficult country

C) railroad train

D) a small，fast sailing ship

答案与题解:

1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章主要讲了什么?根据文段，本文主要介绍了撒哈拉沙漠的地理概况，城镇的农业，以及城镇之间的日常来往。B 选项范围过宽。C 选项不全面，文章不止介绍了比尔马的情况。

D 选项文中没有具体介绍。所以A 是对的。

2. A 本题问的是:在撒哈拉的绝大多数地区，降雨情况如何?根据第一段的最后一句话，撒哈拉的绝大多数地区每年降雨量低于 5 英寸。所以A 正确。

3. A 本题问的是:撒哈拉沙漠可以被描述成什么? A 的意思是，一个具有强烈对比的地方。B 的意思是杳无人烟的地方。C 的意思是冬天很冷的地区。D 的意思是吸引很多游客的地方。B，C，D 均不符合文意，因此A 正确。

4. C 本题问的是:句子“大约和美国大小相当的地区”指明的是什么地方的大小?根据第一段的第二句话可知，本句的主语是撒哈拉沙漠。因此C 正确。

5. B 本题问的是:文中“caravan”的意思是什么? A 的意思是旅行马戏团。C 是火车。D 是又小又快的帆船。根据文中的介绍，穿过沙漠的驼队由上百只骆驼组成，来到绿洲城镇收集盐，因此 B 选项“一群人一起穿过条件恶劣的国家”是正确的。

补全短文

第九篇Heat Is Killer

Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems -- even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. 1Experts say heat may be nature's deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. (2) . Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.

(3) . Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials; avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting，that are linked to heat. (4) . The pain is a warning that the

body is becoming too hot2. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.

Doctors say some people face an increased danger from heat stress. (5) .

Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.

词汇:

eruption /i'r?p??m/ n. 爆发，喷发vomit / 'v?mit/ v. 呕吐

deadly /'dedli/ adj. 致命的muscle /'m?sl/ n. 肌肉

synthetic /sin'θetik/ adj. 合成的

注释:

1. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement. 衣服一定要宽松，以便活动自如。make sure 意为“确信，保证”，其后面从句的谓语要用一般现在时。如：Make sure the door is locked before you leave. permitting freedom of movement是分词短语，用做目的状语。

2. The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. 疼痛是一个警告，说明你的身体过热。that the body is becoming too hot是同位语从句，与warning同位，说明warning的内容。

3. physical activity：体力活动

4. Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure ... ：炎热天气对于那些必须服药以控制血压的人……也增加了危险性。

练习:

A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart，high blood pressure，or other problems of the blood system.

B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.

C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.

D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.

E So does extreme heat.

F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.

答案与题解：

1. E 本文的标题是Heat Is Killer，通篇文章说的是heat的危害性及预防方法。“空1”前面的句子是，"Floods，storms，volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year，“空1”后面的句子是，"…heat may be nature's deadliest killer"。所以这里应将最致命的杀手E提出。

2. D “空2”后面的句子说到heat waves，而选项D的句子中也出现heat wave，说明这两个句子意思上有联系。“空2”的句子是对"heat wave”下定义，为下一句的展开作了铺垫。D 是答案。

3. F 第一段末尾说，白天的热浪，如果到夜晚没有降温，会给身体带来巨大的压力，这是很危险的。第二段就列举了许多保护自己免受高温伤害的方法。“空3”的句子应该是位于段首的概括句。选项F说人们有多种办法保护自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。

4. C 紧跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain，说明前文一定出现过pain这个词。选项C的句子中有pain，且C的句子填入后，上下文意思连贯，所以是答案。

5. A “空5”前面的句子意思为：某些人在热浪期间特别危险。读者或许会问，是哪些人呢？选项A回答了这个问题，所以是答案。

完形填空

第一篇 A Life with Birds

For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, __1__ known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the __2__ of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. "__3__ our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.

The Tower of London is famous __4__ its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was __5__ the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no __6__ in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always __7__ of the fact that I am __8__ a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to __9__ sure this doesn't happen!"

David_10_about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the _11__ that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can _12__ a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." __13__, David's wife Mo was not __14__ on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history __15__ around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."

词汇：

marvellous /'mɑ:vil?s/a.奇妙的，不可思议的fascinate / 'f?sme It/v. 着迷，吸引raven /'reiv?n/ n. 乌鸦，黑色的鸟legend / 'led3;l nd / n. 传奇，传说

注释：

1. ...from our bedroom we have a marvellous view of ... :从我们的卧室看去，有一个奇妙的角度。。。

2. ... keen on the idea of life in the Tower..: 热衷于塔里的生活

练习：

1. A. more B. better C. sooner D. very

2. A. height B. summit C. peak D. top

3. A. Since B. Out C. From D. Through

4. A. for B. because C. of D. by

5. A. award B. applied C. presented D. offered

6. A. regret B. delay C. hesitation D. choice

7. A. aware B. knowing C. pleased D. delighted

8. A. holding B. maintaining C. surviving D. lasting

9. A. take B. make C. have D. keep

10. A. devotes B. spends C. passes D. provides

11. A. reason B. chance C. opportunity D. fact

12. A. hold B. have C. keep D. put

13. A. Firstly B. First of all C. At first D. First

14. A. interested B. keen C. fond D. happy

15. A. every B. all C. much D. so

答案与题解：

1. B 根据上下文，这里应选择比较级，所以排除D，再根据句意，为“更为人所熟知”，因而better是正确答案。

2. D 根据句意，词组搭配at the top of ，表示在……顶部最为合适。Height 意为“高度“，summit 意为“最高点”，peak 意为“顶峰“，所以选D。

3. C 根据句意，从卧室的角度看去，from 最为恰当。

4. A 固定搭配be famous for 意为“以……而著名”，文中要表达的是伦敦塔以乌鸦而著名，因而for 为正确答案。

5. D 根据句意，David 是被提供了这样一个职位，所以offered 最为恰当award 表示“授予”，applied 表示“应用” ，presented 表示“给予，呈现“，均不符合句意。

6. C 根据上下文，很容易理解David 是这么迷恋这种黑鸟，因而毫不犹豫地接受了这个职位，所以hesitation 为正确答案。

7. A be aware of 表示“意识到”，有这样一命警觉。其他三项均不符合句意。

8. B 固定搭配maintain a tradition ，保持一个传统，maintain 最为恰当。hold 表示“抓住”，survive 表示“存活，幸存”，last 表示“维持”。

9. B 固定搭配make sure，意为“确保”，在文中表达的是“确保这种状况不会发生“，因而选B。

10. A 根据句意，David 每天大约用四个小时来护理乌鸦，表达出对乌鸦的爱护之情，devote “献身于……，专用于……”最为恰当。spend 后需加动词ing 形式。pass 表示“经过”，provide 表示“提供”，均不符合句意。

11. D 这是一个定语从句，根据句意，David 已经爱上了它们，而他正居住在它们旁边(这样一个事实)是理想的，所以fact 是正确答案。

12. C k eep an eye on 为固定搭配，意为“注意，关注”，所以选C。

13. C 根据句意，作者要表达的意思是起初，David 的妻子Mo 并不感兴趣，因为只有词组at first 表示“起初，开始时”符合句意。

14. B be keen on 为固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣，对……热衷”，interest 后面配介词in ，fond后应配介词of ，因此正确答案是B。

15. B 根据句意，作者表达的感情非常强烈，过去的那些都环绕在身边，所以all 为最佳答案。

第二篇 A Lucky Break

Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's 1 sport. In the film Play It to the Bone he 2 the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. 3 the making of the film Harrelson 4 complaining that the fight 5 weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't 6 on the idea at first, but he was 7 persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his 8 was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas 9 hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been

playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to 10 a risk like that in the middle of a movie."

He was 11 of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always 12 of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take 13 acting; I saw it as 14 way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football 15 was, you might say, my first lucky break."

词汇:

middleweight / 'midlweit/ n. 中量级拳击手

convincing /k?n'vinsi?/ a.有说服力的，令人信服的

furious /'fju:ri?s/ a. 暴怒的，强烈的

macho / 'mɑ:t??u/ a. 雄壮的，男子气概的

confess / k?n'fes/ v. 承认，坦白

注释:

1. ... plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside ... :……与……并肩，扮演一个中量级拳击手……

2. ... was reminded of the time ... :......想起……的时候……

练习:

1. A) practising B) making C) doing D) losing

2. A) plays B) does C) gives D) fights

3. A) When B) As C) While D) During

4. A) kept B) continued C) carried D) insisted

5. A) actions B) matches C) scenes D) stages

6. A) interested B) keen C) enthusiastic D) happy

7. A) lastly B) eventually C) at the end D) after

8. A) competitor B) contender C) opponent D) participant

9. A) very B) more C) such D) so

10. A) take B) make C) have D) get

11. A) remembered B) reminded C) recorded D) replayed

12. A) hoped B) pretended C) dreamed D) looked forward

13. A) up B) on C) to D) over

14. A) further B) additional C) different D) another

15. A) match B) pitch C) court D) course

答案与题解:

1. C 根据句意，每次骨折似乎总是发生在做运动时，应当选用动词do 0 practise 表示“练习”，后面应跟某一项具体的训练，而不是sport，所以正确答案为C。

2. A play the part of ...为固定搭配，意为“扮演一个......的角色”，其他三项均不合适。

3. D 联系上下文，根据句意，在影片制作过程中，所以应当用during。

4. A 根据句意，Harrelson 在影片制作过程中不断地抱怨，而且后面的动词complain 用的是ing 形式，因此动词keep“连续，不断”最为恰当。continue 后加动词ing 形式一般

表示在停顿后重新开始、继续，carry 一般后面跟介词on ，表示“进行某项事务”，insist 表示“坚决主张”，不合句意，所以选A。

5. C 联系上下文，因为是影片中的打斗场景，所以这里scene 是正确答案。

6. B be keen on 为固定搭配，表示“对……感兴趣，对......热衷”，interest 后面配介词in ，enthusiastic 后面配介词of。

7. B 联系上下文，作者要表达的是最终他还是被他的搭档说服了，副词eventually 放在动词persuade 之前，lastly 表示“最后一点，最后”，“at the end”一般放在段落的最后，表示最后怎么样。

8. C 根据句意，"当他意识到……是全心全意投人进来时，他开始后悔自己要打斗的决定"，显然是对手非常认真的对待这场打斗，所以opponent 是正确答案。

9. D so... that ...固定搭配，太……以至于，根据句意，“Harrelson 如此狠地打在Banderas 的脸上，以至于居然打破了Banderas 的鼻子”，其他选项都不适合。

10. A 固定搭配take a risk ，表示“冒险”。

11. B 联系上下文，根据句意，"他记起在他的故乡马拉加进行的一场足球比赛"，是因为鼻子骨折这件事促使他想起了故乡的那次比赛，remind 表示“提醒”，符合句意。remember 表示“自然想起，记起”不合句意。

12. C 根据句意和后面的介词of ，显然，“他一直梦想成为一个足球明星”，dream 是正确答案。pretend 表示“假装”，后面眼介词to，不合句意;look forward 表示叫“向往”，后面跟介词1 0 ，不合句意。

13. A 固定搭配take up sth. ，表示“开始从事某事”，根据句意，作者要表达的是“我决定开始演戏”，因此up 是正确答案。

14. D 联系上下文，作者显然把它看成是另外一种比赛，所以只有another 符合句意。

15. B 词组football pitch，表示"足球场"。前面由介词on 引导，后面一定是场地，也就是足球场，而不是match“比赛”。court 表示“网球场”，course 表示“跑道”，均不符合句意。第三篇Global Warming

Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists (1) the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase (2) the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than (3) before, the Earth is at (4) from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. (5) to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, (6) as hurricanes and droughts, even more (7) and causing sea levels all around the world to (8) .

Environmental groups are putting (9) on governments to take action to reduce the (10) of carbon dioxide which is given (11) by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in (12) of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power (13) .

Some scientists, (14) believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait (15) hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.

词汇:

climate /'klaimit/ n. 气候,风气

hurricane n. 飓风,暴风-

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