大学英语听力

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Scientists understand how twins are born.Now though, they are trying to explain how being half of a biological pair influences a twin's identity.They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don't live near each other.For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins.They were separated when they were only 4-month old.The two Jims grew up in different families and did not meet for 39 years.When they finally met, they discovered some surprising similarities between them.Both men were married twice.Their first wives were named Linda, and their second wives were both named Betty.Both twins named their first sons James Allen.Scientists want to know what influences our personality.They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis.These twins help scientists understand the connection between environment and biology.Researchers at the University of Minnesota, studied 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together.They discovered many similarities in their personalities.Scientists believe that personality characteristics such as friendliness, shyness and fears are not a result of environment.These characteristics are probably inherited.Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions.For example, they want to know "Can twins really communicate without speaking?""Can one twin really feel another twin's pain?"Perhaps with more research, scientists will find the answers.

科学家明白为什么会出现双胞胎。尽管如此，他们还是在试图解释一个问题——双生子中的某一个是怎么影响他们这一对双胞胎的一致性的。科学家们想了解很多同卵双胞胎会做出相似决定的原因，为什么就算双胞胎相隔甚远，也依然如此？比如吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易就是一对同卵双胞胎他们在只有四个月大时就被分开了。两个吉姆各自在不同的家庭长大，39年以来都未曾谋面。他们最终相见时，发现共同之处出奇地多。他们俩都结过两次婚。而且第一任妻子都叫琳达，第二任妻子都叫贝蒂。他们都给自己的第一个孩子取名叫詹姆斯·艾伦。科学家想了解，究竟是什么在影响着我们的个性。他们研究一对对像吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易一样，在不同环境下成长的同卵双胞胎。这些双胞胎帮助科学家了解环境和遗传之间的关系。明尼苏达大学的研究者对350对同卵双胞胎进行了研究，他们都没有一起成长。他们发现了这些双胞胎个性中的许多相似之处。科学家认为，诸如友善、害羞、恐惧等性格特征都并非环境作用的结果。这些特征很有可能是遗传而来。科学家仍在继续对同卵双胞胎的研究，因为仍然存在很多不确定的地方，存在很多问题。比如他们想知道“双胞胎不说话就能交流吗？”“其中一个双胞胎真的能感受到另一个孪生子的痛楚吗？”随着越来越多的研究，科学家可能会找到答案。

Today I'm going to talk about tents. Camping is still one of the cheapest ways of having a holiday. And each year, over 3 million people take camping vocations, either here in Britain or aboard, mostly on the continent. Obviously, camping can't be as comfortable as living in a permanent house, but modern tents can be very comfortable indeed, withwindows,bedrooms, kitchens and sitting rooms. The most popular tent sold in Britain is the frame tent with 2 bedrooms and sleeping accommodation for 4 people. There is usually an outer tent of water-proofed fabric and a lighter inner tent or tents with a built-in ground sheet. The outer tent fits over the frame work. This is made of metal poles which are fitted together. The inner tent is attached to this frame. Generally, the inner tent is about half the area of the outer tent. The other half of the outer tent is the living area. This doesn't usually have a ground sheet but you can buy one to fit, though it

costs extra. The ordinary 4 bed frame tent doesn't usually have a separate kitchen area, but the larger ones often do. You can buy a kitchen extension for many tents, and it's worth buying one if you plan to stay camping in one place for more than a few days.

今天我要谈谈帐篷。野营仍然是最便宜的度假方式之一。每年，超过300万人参加野营的职业，无论是在英国还是国外，主要是欧洲大陆。显然，露营不像住在永久性的房子那样舒适，但现代的帐篷确实很舒适，有窗户、卧室、厨房和起居室。在英国最流行的帐篷是有2间卧室和4人的卧铺的框架帐篷。通常有一个防水织物的外帐篷和一个较轻的内部帐篷或帐篷，里面有一个内置的接地片。外帐篷适合框架工作。这是由金属杆装配在一起的。内帐篷附在这个框架上。一般来说，内帐篷大约占外帐篷的一半。室外帐篷的另一半是起居区。这通常不会有一个接地表，但你可以买一个适合，虽然它的额外费用。普通的4床框架帐篷通常没有单独的厨房区域，但较大的厨房经常这样做。你可以买很多帐篷的厨房延伸，如果你打算在一个地方露营超过几天，那就值得买一个。

Andorra, one of the smallest countries in the world, is located high in the mountains between France and Spain. The country covers only 179 square miles. That is less than half the size of New York City. High, rocky mountains surround Andorra. Until the 1930s, travelers had difficulty in reaching the country. Up until that time, people in Andorra lived in the way they had lived for centuries. Most Andorrans worked as farmers. Things did not change quickly. When roads were built from France and Spain to Andorra in the 1930s, life picked up speed. Tourist began to visit the small country. These tourists brought in a lot of money to spend while visiting. Many people in Andorra found new jobs in shops or hotels. These changes helped to keep young people in Andorra. There were many more jobs than before the roads were built. Today tourists provided 80 to 90 percent of Andorra's income. More than a million people visit each year. They come to view the rough mountains. They enjoy the quiet way of life. Most people are also interested in the ancient buildings. There are many shops for tourists to browse in, clothes, watches, wines and other items are sold at low prices in Andorra. Import fees are low, so tourists enjoy the inexpensive shopping. Most of the businesses in Andorra are owned by its citizens. There are not many foreign businesses. Some Andorrans still farm and raise sheep and cattle. But most are now involved with the tourist trade.

安道尔，一个在世界上最小的国家，位于在法国和西班牙之间的山脉。这个国家只有179平方英里。这还不到纽约的一半大小。高高的山脉环绕安道尔。直到20世纪30年代，旅行者到达这个国家还很困难。直到那个时候，安道尔人生活在他们世代居住的方式。大多数安道尔人当过农民。事情没有很快改变。当道路修建从法国和西班牙在上世纪30年代的安道尔，生活的速度加快。游客开始参观这个小国。这些游客带了很多钱去旅游。在安道尔许多人在商店或酒店找到了新的工作。这些变化使安道尔的年轻人。修路前的工作岗位比以前多了。今天的游客提供80到90%的安道尔的收入。每年有一百万多人来访。他们来观看崎岖的群山。他们享受宁静的生活方式。大多数人也对古建筑感兴趣。有许多商店供游客浏览，衣服、手表、葡萄酒和其他物品的价格，以较低的价格在安道尔。进口费用低，所以游客喜欢便宜的购物。在安道尔，大部分的企业是由其公民拥有。外国企业不多。一些安道尔人仍然农场和养羊和牛。但现在大多数人都参与了旅游业。

To help ourselves and others, it's important to know something about drugs. A drug is a chemical substance. It can bring about a physical, emotional, or mental change in people. Alcohol and tobacco are drugs. Caffeine, a substance found in coffee and some soft drinks, is also a drug. Drug abuse is the use of a drug, legal or illegal, that hurts a person or someone close to him. A drug user is the person who takes the drug. There are many kinds of drug users. Experimental users

may try drugs once or twice. They want to see what the effects will be. Recreational users take drugs to get high. They use drugs with friends or at parties to get into the mood of things. Regular users take drugs all the time. But they are often able to keep up with the normal routine of work. Dependent users can't relate to anything but drugs. Their whole life centers around drugs. They feel extreme mental or physical pain without drugs. It's not always easy to tell thatsomeone is using drugs. In the early stages, drug use is often hard to see. Sometimes, people like drugs or need drugs so much; they can't do without them. They are dependent upon drugs. Only a few kinds of drugs can cause physical dependence. But almost any drug, when it's misused, can make a person think he needs it all the time. By this time, it's too late and the person is hooked.

为了帮助自己和他人，了解药物是很重要的。药物是一种化学物质。它会导致人的身体、情感或精神上的改变。烟酒是毒品。咖啡因是咖啡和一些软饮料中发现的一种物质，也是一种药物。药物滥用是指一种合法或非法的药物，它伤害一个人或某人。吸毒者是吸毒的人。吸毒者有很多种。实验用户可以尝试一次或两次药物。他们想看看效果如何。娱乐用户吸毒获取高。他们和朋友或聚会的人一起吸毒，以了解事情的情绪。老用户总是吸毒。但是他们经常能跟上正常的工作进度。依赖的用户除了毒品之外什么也不能联系。他们的整个生活都围绕着毒品。他们觉得没有药物的精神或肉体极度痛苦。要知道有人吸毒是不容易的。在早期阶段，药物的使用往往很难看到。有时，人们喜欢毒品或需要药物，他们不能没有他们。他们依赖毒品。只有几种药物能引起身体依赖。但几乎所有药物滥用时都会使人认为自己一直需要它。到这时，已经太迟了，这个人已经上钩了。

According to Charles Harper, Chairman of ConAgra, the Healthy Choice line of frozen dinners began with his own heart attack. It has been brought on by years of eating anything he could get his hands on. As he lay in the hospital recovering, Harper imagined the line of healthy frozen foods that tasted good. The Healthy Choice product line was carefully tested with consumers before being introduced to the general public. ConAgra's research and development staff spent a year working under the instruction "Whatever the cost, don't sacrifice taste." The first test market results surprised even the ConAgra team. The low-sodium, low-fat frozen dinners sold much better than expected. According to the firm's vice-president of marketing and sales, "We benefited from low expectations. The products were much better than people thought they would be." This finding supported ConAgra's decision to position the product against other high-quality frozen dinners rather than as a diet or health food. The new product's brand name and packaging were an important part of the development process. The name Healthy Choice was chosen for the positive implication it held for consumers. Because ConAgra felt the product would be an impulse purchase, it was important to make the item stand out in the freezer case. This was accomplished through the dark green packaging that not only differed from the competitors but also suggested freshness and richness in vitamins.

据查尔斯·哈珀，主席康尼格拉，冷冻晚餐选择健康线开始与自己的心脏病发作。这是他多年来吃的东西所能得到的。当他躺在医院里康复时，Harper想象着健康的冷冻食品的味道。健康选择产品线在向公众介绍之前经过消费者的仔细测试。该公司的研发人员花了一年的教学“不惜一切代价下工作，不牺牲口味。“第一市场测试的结果感到惊讶甚至公司团队。低钠低脂肪冷冻食品的销售比预期的好得多。据该公司的市场和销售副总裁说，“我们得益于低期望值。产品远比人们以为他们会”。这个发现支持康尼格拉公司决定位置对其他优质冷冻晚餐而不是产品是饮食或健康食品。新产品的品牌和包装是开发过程中的一个重要部分。

选择健康的名字是为了给消费者带来积极的影响。因为公司觉得产品将购买的冲动，这是让项目脱颖而出，在冷冻情况下重要的。这是通过深绿色包装，不仅不同于竞争对手，但也建议新鲜和丰富的维生素。

In the United States, 36 states currently allow capital punishment for serious crimes such as murder. Americans have always argued about the death penalty. Today, there is a serious question about this issue: Should there be a minimum age limit for executing criminals? In other words, is it right for convicted murderers who kill when they are minors — that is, under the age of 18 — to receive the death penalty? In most other countries of the world, there is no capital punishment for minors. In the United States, though, each state makes its own decision. Of the 36 states that allow the death penalty, 30 permit the execution of minors. In the state of South Carolina, a convicted murderer was given the death penalty for a crime he committed while he was a minor. In 1977, when he was 17 years old, James Terry Roach and two friends cruelly murdered three people. Roach's lawyer fought the decision to execute him. The young murderer remained on Death Row for ten years while his lawyer appealed to the governor. The lawyer argued that it is wrong to execute a person for a crime he committed while he was a minor. In the United States, the governor of a state has the power to change a sentence from the death penalty to life in prison. Nonetheless, the governor of South Carolina refused to stop the execution. Roach was finally executed in 1986.

在美国，目前有36个州允许对诸如谋杀等严重罪行实行死刑。美国人一直在争论死刑

问题。今天，这个问题有一个严重的问题：罪犯是否应该有最低年龄限制？换言之，对

于未成年的18岁以下的被判死刑的杀人犯，接受死刑是正确的吗？在世界上大多数其

他国家，未成年人都没有死刑。然而，在美国，每个州都有自己的决定。在允许死刑的

36个州中，有30个允许未成年人执行死刑。在南卡罗来纳州，一个被判有罪的杀人犯

因他小时候犯下的罪行而被判处死刑。1977，当他17岁时，吉姆斯罗奇和他的两个朋

友残忍地杀害了三个人。罗奇的律师反对处决他的决定。这个年轻的杀人犯在死囚牢房

里呆了十年，他的律师向州长上诉。律师辩称，处决一个人是因为他小时候犯下的罪行。

在美国，一个州的州长有权将死刑改为终身监禁。尽管如此，南卡罗来纳州州长拒绝停

止处决。罗奇终于在1986被处决了。

现代大学英语听力2 原文及答案

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