初中英语语法专项复习——英语动词时态和语态讲解和练习题

初中英语语法专项复习：英语各个时态和语态讲解及练习题

初中英语有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。下面分别介绍。

1、一般现在时的用法

（1）一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。句中常用

always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,rarely,never,

every day(morning,Monday,week,...etc.)

,every there years,

once a week(day,month,...etc.),...等时间状语。例如：

a. He goes to school every day.

b. He is very happy.

c.The earth moves around the sun.

2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。例如：

a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.

b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.

2.一般过去时的用法

（1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。常和:

last week(night,Monday,month,year,...etc.)

four years ago(days,month,...etc.)

before1980(three,liberation,从句,...etc.)

the day before yesterday,the day before last,

the year before last,just now,a monent ago,

yesterday,yesterday morning,this morning,

at first,at last,in the end,finally,then,..

a. He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.

b. He worked in a factory in 1986.

2)表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用“used to “ 和“would + 动词原形”。I used to smoke. During the vacation

I wouldm in the sea.

注：”used to “ 表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。

a. I am used to the climate here.

b. He is used tomming in winter.

3.一般将来时的用法

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态。其表达形式除了“ will 或shall + 动词原形”表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。常和：next week(Monday,month,year,...etc.)

in three days(an hour,...etc.)

tomorrow,tomorrow morning,the day after tomorrow,the day after next,the year after next,tonight,in

2010(2016...etc.)

this evening,this Saturday,after Wednesday,soon,sometime next week,one day in futuer,sooner or later,... 1）be going to do 结构

It is going to rain.

We are going to have a meeting today.

2) “be about to + 动词原形” 表示即将发生的动作，意为be ready to do sth. 后面一般不跟时间状语。We are about to leave.

3) go , come , start, move, leave, arrive ,stay 等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。I’m leaving for Beijing.

4.现在进行时的用法

1）现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由“ be + 现在分词” 构成。常和：now,these

days(weeks,months,...etc.)

this month(week,...etc.)

Look!,Listen!,...

另外，“系动词+ 介词或副词” 也表示进行时的意义。What are you doing? The bridge is under construction. 2）表示感觉、愿望和状态的某些动词（如have, be , here, se, like 等）一般不用进行。

5.过去进行时的用法

1）过去进行时过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由“ was (were) + 现在分词”构成。

常和：this time yesterday,this time last Friday,in those days,at nine last night,from one to three yesterday afternoon,...

In 1980 he was studying in a university.

He was reading a novel when I came in.

6.现在完成时的用法现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词.其使用有两种情况：

1）现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。

常和：

just,alreadly,yet,never,ever,now,before,this week,today,these days,once,twice,three times,...

He has gone to Fuzhou.

He has been to Fuzhou.

2) 现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去常用for 和since表示一段时间的状语或since then(1949,last Monday,two o'clock,从句...,etc.)，ever since then,

for three days(a long time,two hours,...etc.)so far , now, today, this wek (month, year ) 等表示包括现在内的状语。He has studied English for 5 years.

He has studied English since 1985.

Now I have finished the work..

注意：表示短暂时间动作的词（如come, go , die, marry, buy 等）的完成时不能与for, since 等表示一般时间的词连用。

正确：I have bought the book already.

错误：I have bought the book for two years.

改：I have had the bookl for two years.

7．过去完成时的用法

1）过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。句中常用by then(1977,yesterday,eight last night,the time we got there,...etc.)

by the end of last term(week,year,month,...etc.).by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.

I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.

8．过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去的某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时由“should 或would + 动词原形” 构成。第一人称用should, 其他人称用would. 。常和：

They were sure that they would succeed.

（二）动词语态

1．当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。句子的主语是动作承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动作语态。被动语态由助动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be 表现出来。

1）一般现在时：You are required to do this.

2）一般过去时：The story was told by her.

3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.

4）现在进行时：The road is being widened.

5）过去进行时：The new tool was being made.

6）现在完成时：The novel has been read.

7）过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished.

8）过去将来时：He said that the trees would be planted soon.

2. 一些特殊的被动结构

1）带情态动词的被动结构：The problem must be solved soon.

2）带不定式的被动结构：The room is going to be painted.

The homework needs to be done with care.

3) 短语动词的被动：

a.（不及物）动词+介词：若这类短语动词是及物性的，则可用于被动语态中，如：laugh at, look after, talk about, think of 等。若这类短语动词是不及物性的则不可用于被动语态中，如：book up, look down. 等

b.（及物）动词+副词：bring about, carry out, find out, make out, put away, put off, take up, turn down, turn out, wipe out等

c. 动词+副词+介词：do away with, face up to, give into ,look down upon, make up with等

d. 动词+名词+介词：catch sight of, keep on eye on, make a fool of , pay attention to , put an end to , set fire/light to , take notice of 等

4) 带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语保留在谓语后面。We always keep the classroom clean.

(比较：The classroom is always kept clean.)

5)主动形式表示被动意义的词。常见的有：

a.主动形式，这时动名词同句中的主语有动宾关系。

The children need looking after.

The windows wants /requires repairing.

This point deserves mentioning.

练习题

1. It is a fine day. The sun __________(shine) brightly.

2. They ___________(visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.

3. Mr Brown________(live) in Beijing since he came to China.

4. Mr Wang ________(teach) us English two years ago.

5. The Smiths _______________( watch) TV at this time last night.

6. We __________(learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.

7. Father said that he ____________(buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.

8. Bill isn?ˉt here. He ___________(chat) with his friends in the classroom.

9. The teacher said that the moon __________(go) round the earth.

10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it ____________(not rain) this Sunday.

11. Listen! They __________(talk) about the new film.

12. Jim asked us what ___________(happen) in China in 1976.

13. My mobile phone ___________(steal) on a bus last week.

14. The host ____________(interview) the little boy just now.

15. The Greens __________(watch) TV now.

16. He said that he _____________(ring) me up when he got there.

17. We ____________(learn) English for about three years.

18. My brother_____________(join) the League in 1997.

19. The farmers __________(pick) apples when I saw them.

20. The red skirt __________(cost) the girl forty yuan.

21. The film ____________(begin) when I got to the cinema.

22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _____(grow) up.

23. My sister is a student and she _____________(study) at a middle school nearby.

24. Mr Green __________(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.

25. You _________(catch) the early bus if you get up early.

26. _______you been________(wear) glasses all the time?

27. I’ll go home as soon as I _______(finish) my homework.

29. Most science books are ______(write) in English.

30. I ____________(stay) there for two months last year.

31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she _______.

A. will arrive

B. gets there

C. has gone

D. reach here

32. ----Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? ----I ______ well last night.

A. didn’t sleep

B. don’t sleep

C. haven’t slept

D. won’t sleep

33. ----Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking?

----Sorry, I ____ that.

A. didn’t see

B. don’t see

C. won’t see

D. can’t see

34. ----Well, I found this. I think it must be yours. ----My watch! Thank you. Where _____it?

A. do you find

B. had you found

C. were you finding

D. did you find

35. ----Don you know when Dr White ____ for dinner this evening?

----No, but I think he ____ when he is free.

A. will come; comes

B. will come; will come

C. comes; comes

D. comes; will come

36. Look at those black clouds. It _____ r ain. Let’s hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to

37. ----Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. ----Really? Where ____ he ____?

A. has; gone

B. will; go

C. did; go

D. does; go

38. ----Shall we go shopping now? ---Sorry, I can't. I ____ my shirts.

A. wash

B. washes

C. washed

D. am washing

39. ----I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.

----Oh, I am sorry. I ___ dinner at my friend's home.

A. have

B. had

C. was having

D. have had

40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ____ thousands of visitors since 1995.

A. attracted

B. attracts

C. has attracted

D. will attract

46. ----Why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday? -----Because I ____ the film before.

A. had seen

B. have seen

C. have watched

D. has watched

47. I don't think John saw me. He ____ a book at that moment.

A. just read

B. has just read

C. was just reading

D. had just read

48. Mr Smith ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.

A. has written

B. wrote

C. had written

D. was writing

49. Mr White ____ the newspaper while his daughter ____TV.

A. has read; was watching

B. was reading; watched

C. was reading; was watching

D. reading; watched

50. ---- I ____ you at the meeting. Why? ----I was ill. A. saw B. have seen C. not see D. didn't see

51. The 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. will hold C. will be held D. held

52. Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began

53. ----May I speak to Mr Smith? ----Sorry, he ____ Australia. But he ____ in two days.

A. has been to; will come back

B. has gone to; will be back

C. has been in; would come back

D. is leaving for; doesn't come back

54. I can't go to the theater tonight because I ____ my ticket.

A. have lost

B. had lost

C. will lose

D. was losing

55. ----What a nice bike! How long ____ you ____ it? ----Just two weeks.

A. have; bought

B. did; buy

C. have; had

D. are; having

56. ----I'm sorry to have kept you waiting. ----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only for a few minutes.

A. have come

B. had been

C. was

D. have been

57. ----____ my dictionary anywhere? ---- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.

A. Did you see

B. If you see

C. Had you seen

D. Would you see

58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he ____ office soon.

A. leaves

B. would leave

C. will leave

D. had left

答案：

I. 1. shines/ is shining 2. are going to/ will visit 3. has lived 4. taught

5. were watching

6. had learned

7. would buy

8. is chatting

9. goes 10.

doesn't rain 11. are talking 12. happened 13. was stolen 14. interviewed

15. are watching

16. would ring 17. have learned 18. joined 19. were picking 20. cost

21. had begun 22. grew 23. studies 24. has traveled 25. will catch

26. Have; wearing 27. finish 28. haven't heard 29. written 30. stayed

II. 31--35 BAADB 36--40 DBDCC 41--45 ACBAC 46--50 ACDCD

51--55 CABAC 56--60 DABDA 61--65 BDBAB 66-70 BDABC 71--75 BCADD

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