工商导论习题

CHAPTER 1 Understanding the U.S. Business Environment

Multiple Choice

3. What are profits? B

a. total money taken in by a corporation

b. difference between revenues and expenses

c. increases in a corporation's stock price

d. increases in income from year to year

e. none of the above

5. Which of the following is NOT a factor of production? D

a. labor

b. capital

c. entrepreneurs

d. government

e. physical resources

7. The funds needed to create and operate a business enterprise can be referred to as C

a. physical resources.

b. the money supply.

c. capital.

d. information resources.

e. none of the above.

9. Tangible goods that organizations use in conducting their businesses can be referred to as A

a. physical resources.

b. the money supply.

c. capital.

d. information resources.

e. none of the above

11. Which of the following is an example of information resources? D

a. market forecasts

b. specialized knowledge about satellite technology

c. economic data

d. all of the above

e. none of the above

13. In a market economy, the factors of production are allocated by C

a. state commerce departments.

b. the federal government.

c. producers and consumers.

d. all of the abov

e.

e. none of the above.

15. Which of the following is identified by the textbook as being a communist nation? A

a. Vietnam

b. Sri Lanka

c. Indonesia

d. Malaysia

e. Iraq

17. A market in which firms supply goods and services is called a(n) ______ A

a. output market.

b. input market.

c. supply market.

d. selling market.

e. open market.

19. Ford Motor Company sells its cars and trucks in a(n) A

a. output market.

b. input market.

c. supply market.

d. selling market.

e. open market.

21. A economy has characteristics of both planned and market economies. A

a. mixed market

b. privatized

c. capitalist

d. hybrid

e. dual

23. In which economic system does the government own and operate selected major industries? B

a. communism

b. socialism

c. partialism

d. free enterprise

e. Hinduism

25. The term "supply" as encountered in the textbook is best defined as E

a. giving something to someone who needs it.

b. the number of items a firm may have in its inventory at a given time.

c. the area of a firm in which it keeps its wholesale stock for future use.

d. the act of delivering a wholesale item to a retail outlet.

e. willingness and ability of producers to offer a good or service for sale.

27. The law of demand maintains that buyers will purchase (demand) more of a product as its price B

a. rises.

b. drops.

c. stays the same.

d. fits a person’s personal planning budget.

e. none of the above.

29. Under the law of demand, which situation sketched below will be accompanied by more purchasing of a product? B

a. the consumer's need for the product

b. lowering the price of the product

c. crashing the price of the product as an indication that it is of high quality

d. the so-called "popularity" of the product

e. the knowledge that possessing such a product can add to a person's positive image

31.A __________ shows how many of a given product will be demanded at different prices. A

a. demand curve

b. supply curve

c. price list

d. price control

e. none of the above

33.When plotted on the same graph, the supply curve and the demand curve will normally C

A. run parallel to one another.

B. one curve point up, one curve point down.

C. cross one another at some point.

D. be far apart due to the "eruption factor" known for years in supply and demand.

E. get closer together as demand increases, but never intersect.

35. The point at which the supply curve and the demand curve intersect on the graph is referred to as the C

a. buyer-seller meeting point.

b. "spot."

c. market price.

d. handshak

e. e. sale location.

37. The price at which the quantity of goods demanded and the quantity of goods supplied are equal is referred to as C

a. "the going rate at the auction."

b. the point-of-no-return price.

c. the market price.

d. the better pric

e. e. the going price.

39. A __________ occurs when the quantity supplied exceeds the quantity demanded. E

a. demand deficit

b. stoppage

c. supply deficit

d. shortage

e. surplus

41. When the quantity demanded exceeds the quantity supplied, a __________ will result. D

a. demand deficit

b. stoppage

c. equilibrium point

d. shortage

e. surplus

43. Of the following statements, which best captures the notion of private enterprise? A

a. Individuals pursue their own interests without government restriction.

b. Certain business activities are to remain "private."

c. Businesses can do anything they want, free of any legal restraints.

d. Small businesses will do better than big businesses.

e. None of the above.

45. Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements required in private enterprise? B

a. private property rights

b. stability of cash flow

c. freedom of choice

d. profits

e. competition

47. In perfect competition, which of the following conditions must prevail? D

a. All firms in a given industry must be small.

b. The number of firms in the industry must be large.

c. The products offered by the firms are so similar that buyers can't tell the difference.

d. All of the above are tru

e.

e. None of the above are true.

49. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of perfect competition? E

a. many firms in industry

b. firms are small

c. great similarity among products offered by different firms

d. easy entry into the industry

e. products from different firms are easily differentiated from one another

51. In the United States, milk is produced on thousands of farms, with no producer dominating the market. Producers sell milk at the going price and are unable to influence this price. Millions of gallons of milk are purchased every day. The market for milk is best described as C

a. a monopoly.

b. an oligopoly.

c. perfect competition.

d. monopolistic competition.

e. passive competition.

53. Of the following, which is a way in which monopolistic competition differs from perfect competition? D

a. There are more sellers in a market characterized by monopolistic competition.

b. It is easier for sellers to enter a market/industry characterized by monopolistic competition.

c. In a perfectly competitive market, products are more dissimilar.

d. In a market characterized by monopolistic competition, individual firms have some control over pric

e.

e. None of the above.

55. __________ exists when an industry has only a handful of sellers, most of which are large. B

a. A monopoly

b. An oligopoly

c. Perfect competition

d. Monopolistic competition

e. None of the above

57.Which of the following is NOT true of an oligopoly? C

a. Competing firms have very similar prices for products.

b. There are few sellers.

c. Prices differ greatly among sellers.

d. Entry into the industry is difficult.

e. The actions of one firm will significantly affect the sales of other firms.

59. In an oligopoly, when one firm reduces its prices, how do the other members of the oligopoly react? B

a. There is no reaction--usually.

b. Others reduce theirs also--usually quite quickly.

c. Others may reduce their prices, too, but only very, very gradually.

d. Other companies are not even aware that a change in price has taken plac

e.

e. None of the above.

61. Which of the following seems the most likely pricing approach for a monopoly? A

a. Charge customers whatever you please.

b. Give customers a real bargain on price.

c. Charge a price that will not cause consumer demand to drop.

d. Undercut the prices of the competition.

e. Concentrate on quality and service, and not on price.

63.Economists refer to the pattern of short-term expansions and contractions in the economy as the A

a. business cycle.

b. aggregate output.

c. standard of living.

d. consumer price index.

e. national debt.

65.The term __________ refers to the total quantity and quality of goods and services that people living in an economic system can purchase. C

a. business cycle

b. aggregate output

c. standard of living

d. consumer price index

e. national debt

67.A nation’s ___________ is the economic value of all of the products that a company exports minus the economic value of its imports. B

a. standard of living

b. balance of trade

c. balance of payments

d. national debt

e. none of the above

69. The chief goal of an economic system is A

a. stability.

b. growth.

c. productivity.

d. equality.

e. freedom of choice.

71. Which of the following statements about inflation is true? D

a. The Consumer Price Index is a good way of measuring inflation.

b. Inflation decreases the purchasing power of consumer dollars.

c. Inflation increases the purchasing power of consumer dollars.

d. Both a and b.

e. None of the above.

73.Low unemployment can result in D

a. decreased prices for products

b. decreased purchasing power.

c. increased profit margins.

d. all of the abov

e. e. none of the above.

75. ____________ unemployment results from recession or depression. C

a. Seasonal

b. Structural

c. Cyclical

d. Frictional

e. Linear

77.A(n) __________ is a prolonged and deep recession. B

a. decade

b. depression

c. era

d. expansion

e. cycle

79. A nation controls the size of its money supply through _________ policy. B

a. fiscal

b. monetary

c. military

d. welfare

e. Congressional

True/False

85. The difference between a business's revenues and its expenses is called "sales ."F (profits) 87. A factor of production is a nation’s system for allocating resources among its citizen. F( an economic system)

89. Land,labor, capital, and entrepreneurship are the four traditional factors of production. F(physical resources)

91. A planned economy relies on a centralized government to control all or most of the factors of production and to make all or most production and allocation decisions. T

93. In general, firms operate in either the input market or output market, but not both. F(BOTH) 95. Capitalism provides for the private ownership of the factors of production. T

97. In a socialist economy, the government owns and operates selected major industries. T

99. The point at which the supply curve and the demand curve intersect is the equilibrium price. T 101. One of the four elements that must be present in private enterprise is reasonable prices. F 103. As a rule, the products in perfect competition are very similar. T

105. The market for clothing is best characterized as monopolistic competition. T

107. In an oligopoly, the entry of new competitors is hard because large capital investment is needed. T

109. Nearly every economic system has two broad goals: economic growth and economic stability.T

111. Standard of living refers to the quantity of goods and services that people can purchase with the currency used in their economic system. T

113. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) refers to the total value of goods and services produced by a national economy within a given period regardless of where the factors of production are located. T

115. Real GDP can be computed by adjusting the nominal GDP for changes in the unemployment rate. F(currency values and price changes)

117. A positive balance of trade results when a country imports more than it exports. F(less) 119. The term budget deficit refers to the total amount a nation owes its creditors.F( A debtor nation)

121. Inflation results in increased purchasing power for the consumer. F (decreased)

123. A jobless person is considered unemployed only if they are actively seeking work. T

125. A recession is a prolonged period of depression.F(调换）

127. The United States government manages the collection and spending of its revenues through

monetary policy. F（fiscal policies）

129.The purpose of monetary and fiscal policy is to smooth out fluctuations in output and unemployment and to stabilize prices. T

Short Answer

133.List and describe the five factors of production.

Labor: human resources, includes the physical and intellectual contributions people make while engaged in economic production.

Capital: the financial resources needed to operate an enterprise.

Entrepreneurs: an individual who accepts the risks and opportunities entailed by creating and operating a new business.

Physical resources: the tangible things that organizations use to conduct their business. Informational resources: the data and other information that enterprise would use

145.How does inflation affect purchasing power?

Inflation occurs when the amount of money injected into an economy outstrips the increase in actual output. When this happens, people will have more money to spend, but the quantity of products will still be the same. As they compete with one another to buy available products, prices go up. Before long, high prices will erase the increase in the amount of money injected into the economy. Therefore, purchasing power declines.

CHAPTER 2 Conducting Business Ethically and Responsibly

Multiple Choice

5.Behavior that conforms to individual beliefs and social norms about what is right and good is referred to as D

a.collusion.

b.check kiting.

c.social reaction.

d.ethical behavior.

e.GAAP.

7.__________ refers to ethical or unethical behaviors by a manager or employee of

an organization. B

a.Social ethics

b.Business ethics

c.International customs

d.Cartelling

e.Collusion

9.A(n) __________ occurs when an activity may benefit the individual to the detriment of his or her employer. C

a.agency dispute

b.loss leader

c.conflict of interest

d.ethical dilemma

e.ethics code

11._________ is the practice of responding to increased demand with overly steep prices. D

a.Price gouging

b.Price lining

c.Maximization

d.Price fixing

e.Collusion

19.The most effective step that a company can take to promote ethical behavior is to D

a.conduct frequent comprehensive audits of all financial information.

b.have employees sign a code of conduct upon hiring.

c.monitor employee behavior on an ongoing basis.

d.demonstrate top management support of ethical standards.

e.publicize efforts to become more ethical.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizational stakeholders can best be defined as B

a.individuals and businesses that own stock in a company.

b.individuals and groups that are directly affected by the practices of an organization.

c.the officers and key employees of an organization.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,ernment regulators who oversee an industry.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,petitors.

29.The economic turmoil of the ____________ led to new laws that described an expanded role for businesses in protecting and enhancing the general welfare of society. A

a.Great Depression

b.Middle Ages

c.Era of Social Activism

d.Colonial Era

e.Entrepreneurial Era

35.The injection of harmful substances into the environment is called C

a.consumption.

b.acid rain.

c.pollution.

d.collusion.

e.check kiting.

39.Much of the damage to forests and streams in the eastern United States and Canada has been attributed to acid rain originating in sulfur from manufacturing and power plants in B

a.Canada.

b.the midwestern United States.

c.Mexico.

d.Europ

e. e.the rain forests of Brazil.

43.Dangerous chemical and/or radioactive byproducts of manufacturing processes are called D

a.green rain.

b.phosphates.

c.exajoules.

d.toxic wastes.

e.spreaders.

49.The first formal declaration of consumer rights protection came in the early A

a.1960s.

b.1800s.

c.1920s.

d.1940s.

e.1990s.

55.A company that provides its employees with equal opportunities for rewards and advancement without regard to race, sex, or other relevant factors is meeting its E

a.legal responsibility.

b.social responsibility.

c.affirmative responsibility.

d.all of the abov

e. e.both a and b.

63.Which of the following occurs when someone uses confidential information to gain from the purchase or sale of stocks? D

a.check kiting

b.a margin purchase

c.going "short"

d.insider trading

e.a margin sale

67.Firms that have adopted a(n) _____________ stance to social responsibility have little regard for ethical conduct and will generally go to great lengths to hide wrongdoing. B

a.accommodative

b.obstructionist

c.proactive

d.defensive

e.societal

73.Firms adopting a(n) ___________ stance to social responsibility do not necessarily or proactively seek avenues for contributing, but participate after solicitation. A

a.accommodative

b.obstructionist

c.proactive

d.defensive

e.societal

77.Which of the following is NOT a step mentioned by the authors of your textbook to foster a

company wide sense of social responsibility? C

a.Social responsibility must start at the top.

b.A committee of top managers must develop a plan.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,ernmental initiatives dictate starting a plan.

d.One executive is put in charge of the firm's agenda.

e.The organization must conduct occasional social audits.

79.A key to business success is to decide in advance how to respond to the issues that underlie all questions of ethical and D

a.personnel complaints.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,pensatory damages.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,ernmental support.

d.social responsibility.

e.managerial perks.

True/False

83.Ethics are beliefs about what is right and wrong or good and bad. T

85.Because ethics are based on both individual beliefs and social concepts, they do not vary from person to person. F

87.What constitutes ethical and unethical behavior is determined partly by the individual and partly by culture. T

89.Hiring a relative rather than a more qualified applicant is both illegal and unethical. F 91.Ethical standards relating to business practices are fairly consistent around the world. T 95.The ethical norm of caring evaluates whether the decis ion is consistent with people’s responsibilities to each other. T

97.The number of companies adopting written codes of ethics has declined in the last 30 years. F 105.In response to the economic turmoil of the Great Depression, the government deregulated most business activity. F

111.A company that does not act responsibly toward its customers will lose their trust and ultimately their business. T

115.Price gouging occurs when a company sells products below cost. F

117.Whistle-blowers can confidently report findings to higher-level managers who can be expected to take action. F

119.Check kiting involves writing a check against money that has not yet arrived at the bank on which it is drawn. T

Short Answer

138.How can a firm demonstrate social responsibility to its customers?

Social responsibility toward customers generally falls into two categories: providing quality Products and pricing products fairly.

138.What are the four basic consumer rights first identified by President John F. Kennedy and now backed by numerous federal and state laws?

1. Consumers have a right to safe products.

2. Consumers have a right to be informed about all relevant aspects of a product.

3. Consumers have a right to be heard.

4. Consumers have a right t choose what they buy.

143.Describe the four most common approaches to social responsibility.

1. Obstructionist Stance .The few organizations that what might be called an obstructionist stance to social responsibility usually do as possible to solve social or environmental problems.

2. Defensive Stance. The organization will do everything that is required of it legally but nothing more.

3. Accommodative Stance .A firm that adopts an accommodative stance meets its legal and ethical requirements but will also go further in certain cases.

4.Proactive Stance .The highest degree of social responsibility that a firm can exhibit is the proactive

stance .Firms that adopt this approach take to heart the arguments in favor of social responsibility .They view themselves as citizens in a society and proactively seek opportunities to contribute .

CHAPTER 3Understanding Entrepreneurship and Business Ownership

Multiple Choice

3.A locally owned and operated restaurant is typically a(n) D

a.monopoly.

b.oligopoly.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,petitor.

d.small business.

e.corporation.

9.Most of the products made by big manufacturers are sold to consumers by C

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,rge retailers.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,rge wholesalers.

c.small businesses.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,rge discount stores.

e.middlemen.

11. Which of the following industry groups is the fastest growing segment of small business enterprise? D

a.manufacturing

b.wholesaling

c.retailing

d.services

e.agriculture

15.Because of the investment normally required in equipment, energy, and raw materials, a good deal of money is usually needed to start a(n) A

a.manufacturing business.

b.retailing business.

c.service business.

d.agriculture business.

e.wholesaling business.

19.New businesses need a(n) _________ to estimate the required size of a plant, store, or office; to decide how much inventory to carry; and how many employees to hire. A

a.revenue forecast

b.financial plan

c.objective

d.cash budget

e.credit report

21.Which of the following are reasons provided by the authors of your textbook for buying an existing business rather than starting a new one from scratch? E

a.better odds of success

b.proven ability to draw customers

c.established working relationships

d.an established track record

e.all of the above

31.McDonald's, Taco Bell, and Subway are examples of a(n) C

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,ernment entity.

b.university sponsored business.

c.franchise.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,working business.

e.mom and pop operation.

33.Under a franchise arrangement, the buyer is called the A

a.franchisee.

b.franchiser.

c.bank.

d.parent company.

e.wholesaler.

37.Which of the following is the most significant recent trend dealing with new businesses? E

a.entrepreneurs who cross over from big business

b.increased opportunities for minorities

c.increased opportunities for women

d.new opportunities in global enterprise

e.emergence of e-commerce

43.Which of the following factors contribute to small business failure? E

a.managerial incompetence or inexperience

b.neglect

c.weak control systems

d.insufficient capital

e.all of the above

45.Which of the following factors is NOT typically cited as a reason for small business success? E

a.hard work, drive, and dedication

b.market demand for products or services provided

c.managerial competence

d.luck

e.strong control systems

53.A sole proprietorship depends primarily on the resources of D

a.the corporation.

b.foreign investors.

c.capital markets.

d.a single individual.

e.the partnership

55.The most common type of partnership is a C

a.limited partnership .

b.corporate partnership.

c.general partnership.

d.sole partnership.

e. none of the above

59.A(n) __________ invests money in a partnership, but is liable only to the extent of his/her investment. C

a.agent

b.general partner

c.limited partner

d.officer

e.sole proprietor

61.The organizational form defined as "an artificial being, invisible, intangible, and existing

only in contemplation of the law" is a(n) C

a.sole proprietorship.

b.general partnership.

c.corporation.

d.limited partnership.

e.unlimited sole proprietorship.

63.Becaus e of _______________, the courts may seize and sell a corporation’s assets but cannot touch the personal property of investors. A

a.limited liability

b.unlimited liability

c.tender offer

d.limit rules

e.double taxation

65.Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the corporate form of

organization? D

a.continuity

b.professional management

c.limited liability

d.low startup cost

e.the ability to raise money

67.The greatest potential drawback to corporate organization is C

a.a tender offer.

b.startup costs.

c.double taxation.

d.limited liability.

e.legal status.

71.A(n) __________________ is organized to operate like a corporation but is taxed like a partnership. C

a.private corporation

b.public corporation

c.S-corporation

d.sole proprietorship

e.professional corporation

77.Top managers hired by the board of directors to run the corporation on a day-to-

day basis are called C

a.corporate officers.

b.first-line supervisors.

c.staff members.

d.stockholders.

e.department heads.

79.Which of the following guarantees holders fixed dividends? D

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,mon stock

b.bonds

c.mortgages

d.preferred stock

e.none of the above

83.A summary of the company's financial health communicated with stockholders

and potential investors is contained in the E

a.proxy.

b.newspaper.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,pany magazine

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,pany newsletter.

e.annual report.

89.A strategy in which a firm decides to take a part of its existing business operations and either sell it to another corporation or set it up as a new independent corporation is called a(n) D

a.merger.

b.takeover.

c.acquisition.

d.divestitur

e. e.hostile takeover.

True/False

95.Most of the products made by big manufacturers are sold to consumers by large corporations. F (P54.By small ones）

97.People who assume the risk of business ownership with a primary goal of growth and expansion are called entrepreneurs. T

101.Lending institutions are more likely to help finance the purchase of an existing business rather than the startup of a business from scratch. T

103.Venture capital firms provide capital to small business in return for partial ownership. T 105.In a franchise, the franchisee is the seller or parent company.F(P59.Franchiser is the seller or parent company）

107.Franchisees may be obligated to contribute a percentage of sales to parent corporations. T 111.The failure rate among small businesses has been increasing in recent years.T

113.The most common form of business organization is the corporation. T

115.A sole proprietorship is a business owned by one person. T

117.The most common type of partnership is the limited partnership.F(P65.The most common type is general partnership)

119.Partnerships are legally required to file a copy of their partnership agreement with the court within one year of formation.F(P65.No laws require partners to file agreements with any agreement agency.)

121.The biggest advantage of regular corporations is unlimited liability. F(page 88, moderate, The Corporate Entity) or (P67. Limited liability)

125.Startup costs and double taxation are disadvantages of the corporate form of ownership.T

Short Answer

133.What is the distinction between entrepreneurship and small business?P56

The key distinctions between small-business ownership and entrepreneurship are vision, aspiration, and strategy. Whereas the small business owner has no plans for dramatics growth, seeking only a secure and comfortable income, the entrepreneur is motivated to grow, expand, and build- that is , to risk.

135.Discuss four sources of financing for starting up a small business. P58

1.Personal resources, not loans, are the most important source of money. Individuals starting new businesses will probably have to rely on personal resources. Including money from friends and relatives, personal resources account for over two-thirds of all money invested in new small businesses and one-half of that is used to purchase existing businesses.

2.Getting form banks, independent investors, and government loans requires extra effort. At a minimum, banks and private investors will want to review business plans. Government loans have strict eligibility guidelines.

3.Venture capital companies are groups of small investors seeking to make profits on companies with rapid growth potential. Most of these firms do not lend money. They invest it, supplying capital in return for partial ownership. They may also demand representation on boards of directions.

4.Small-business investment companies (SBICs) also invest in companies with potential for rapid growth. They are federally licensed to borrow money from the SBA and to invest it or lend it to small businesses, and they are themselves investments for their shareholders.

137.What are four reasons for small business failure? P63

1.Managerial incompetence or inexperience.

2. Neglect.

3. Weak control systems.

4.Insufficient capital.

CHAPTER 4 Understanding the Global Context of Business

Multiple Choice

3.As more and more firms engage in international business, the world economy is

fast becoming a single interdependent system, a process called D

a.exporting.

b.importing.

c.capital mobility.

d.globalization.

e.direct investment.

7.Under _________, Canada, the United States, and Mexico will gradually eliminate tariffs

and all other trade barriers. C

a.the EURO Agreement

b.the Pan-American Agreement

c.NAFTA

d.CMA

e.the GE Agreement

9.What is the goal of the World Trade Organization? D

a.Promote trade by encouraging member nations to adopt fair trade policies.

b.Reduce trade barriers by promoting multilateral negotiations among member nations.

c.Establish fair procedures for resolving disputes among member nations.

d.All of the abov

e. e.None of the above.

11.Which of the following is NOT a major world economic marketplace? D

a.North America

b.Western Europe

c.Pacific Asia

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,tin America

e.None of the above

15.Unilever, Royal Dutch/Shell, Michelin, and Nestle are headquartered in A

a.Western Europe.

b.the United States.

c.Canada.

d.Mexico.

e.Japan.

17.Which of the following countries is not considered a part of Pacific Asia? B

a.South Korea

b.Saudi Arabia

c.China

d.Indonesia

e.Australia

21.Saudi oil, Brazilian coffee beans, and Canadian timber are examples of E

a.monopoly power.

b.oligopoly advantage.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,petitive advantage.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,parative advantag

e. e.absolute advantage.

23.The United States has comparative advantages in D

a.the computer industry.

b.farming.

c.electronics manufacturing.

d.both a and b.

e.none of the above.

25.The total economic value of all products that a nation imports minus the total economic value of all products that it exports is called a country's C

a.market position.

b.balance of payments.

c.balance of trade.

d.economic advantag

e. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,petitive advantage.

27.When a country's exports exceed its imports, the nation has a A

a.trade surplus.

b.trade deficit.

c.balance of trade.

d.balance of payments.

e.none of the above.

31.The money that a nation pays for imports and receives for exports is called the D

a.trade deficit.

b.trade surplus.

c.balance of trade.

d.balance of payments.

e.none of the above.

33.With a(n)__________ exchange rate, the value of a country’s currency remains

constant relative to that of another country. C

a.floating

b.indexed

c.fixed

d.demand

e.adjusted

43.Which of the following buys products in foreign markets and then sells them for

resale in its home country? A

a.importer

b.exporter

c.international firm

d.diret investor

e.investment banker

49.Which of the following firms are multinationals? E

a.Exxon Mobil

b.Nestle

c.IBM

d.Ford

e.All of the above

51.A foreign individual or organization that agrees to represent an exporter's interest in foreign markets is called a(n) C

a.strategic alliance.

b.headquarters arrangement.

c.independent agent.

d.licensing arrangement.

e.branch office.

57.A strategic alliance may also be referred to as a B

a.branch office.

b.joint venture.

c.direct investment.

d.tying contract.

e.consolidation.

61.Which of the following countries has a mixed economy? C

a.Canada

b.France

c.China

d.Iran

e.Cuba

63.Which of the following restricts the number of products of a certain type that can be imported into a country? D

a.tariff

b.local government

c.subsidy

d.quota

e.local content laws

65.A government order forbidding exportation and/or importation of a particular product from a particular country is called a(n) B

a.tariff.

b.embargo.

c.subsidy.

d.local content law.

e.quota.

69.Which of the following type of tariff is meant to discourage the import of particular products? D

a.revenue tariff

b.quota tariff

c.subsidy tariff

d.protectionist tariff

e.union tariff

71.Which of the following is a government payment to help a domestic business compete with foreign firms? E

a.quota

b.revenue tariff

c.protectionist tariff

d.embargo

e.subsidy

77.The Oil Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an example of a C

a.foreign direct investment.

b.business office.

c.cartel.

d.quota.

e.subsidy.

True/False

83.Globalization refers to the process by which countries around the world are becoming

more self-sufficient. F

85.Products made domestically but shipped and sold abroad are known as imports. F

87.The North American Free Trade Agreement regulates trade between the United States, Canada, and Japan. F

89.The European Union is the largest free marketplace in the world. T

91.The primary purpose of the World Trade Organization (WTO) is to impose tariffs

on imported products. F

99.E-commerce and technology companies are an increasingly significant segment of

the Western European economy. T

103.Saudi oil is an example of an absolute advantage. T

105.National competitive advantage derives from factor conditions; demand conditions;

related and supporting industries; and strategies, structures, and rivalries. T

107.A trade deficit occurs when a nation imports more than it exports. T

113.In a floating exchange rate, the value of one country’s currency relative to another varies

with market conditions. T

119.An importer is a firm that makes products in one country and then distributes and sells

them in others. F

121.Branch offices often represent several firms at once and usually do not specialize in a particular product or market. F

125.A tariff is a tax on imported products. T

127.A subsidy is a government payment to help a domestic business compete with

foreign firms. T

Short Answer

135.Describe the four components of national competitive advantage.

1.Factor conditions are the factors of production that we identifield in charpter1

2.Demand conditions refect a large domestic consumer base that promotes strong demand for innovative products.

3.Related and supporting industries include strong local or regional suppliers and/or industrial customers

4.Strategies,structures,and rivalries refer to firms and industries that stress cost reduction, product quality,higher productivity,and innovative products

141.What different kinds of international organizational strategies could a firm use in conducting international business? Briefly describe each.

Independent agent is a foreign individual or organization that respresents an exporter in foreign markets.

Liscensing arrangements is that Companies give foreign individuals or companies exclusive rights to manufacture or market their products in that market..

Brand offfices is that international companies or multinational companies set a branch in foreign countries.

Strategic alliances is that a company find a partner in the country in which it want to do business. Foreign direct investment involves buying or establishing tangible assets in another country.

CHAPTER 5 Managing the Business Enterprise

Multiple Choice

7.A ______________ is a broad set of organizational plans for implementing the decisions

made for achieving organizational goals. E

a.mission

b.function

c.blueprint

d.formula

e.strategy

9.The purpose of ____________ strategy is to determine the firm’s overall attitude towards growth and the way it will manage its business or product lines. C

a.functional

b.business

c.corporate

d.mission

e.fundamental

11.____________ strategy focuses on how specific areas can achieve corporate goals. A

a.Functional

b.Business

c.Corporate

d.Mission

e.Fundamental

15.Statements of how an organization will achieve their purposes in the environments in

which they conduct their business are called A

a.mission statements.

b.intermediate goals.

c.long-term goals.

d.human relations skills.

e.short-term goals.

21.Which of the following is often concerned with the nuts and bolts of setting goals,

choosing tactics, and establishing schedules? C

a.strategy

b.mission statement

c.planning

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizing

e.controlling

23.Which of the following outlines how an organization intends to meet its goals

and includes the firm's responsiveness to new challenges and needs? C

a.tactics

b.goal setting

c.strategy

d.controlling

e.research and development

27.Changing consumer tastes, hostile takeover offers, and new government regulations are examples of organizational A

a.threats.

b.opportunities.

c.strategies.

d.tactics.

e.internal factors.

31.Which of the following is considered an organizational strength? E

a.surplus case

b.dedicated work force

c.technical expertise

d.little competition

e.all of the above

33.Which of the following reflect decisions about resource allocations, company priorities,

and the steps needed to meet strategic goals? D

a.tactical plans

b.operational plans

c.strategic tactics

d.strategic plans

e.operational

tactics

35.Developed by mid- and lower-level managers, these short-term targets are directed at daily, weekly, or monthly performance. D

a.strategic goals

b.tactical plans

c.strategic plans

d.operational plans

e.tactical

strategies

41.The management function of ___________ involves setting goals, developing a strategy to reach each goal, and designing plans to implement each strategy. C

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizing

b.developing

c.planning

d.controlling

e.processing

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizing is the management process of B

a.guiding and motivating employees to meet organizational objectives.

b.determining how best to arrange an organization’s resources into a coherent structure.

c.scanning the business environment for threats and opportunities.

d.determining what an organization needs to do and how best to get it don

e.

e.monitoring an organization’s performance to ensure that it is meeting its goals.

45.The manager uses which of the following management processes to guide and motivate

employees to meet the firm's objectives? A

a.directing

b.controlling

c.planning

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizing

e.producing

49.Controlling is the management process of E

a.guiding and motivating employees to meet organizational objectives.

b.determining how best to arrange an organization's resources into a coherent structure.

c.scanning the business environment for threats and opportunities.

d.determining what an organization needs to do and how best to get it don

e.

e.monitoring an organization's performance to ensure that it is meeting its goals.

55.Which of the following levels of management set general policies, formulate strategies, approve all significant decisions, and represent the company in dealings with other firms and with government bodies? C

a.operations managers

b.production managers

c.top managers

d.middle managers

e. first-line supervisors

57.Which of the following levels of management are responsible for implementing the strategies, policies,and decisions made by top managers? B

a.first-line managers

b.middle managers

c.supervisors

d.office managers

e.group leader

59.Which of the following levels of management spend most of their time working with and supervising the employees who report to them? A

a. first-line managers

b.middle managers

c.top managers

d.plant managers

e.chief executive officers

61.Systems by which a firm produces goods and services are called B

a. human resources.

b. operations.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,rmation.

d.districts.

e.departments.

63.Which of the following managers are responsible for getting products from producers to consumers?

D

a.production managers

b. operations managers

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,rmation managers

d.marketing managers

e.financial managers

67.The skills needed to perform specialized tasks are called C

a.motor skills.

b.human relations skills.

c.technical skills.

d.conceptual skills.

e. decision-making skills.

69.Which of the following statements about technical skills is most correct? A

a.Technical skills are most important to first-line managers.

b.Technical skills are most important to middle managers.

c.Technical skills are most important to top managers.

d.Technical skills are equally important at all levels of management.

e.Technical skills are rarely needed by managers.

73.Which of the following managers depend most on conceptual skills? B

a.first-line managers

b.top managers

c.middle managers

d.production managers

e.marketing managers

77.The shared experiences,stories,beliefs,and norms that characterizean organization are called D

a.human resources management.

b.its production philosophy.

c.a mission statement.

d.its corporate cultur

e.

True/False

83.The starting point in effective management is setting goals. T

85.Functional strategies determine the firm’s overall attitude toward growth and the way

that it will manage its business or product lines. F

87.Goal setting provides direction and guidance for first-level managers only. F

93.A tactic is a broad program that describes what an organization intends to do. F

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizational analysis involves scanning the environment for threats and opportunities. F

97.Tactical plans reflect decisions about resource allocations, company priorities, and the

steps needed to meet strategic goals. T

105.Determining the best way to arrange a business' resources and activities into a coherent

structure is called controlling.(ORGANIZING) F

109.Most managers would be categorized as top managers. F

115.The skills needed to perform specialized tasks are called technical skills. T

117.Human relations skills include the ability to get along with subordinates and to motivate

employees to perform. T

121.The last step in the decision making process is the selection of the best

alternative.(IMPLEMENT) F

125.Corporate culture reflects an organization’s reason for being. T

Short Answer

131.Discuss the three broad levels of strategy that organizations may implement.

The purpose of corporate strategy is to determine the firm’s overall attitude toward growth and the way it will manage its businesses or product lines.A company may decide to grow by increasing its activities or investment or to retrench by reducing them.

Business(or competitive)strategy,which takes place at the level of the business unit or product line,focuses on improving the co mpany’s competitive position.

At the level of functional strategy,managers in specific areas decide how best to achieve

corporate goals by being as productive as possible.

135.Differentiate between strategic, tactical, and operational plans.

Plans can be viewed on four levels:strategic plan,tactical plan, operational plan and contingency planning.

Strategic plan reflect about resource allocations,company priorities,and the steps needed to meet strategic goals.The plan is broad and long-range.It is for goal setting and usually created by the firm’s top management team.

Tactical plans are shorter-range plans for implementing specific aspects of the company’s strategic

plans. It is for identifying and usually created by lower manager.

Operational plan,which are developed by midlevel and lower-level managers,set short-term targets for daily,weekly,or monthly performance.

Contingency planning,is backup plans in case primary plans fail,it is planning for change,it seeks to identify in advance important aspects of a business or its market that might change.It also identifies the ways in which a company will respond to change.

145.Where does an organization’s culture come from?

In some cases it emanates from the days of an organization’s founder.In other cases,an organization’s culture id forged over a long period of time by a constant and focused business strategy.

CHAPTER 6 Organizing the Business Enterprise

Multiple Choice

3.Which of the following elements determine an organization's structure? E

a.the organization's purpose

b.the organization's mission

c.the organization's strategy

d.the organization's technology

e.all of the above

5.Which of the following clarify structure and show employees where they fit into a firm's operations? C

a.departmentalization

b.delegation

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anization charts

d.responsibility

e.mission statement

9.The process of identifying the specific jobs that need to be done and designating the people who will perform them leads to B

a.departmentalization.

b.job specialization.

c.group tasks.

d.segmentation.

e.mission enhancement.

11.When the overall "job" of the organization is broken down into several smaller jobs, managers B

a.fragment the task.

b.specialize the job.

c.respond to the job.

d.segment the market.

e.control the market.

13.As a very small organization grows, so does the need to B

a.find buyers.

b.specialize.

c.retrench.

d.redevelop.

e.internalize.

23.When each department targets a specific customer category, departmentalization occurs along B

a.functional lines.

b.customer lines.

c.product lines.

d.geographic lines.

e.process lines.

27.Vlasic has separate departments to transform cucumbers into fresh-packed pickles,

pickles

cured in brine, and relishes. This is an example of B

a.functional departmentalization.

b.process departmentalization.

c.customer departmentalization.

d.geographic departmentalization.

e.finance departmentalization.

29.When a firm has one division for the United States, one for Europe, and another for Asia, the firm is departmentalized according to C

a.customer.

b.process.

c.geography.

d.function.

e.all of the above.

31.The development of the decision-making hierarchy generally results from which of the following? D

a.assigning tasks

b.performing tasks

c.distributing authority

d.all of the above

e.none of the above

37.___________ is the assignment of a task, responsibility, or authority by a manager to a subordinate. A

a.Delegation

b.Responsibility

c.Centralization

d.Decentralization

e.Authority

39.__________ is the liability of subordinates for accomplishing tasks assigned by managers. C

a.Authority

b.Centralization

c.Accountability

d.Span of control

e.Departmentalization of the task

41.In a(n)___________ organization, most decision-making is held by upper-level managers. C

a.democratic

b.authentic

c.centralized

d.decentralized

e.linear

45._____________ organizations become more responsive to the environment by breaking

the company into more manageable units. B

a.Centralized

b.Decentralized

c.Point-of-sale

d.Geographic

e.Process-oriented

49.The U.S. Army has a _________ organizational structure, with many organizational layers. A

a.tall

b.short

c.flat

d.broad

e.flexible

55.Authority that flows up and down the chain of command is called C

a.staff authority.

b.departmental authority.

c.line authority.

d.legal authority.

e.delegated authority.

65.The basic form of organization used by most small to medium-sized firms is B

a.divisional.

b.functional.

c.matrix.

d.international.

e.process.

77.Wal-Mart handles all international operations through separate C

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,panies.

b.countries.

c.international divisions.

d.departments.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f18717588.html,anizations.

79.Wal-Mart’s distribution centers share inventory information with suppliers, allowing them

to manufacture new inventory and restock the distribution center. Wal-Mart is an example of

a ________ organization. D

a.team

b.virtual

c.learning

d.boundaryless

e.flexible

Fundamentalsofbusiness《工商导论》说课稿

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生进一步探索学习具有重要作用。 基于以上学情分析和课程在整个培养方案中的作用，本 课程的教学目标便非常明确了。按照语言与商务知识复合型 人才的培养目标，《工商导论》以英语为授课语言，全面、 系统、概要地介绍了市场经济体制下工商企业运作各方面的 知识。因此，该课程的教学目标也主要围绕语言和商务知识 两个方面展开，同时在教学环节中融入能力培养。具体要求 是：在语言方面，要求学生掌握相关商务领域的专业术语表 达，理解并能够用英语口头和书面探讨商务领域相关问题； 对商务知识的教学要求是了解工商企业运作各方面的相关 概念和基本原理，但不要求深入钻研；在能力方面的目标是 培养学生的思辨能力、自主学习能力以及在实际商务环境中 运用商务英语的能力。 2.教学内容 该课程使用的教材是对外经贸大学陈准明教授主编的 《工商导论》第二版。该教材是商务英语专业规划教材，编 写的基本理念是“以英语为载体，学习商务知识”。因此， 本课程的教学内容包含了语言和商务知识两个方面。用英语 讲授工商企业从设立到经营各个方面的基本知识，涵盖了企 业设立、市场营销、经营管理、对外贸易、融资等五个方面，共16个单元。该课程的教学重点是商务英语和商务领域的

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2011年11月商务英语专业工商导论模拟练习 本试卷分两部分．满分l00分，考试时间150分钟。 1第一部分为选择题，应考者必须在答题卡上按要求填涂，不能答在试卷上。 2第二部分为非选择题，应考者必须在答题卡上直接答题，答在试卷上无效。 3请按照试题题号顺序在答题区域内作答。 Part One（20%) I ．Multiple Choice(1％X20 =20％） Direcnions:In this part, there are items 1-20. For each item, there are fourchoices marked A,B，C and D. Choose the best one end write your answers on the Answer Sheet. I ．A(n）＿is an association of two or more persons to carry on as co-owners of a business for profit. A. sole proprietorship B. partnership C. corporation D. franchising 2. Colombia, Brazil and China’s Yunnan Province have a(n)＿in growing cof- fee beams, because in terms of climate those areas are more favourable for growing coffee beans than other parts of the world. A. absolute advantage B. comparative advantage C: definite advantage D. indefinite advantage 3. Based on the findings of the job analysis，a(n)＿lists the objectives,respon-sibilities,main tasks of the job，the conditions under which the job is to be done，and its relationship to other jobs. A. job description B. job specification C. job forecasting D. job scouting 4. Which of the following does NOT belong to Non-Tariff Barriers?

工商导论runyourownbusiness精选课后题

C h a p t e r1S e t t i n g U p a B u s i n e s s 1.In which field will you set up your business? With the development of the science and technology, many traditional goods have been displaced by electrical apparatus. Almostly we do anything by using electricity, such as electric cookers, cellphones, computers and air conditioners. We strongly realize it when there’s something wrong with electricity. So I want to set up my business ,building a supermarket, in the field of electrical appliance and electronic goods. 2.Will your business be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation ? My business will be a sole proprietorship. The advantages of sole proprietorships are many fold. The following are their major appeals. First of all, it’s simple to establish. Just pay a small fee, get the necessary state and local licenses or permits. Secondly, it’s more freer in decision-making. As a sole proprietor ,I can make my own decisions on business policies and operations, such as the type of goods or services I want to offer at the price I feel appropriate. Thirdly, it’s easy to keep operational and financial secrecy. I don’t have to report to shareholders or board directors. Fourthly, it’s less tax burden. The tax rates for sole proprietors are often only half of those for corporations.

Fundamentals,of,business,《工商导论》说课稿 skypeofbusiness

Fundamentals,of,business,《工商导论》说课稿skypeofbusiness 尊敬的各位专家，大家好！ 我的抽签号是8号，申报的职称是教授。我今天进行说课的课程是Fundamentals of business 《工商导论》，以下我将从课程定位与学情分析，教学目标，重点难点，教学方法，教学准备与时间分配，教学程序，考核评价，教学反思八个方面进行说课，请各位专家批评指正。 1.首先，课程定位与目标 《工商导论》是英语专业（商务英语方向）专业选修课。该专业的培养目标是旨在培养既具备扎实的语言基础，又具有商务领域基础知识和基本技能的复合型人才。《工商导论》是一门全英文授课的商务类课程，在学生从语言学习过渡到商务知识学习的过程中起着重要的桥梁作用。本课程的先修课程为《商务交际英语》，后续课程为国际贸易、工商管理和市场营销方向的专业选修课课程群。 该课程开设在第5学期，教学对象是英语专业（商务英语方向）三年级学生。学生在一年级和二年级基础阶段进行了大量的语言技能训练，在通用英语听说读写译方面达到了中级以上水平，到高年级阶段，将接受商务知识的学习。《工商导论》作为商务知识概论课程，对激发学生兴趣，引导学生进一步探索学习具有重要作用。 基于以上学情分析和课程在整个培养方案中的作用，本课程的教学目标便非常明确了。按照语言与商务知识复合型人才的培养目标，《工商导论》以英语为授课语言，全面、系统、概要地介绍了市场经济体制下工商企业运作各方面的知识。因此，该课程的教学目标也主要围绕语言和商务知识两个方面展开，同时在教学环节中融入能力培养。具体要求是：在语言方面，要求学生掌握相关商务领域的专业术语表达，理解并能够用英语口头和书面探讨商务领域相关问题； 对商务知识的教学要求是了解工商企业运作各方面的相关概念和基本原理，但不要求深入钻研； 在能力方面的目标是培养学生的思辨能力、自主学习能力以及在实际商务环境中运用商务英语的能力。 2.教学内容 该课程使用的教材是对外经贸大学陈准明教授主编的《工商导论》第二版。该教材是商务英语专业规划教材，编写的基本理念是“以英语为载体，学习商务知识”。因此，本课程的教学内容包含了语言和商务知识两个方面。用英语讲授工商企业从设立到经营各个方面的基本知识，涵盖了企业设立、市场营销、经营管理、对外贸易、融资等五个方面，共16个单元。该课程的教学重点是商务英语和商务领域的基本概念与原理。教学难点是个别商务知识的理解，如财务报表的制作，证券市场运作以及国际贸易流程等等。这些知识对于英语专业的学生来说还是有一定的难度的。 3.教学方法与手段 本课程教学设计的基本原则是“Learning by doing做中学”，即通过实际操作掌握所学内容。具体教学中使用的方法有以下几种： A.情景教学法。本课程的内容设计非常适合情景教学。从第一章“设立企业”开始，学生被

chapter1 setting up a business

第一章教学单元教案设计

第一章教学单元讲稿 Fundamentals of Business 工商导论 一，本课内容：Chapter 1 Setting up a Business 课程名称：工商导论 二，分析思路： 1) Part One 引入 Warm-up Discussion Do you know these companies? 2) Part Two 要点解析 Company types: 1, Sole Proprietorship 2, Partnership 3, Limited Liability company 4, joint-stock enterprise 5, Mergers & Acquisitions 6, Franchise 3)Part Three 师生互动 1, Can you name some business giants in the Automobile Industry, Electrical Appliance, IT Industry, Mobil phone? 2, which form of business ownership do you want to choose if you want to start your business upon graduation? 4)Part Four 课程小结 三，课程导入： Warm-up Discussion Do you know these companies?

四，教授内容 一)Sole Proprietorship (个体企业) 1.definition An organization that is owned, and usually managed, by a person or family is called sole proprietorship. It is the oldest, most common, and simplest form of business organization. Eg: neighborhood news-stand, barber house 2.Sole Proprietorship - Key Attributes ●Creation (minimum requirements) - No Formalities for creating a sole proprietorship. ●Profits / Losses / Distributions - Owner may use all profits and losses for business. ●Liability - Owner faces unlimited personal liability. ●Capital / Financing - All capital obtained from owner or through loans based on owner's creditworthiness. ●Management and Control - Owner manages and controls the company. ●Reporting Requirements - None. 3.Advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Can make decisions quickly Keeps all the rewards Easy to set up Privacy of business affairs Disadvantages: Limited sources of finance Unlimited liability, i.e. can lose personal assets Limited managerial skills No one to share workload and ideas 二)Partnership (合伙制) 1.Definition A partnership is the relationship existing between two or more persons who join to carry on a trade or business. Each person contributes money, property, labor or skill, and expects to share in the profits and losses of the business. E.g. "Big Four" accountancy firms (“四大”会计师事务所) PriceWaterhouse Coopers 普华永道会计师事务所 KPMG（毕马威）是世界上最大的专业服务机构之一。毕马威提供三类主营服务，分别是：审计、税务和咨询。 Deloitte & WEF (德勤)主要业务集中在四个领域：审计、税务规划、咨询和财务顾问，全球有一半以上的大型企业、国有企业、公共机构、本地重要客户以及成功 的成长期企业都在享受着德勤的服务。 Ernest & Young (安永)提供咨询/法律/财会/中介服务 2.Advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Share resources / ideas Can cover for each other More sources of finance than sole trader Partners can specialize Disadvantages: Usually unlimited liability

fundamentals of business 《工商导论》说课稿.doc

fundamentals of business 《工商导论》 说课稿 尊敬的各位专家，大家好！ 我的抽签号是8号，申报的职称是教授。我今天进行说课的课程是fundamentals of business 《工商导论》，以下我将从课程 定位与学情分析，教学目标，重点难点，教学方法，教学准备与时间分配，教学程序，考核评价，教学反思八个方面进行说课，请各位专家批评指正。 1. 首先，课程定位与目标 《工商导论》是英语专业（商务英语方向）专业选修课。该专业的培养目标是旨在培养既具备扎实的语言基础，又具有商务领域基础知识和基本技能的复合型人才。《工商导论》是一门全英文授课的商务类课程，在学生从语言学习过渡到商务知识学习的过程中起着重要的桥梁作用。本课程的先修课程为《商务交际英语》，后续课程为国际贸易、工商管理和市场营销方向的专业选修课课程群。 该课程开设在第5学期，教学对象是英语专业（商务英语方向）三年级学生。学生在一年级和二年级基础阶段进行了大量的语言技能训练，在通用英语听说读写译方面达到了中级以上水平，到

高年级阶段，将接受商务知识的学习。《工商导论》作为商务知识概论课程，对激发学生兴趣，引导学生进一步探索学习具有重要作用。 基于以上学情分析和课程在整个培养方案中的作用，本课程的教学目标便非常明确了。按照语言与商务知识复合型人才的培养目标，《工商导论》以英语为授课语言，全面、系统、概要地介绍了市场经济体制下工商企业运作各方面的知识。因此，该课程的教学目标也主要围绕语言和商务知识两个方面展开，同时在教学环节中融入能力培养。具体要求是：在语言方面，要求学生掌握相关商务领域的专业术语表达，理解并能够用英语口头和书面探讨商务领域相关问题；对商务知识的教学要求是了解工商企业运作各方面的相关概念和基本原理，但不要求深入钻研；在能力方面的目标是培养学生的思辨能力、自主学习能力以及在实际商务环境中运用商务英语的能力。 2. 教学内容 该课程使用的教材是对外经贸大学陈准明教授主编的《工商导论》第二版。该教材是商务英语专业规划教材，编写的基本理念是“以英语为载体，学习商务知识”。因此，本课程的教学内容包含了语言和商务知识两个方面。用英语讲授工商企业从设立到经营各个方面的基本知识，涵盖了企业设立、市场营销、经营管理、对外贸易、融资等五个方面，共16个单元。该课程的教学

工商导论 1-5 run your own business 6-10 课后题

Chapter 1 Setting Up a Business 1.In which field will you set up your business? With the development of the science and technology, many traditional goods have been displaced by electrical apparatus. Almostly we do anything by using electricity, such as electric cookers, cellphones, computers and air conditioners. We strongly realize it when there’s something wrong with electricity. So I want to set up my business ,building a supermarket, in the field of electrical appliance and electronic goods. 2.Will your business be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation ? My business will be a sole proprietorship. The advantages of sole proprietorships are many fold. The following are their major appeals. First of all, it’s simple to establish. Just pay a small fee, get the necessary state and local licenses or permits. Secondly, it’s more freer in decision-making. As a sole proprietor ,I can make my own decisions on business policies and operations, such as the type of goods or services I want to offer at the price I feel appropriate. Thirdly, it’s easy to keep operational and financial secrecy. I don’t have to report to shareholders or board directors. Fourthly, it’s less tax burden. The tax rates for sole proprietors are often only half of those for corporations.

工商导论翻译1-13

工商导论翻译1-13

简化了。 2. 决策自由 相较于其他类型的商业经营，个体经营在商业政策和运作上拥有更多的自由。作为个体营业者，提供什么样的产品（或服务），以你认为合适的价格成交，都由你自己决定。你用不着和其他任何人商量何时开门营业和闭店，该雇用什么样的人做你的助手，何时休息去希腊度假一周，这些都由你自己决定。 3. 易于保守经营和财务秘密 尤如在战场上获胜，商场上的胜利有时候也要依靠保守秘密。如果你是一名公司经理，你就很难保守自己的商业战略秘密。但如果你是个体经营者，你就不必对股东或董事们汇报。没有人会知道你的企业运作或财政上的信息，除非你急不可耐地想要引人关注。 4. 税收负担较少 与其他商业形式相比，个体经营者在纳税方面最为幸运。在美国，个体经营者的税率往往只有公司税率的一半。 5. 独自享有利润

无论是总经理还是蓝领工人，只要是作雇员就常常会有“为他人做嫁衣”的感觉。这也是为什么很多人都选择自己做老板的原因。个体经营者则不同。如果努力工作，赚了一笔钱，那么就可以完全独享所有的利润，不用和他人分享。这或许也是作个体经营者最有吸引力的地方了。 劣势 成为个体经营者并不是说就可以无忧无虑了，以下是其经营方式的不利方面： 1. 无限责任 对每位个体经营者来说无限责任是最可怕的恶梦。责任在这里意味着偿还债务的义务。按照法律，个体经营者的无限责任意味着，如果此人破产了，偿还债务不仅有可能倾尽他全部的商业财产，还有可能耗尽他的部分或者全部个人财产， 2. 有限的资金渠道 个体经营者可能也较容易从银行获得贷款，因为他有商业资产或个人资产做抵押。可是同那些既能从银行获得贷款又能向股东融资的大型企业相比，个体经营者获取资金的途径十分有

工商导论翻译1-7

第一章建立企业 当问起将来想干什么时，大多雄心勃勃的商科学生都会说：“自主创业，做自己的老板。” 那么市场经济中，企业的主要形式有哪些呢？企业主要有四种形式，即：个体经营（独资经营），合伙企业，公司和特许经营。 个体经营 个体经营指由一个人拥有并控制管理的商业形式。在美国，个体经营占有整个商业的四分之三。与众人认为的“美国是一个由众多大型企业组成的国家”正好相反，这些个体企业主要集中在餐馆、街角的杂货店、花店、美容沙龙、药店、农场以及一些相似的行业。 优势 个体经营有许多优势，主要的吸引力在一下几个方面： 1. 易于建立 在美国，建立一个新的个体企业通常只需几分钟。交纳很少的费用并取得州政府和地方签发的执照或许可，你就成为新企业的所有者和老板。近年来在中国，创办个体企业的手续已大大简化了。 2. 决策自由 相较于其他类型的商业经营，个体经营在商业政策和运作上拥有更多的自由。作为个体营业者，提供什么样的产品（或服务），以你认为合适的价格成交，都由你自己决定。你用不着和其他任何人商量何时开门营业和闭店，该雇用什么样的人做你的助手，何时休息去希腊度假一周，这些都由你自己决定。 3. 易于保守经营和财务秘密 尤如在战场上获胜，商场上的胜利有时候也要依靠保守秘密。如果你是一名公司经理，你就很难保守自己的商业战略秘密。但如果你是个体经营者，你就不必对股东或董事们汇报。没有人会知道你的企业运作或财政上的信息，除非你急不可耐地想要引人关注。 4. 税收负担较少 与其他商业形式相比，个体经营者在纳税方面最为幸运。在美国，个体经营者的税率往往只有公司税率的一半。 5. 独自享有利润 无论是总经理还是蓝领工人，只要是作雇员就常常会有“为他人做嫁衣”的感觉。这也是为什么很多人都选择自己做老板的原因。个体经营者则不同。如果努力工作，赚了一笔钱，那么就可以完全独享所有的利润，不用和他人分享。这或许也是作个体经营者最有吸引力的地方了。 劣势 成为个体经营者并不是说就可以无忧无虑了，以下是其经营方式的不利方面： 1. 无限责任 对每位个体经营者来说无限责任是最可怕的恶梦。责任在这里意味着偿还债务的义务。按照法律，个体经营者的无限责任意味着，如果此人破产了，偿还债务不仅有可能倾尽他全

工商导论笔记——考点

第一章 老师没说过重点，我把有笔记的地方讲一下 P1 大写A的那段第一句个体户(sole proprietorship)的定义 P3 这一页第二段第三句无限责任(unlimited liability)的定义最后一段第二句合伙公司(partnership)的定义 P4 第二段开头结尾都是partnerships的那段合伙公司常见的类型Advantages里的2、4 P5 Disadvantages里的2、3 P7 Double Taxation双税 P8 第二段第一句加盟经营(franchising)的定义 第二章 老师说过重点 P16～17 营销组合(marketing mix)全部主要是4个P 第三章 老师说过重点 P27～28 盈亏平衡点分析(Break-even Analysis)全部 还有添出来的：Extension Strategies (1)Modify the product,“new”,“added”,“extra”ingredient (2)Develop complimentary products,(picture printer for DCs) (3)Promote more heavily (4)Find new uses for the product 第四章 老师没划重点，我的笔记

P35 Agents and Brokers那一段第二句我估计会出“对比题” P36 配送运输(Physical Distribution)的定义第一句，到consumers行了P37～38 运输的五种模式 第五章 老师讲了重点 P45～46 Personal Selling的七个步骤 P46～47 Exhibie5表格 P47 本页第三段第一句Publicity的定义 第六章 问同学抄的笔记 P52 黑体字钱的五个特点 P53～54 What Does Money Do?里的黑体字钱的三个功能 P54 最后第二段第二第三行forms of money 三个 P55 第一段第二句支票(check)的定义 P55～56 M-2里第二段前三句货币市场基金(money-market funds)的定义 P56～57 吸收存款、发放贷款的七种方式(1)和(2)就是Commercial Banks 下面的1)和2)，(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)是下面的黑体字currency exchange、letters of credit、banker's acceptance、drafts，(7)是Financial counseling P58 第三段第二句养老基金(pension fund)的定义 P59 最后第三段的最后三个黑体字旁边写了“如何使用这三个工具?” 最后第二段第二、三、四句旁边注明“How to control the money supply?” 第七章 老师划过重点，如下： P64 最后一段第一句行业信用(Trade credit)的定义 P65 第三段第二句从promissory note开始本票(promissory note)的定义然后后面划了一句“promissory notes bear interest” P65～66 最后一句“If a firm ……repaymkent” P67 第二段第一句贴现商(factor)的定义最后第二段留存收益(Retained Earnings) P68～71 债券和股票的区别P68 Bonds和Stock里自己找老师没说过 优先股和普通股的区别 P70～71 (1)70页倒数第二段倒数第二句；71页倒数第二段第一句(2)70页最后一段第三行“preferred……paid”；71页最后一段

工商导论 单词

Chapter1 Sole proprietorship 商个人，个体户partnership 商合伙，合伙公司 Corporation（股份有限）公司 license/permit （营业）执照 Sole proprietor 个体业主 shareholder 股东 Board director 董事会成员，董事 unlimited liability无限责任 Go bankrupt (go broke) 破产 access获取方法，渠道 Assets资产 Financing融资 Marketing营销 Partner合伙人 Dissolution解散 Law firm法律事务所 Accounting firm会计事务所 Real estate firm房产中介所 General partner普通合伙人 Limited partner(责任)有限合伙人 Supplier供货商Extend credit 提供信贷 legal framework 法律框架 internal conflict内部纷争，冲突 broth肉汤 incorporator公司股东 stockholder股东 sales revenue销售收入 legal person法人 sue起诉，控告 bond债权 collateral抵押物 finance为。。提供资金 expansion扩张 separated ownership and management所有权与经营分离 termination终结 dividend股息，分红 income tax所得税 double taxation双重征税 corporate charter公司章程 industrial relations劳资关系 incur引起，导致

工商导论第一章

《工商导论》（Fundamentals of Business） 考核方式： 考试 考试题型： 选择题；填空；连线搭配；英译汉；汉译英。 教学目的 以英语为授课语言，全面、系统、概要地介绍市场经济体制下工商企业的运作，让学生对市场经济既现代工商企业的运作用一个总体印象，并熟悉同期业环境、经营管理、金融财务、法律保险等方面有关的英语词汇和用语，为下一步学习更微观、更具体的课程打下基础。1．商务知识：了解在中国融入全球经济时，在工商管理方面所需的基本概念和相关的英语知识。 2．词汇：商务英语词汇具有比较强的专业性，要求学生在一学期的学习中有管理、营销、金融、财务、贸易、法律和保险等方面1000左右的专业词汇积累，以及商务常见的缩略语，机构名称等。 3．听力与口语：能够流利地在一般性的商务活动中进行交流，能流利地进行商务方面的口头陈述和报告，并能对相关案例做讨论，；4．写作：能看懂和起草商务单据、文件、信函和报告； 5．阅读：能够阅读原版的经贸书刊。

Set up a business and be my own boss Chapter One Setting up a Business建立企业 Four major forms of business: 1.sole proprietorship个体经营 优点：易于建立；simple to establish; 决策自由；freer in decision-making; 易于保守经营和财务秘密；easy to keep operational and financial secrecy 税收负担较少；less tax burden 独自享有利润exclusive use of profits 缺点：无限责任；unlimited liability 有限的资金渠道；limited access to capital 有限的管理技巧limited managerial expertise 2.partnership合伙企业 优点：更方便得到资金和信贷；improve access to capital and credit 优质管理的可能性大大增加greater possibility for good management 明确的法律框架；definite legal framework 更好的发展前景better prospects for growth 缺点：无限责任；unlimited liability 内部矛盾；internal conflict

工商导论翻译14-15

第十四课人力资源管理 对于当代企业，没有什么比有一群训练有素、能恰当定位、十分令人满意、高度行动起来的雇员更有价值。这就是为什么管理者对人力资源开发越来越重视。在本课和一下课里将介绍开发人力资源方面常用的做法，讨论如何满足和调动员工的理论和技巧。 人力资源规划 规划不仅对营销、生产、财务至关重要，而且对人力资源至关重要。在人力资源规划的要素方面，对岗位的分析和人力资源需求的预测是两个最重要的组成。 岗位描述和要求 为了确定编制和应具备的条件，人力资源经理首先应分析，为实现企业的目标，他们所需要的岗位的特点。然后，他要决定每项工作应具备的素质。这个过程的结果就是岗位描述和岗位要求。 1、岗位描述 根据岗位分析的的结果，岗位描述列出了岗位目标、职责、主要工作范围、岗位条件和与其它岗位之间的关系。 2、岗位要求 岗位要求是根据岗位描述制定出来的，说明了所需具体的技能、教育背景、工作经验和完成此项工作需要的相关资历。 准备岗位描述和要求是人力资源经理最基本的职能。为了招聘员工、比较照和决定薪水以及安排必要的培训，岗位要求往往被打印在相关岗位描述的边上。 预测 依据岗位分析和企业现有人力资源的情况，人力资源经理预测企业在短期（一年）、中期（1－5年）和长期（5年以上）的招聘需求。 为了避免人员冗余或短缺，经理也要考虑正常的人员流动、接近退休年龄段的人数、公司的发展计划和劳动力市场的变化等因素。经理要对特殊技能和要求经验的岗位的人才需求多花点心思，因为如果没有事先的物色和安排，要及时填补这些空缺是很难的。 人员配备 一旦岗位描述和要求确定后，公司就可以从外部进行招募，或者从内部提升，来填补空缺的岗位。

工商导论

第一章 P1 大写A的那段第一句个体户(sole proprietorship)的定义 P3 这一页第二段第三句无限责任(unlimited liability)的定义最后一段第二句合伙公司(partnership)的定义 P4 第二段开头结尾都是partnerships的那段合伙公司常见的类型Advantages里的2、4 P5 Disadvantages里的2、3 P7 Double Taxation双税 P8 第二段第一句加盟经营(franchising)的定义 第二章老师说过重点 P16～17 营销组合(marketing mix)全部主要是4个P 第三章老师说过重点 P27～28 盈亏平衡点分析(Break-even Analysis)全部 还有添出来的：Extension Strategies (1)Modify the product,“new”,“added”,“extra”ing redient (2)Develop complimentary products,(picture printer for DCs) (3)Promote more heavily (4)Find new uses for the product 第四章老师没划重点，我的笔记 P35 Agents and Brokers那一段第二句我估计会出“对比题” P36 配送运输(Physical Distribution)的定义第一句，到consumers行了P37～38 运输的五种模式 第五章老师讲了重点 P45～46 Personal Selling的七个步骤 P46～47 Exhibie5表格 P47 本页第三段第一句Publicity的定义 第六 P52 黑体字钱的五个特点 P53～54 What Does Money Do?里的黑体字钱的三个功能 P54 最后第二段第二第三行forms of money 三个 P55 第一段第二句支票(check)的定义 P55～56 M-2里第二段前三句货币市场基金(money-market funds)的定义 P56～57 吸收存款、发放贷款的七种方式(1)和(2)就是Commercial Banks 下面的1)和2)，(3)、(4)、(5)、(6)是下面的黑体字currency exchange、letters of credit、banker's acceptance、drafts，(7)是Financial counseling P58 第三段第二句养老基金(pension fund)的定义 P59 最后第三段的最后三个黑体字旁边写了“如何使用这三个工具?” 最后第二段第二、三、四句旁边注明“How to control the money supply?”

工商导论runyourownbusiness精选课后题

工商导论 r u n y o u r o w n b u s i n e s s精选课后题 Document serial number【KK89K-LLS98YT-SS8CB-SSUT-SST108】

C h a p t e r1S e t t i n g U p a B u s i n e s s 1.In which field will you set up your business With the development of the science and technology, many traditional goods have been displaced by electrical apparatus. Almostly we do anything by using electricity, such as electric cookers, cellphones, computers and air conditioners. We strongly realize it when there’s something wrong with electricity. So I want to set up my business ,building a supermarket, in the field of electrical appliance and electronic goods. 2.Will your business be a sole proprietorship, a partnership, or a corporation My business will be a sole proprietorship. The advantages of sole proprietorships are many fold. The following are their major appeals. First of all, it’s simple to establish. Just pay a small fee, get the necessary state and local licenses or permits. Secondly, it’s more freer in decision-making. As a sole proprietor ,I can make my own decisions on business policies and operations, such as the type of goods or services I want to offer at the price I feel appropriate. Thirdly, it’s easy to keep operational and financial secrecy. I don’t have to report to shareholders or board directors. Fourthly, it’s less tax burden. The tax rates for sole proprietors are often only half of those for corporations.