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Grammar

Grammar
Grammar

GRAMMAR

直接引语和间接引语(一)

[观察] 仔细观察A、B、C三组句子,注意总结它们的变化规则。

A. 1. He said, “I lost the bag.”

2. He said that he had lost the bag.

B. 1. “Do you want to take part in the sports meeting?” asked the teacher.

2. The teacher asked me if / whether I wanted to take part in the sports meeting.

C. 1. “When will you go fishing?” Jane asked her father.

2. Jane asked her father when he would go fishing.

[小结] 上面三组句子中的第一句是直接引语,第二句是间接引语,它们可以相互转化,转化后的间接引语常常是宾语从句,引导词有如下特征:

同时,时态也要进行相应的变化,一般规律如下:

[温馨提示]

1. 直接引语变为间接引语时,一些词或词组也要变。如:指示代词:this →that, these →those; 动词:come →go; 时间:now →then, tomorrow →the next day; last week →the week before; 地点:here →there; 人称:I →he / she ... 等。如:

Tom said, “I will come here with my father tomorrow.”→

Tom said he would go there with his father the next day.

2. 当直接引语强调的是客观事实或真理,变为间接引语时,从句中的时态不变。如:

Mr. Wang said, “The earth travels around the sun.”→

Mr. Wang said that the earth travels around the sun.

3. 当直接引语中有表示过去的具体的时间状语时,变为间接引语时,从句中的谓语时态可以不变。如:

She said, “I was born in 1995.”→

She said (that) she was born in 1995.

[练习] 完成句子,将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。

1. Linda said, “I’m meeting David for dinner.”→

Linda said (that) she _________ David for dinner.

2. Bill said, “I forgot to pay my electric bill.”→

Bill said (that) he _________ to pay his electric bill.

3. I asked Jack, “Do you know the caller’s name?”→

I asked Jack _________.

4. The teacher asked him, “Why were you late yesterday?”→

The teacher asked him _________.

GRAMMAR:

1. was meeting

2. had forgotten

3. if / whether he knew the caller’s name

4. why he was late the day before

Grammar_1_名词

第1章名词 1.1 名词概述 名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等的名称。英语名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两 大类。普通名词包括: ●抽象名词(abstract nouns):beauty, fear, courage, charity, joy, etc. ●物质名词(material nouns):air, soap, beef, etc. ●集合名词(collective nouns):family, group, team, swarm, crowd, flock, etc. ●个体名词(individual nouns):table, man, dog, book, etc. 专有名词包括人名、地名等,Tom, Mrs Smith, China, etc. 1.2 名词的数 1.2.1 什么是名词的数 名词的数,指名词的单、复数形式。英语名词有的有单数和复数之分,有的则没有。下 面介绍名词复数和复合名词复数的构成法。 1. 名词复数的构成法: ●一般在名词词尾加-s。dog-dogs, house-houses, gram-grams. ●以-o或-s,-sh, -ch及-x结尾的名词加-es构成其复数形式。tomato-tomatoes, kiss-kisses, watch-watches, box-boxes, bush-bushes. ●有些以-o结尾,是外来语或缩写名词, 则加-s。piano-pianos, dynamo-dynamos, photo-photos, kimono-kimonos. ●有些以-o结尾的名词,其-o前是元音字母则加-s。studio-studios, radio-radios.以-oo 结尾的名词只加-s。zoo-zoos。 ●以-y结尾的名词,且-y前是一个辅音字母,则把-y去掉,加-ies。baby-babies, university-universities, fly-flies, impurity-impurities.如果以-y结尾的名词,-y前是一 个元音字母,则直接加-s。boy-boys, donkey-donkeys. ●以-f或-fe结尾的名词,一般将-f,-fe去掉,加-ves。wife-wives, wolf-wolves, calf-calves.这类名词还有:life, knife, self, shelf, leaf, thief, sheaf, half等。名词scarf, wharf, hoof, handkerchief的复数形式或加-s或去掉-f加-ves,即scarfs或scarves, wharfs或wharves, hoofs或hooves, handkerchiefs或handkerchieves。也有些以 -f或-fe结尾的名词只加-s。cliff-cliffs, belief-beliefs, safe-safes, roof-roofs, chief-chiefs等。 ●有些名词以改变元音构成其复数形式。man-men, woman-women, goose-geese, foot-feet, mouse-mice, louse-lice, tooth-teeth等。child的复数为children, ox的复 数为oxen。 ●有些表示生物的名词,其复数形式与单数相同。fish-fish, sheep-sheep, deer-deer。 这类名词还有aircraft, means等。

2019-2020同步外研英语选修七新突破讲义:Module 4 Section Ⅲ Grammar——时间状语从句和省略

Section Ⅲ Grammar ——时间状语从 句和省略 ②“The moment I heard it ,”he said ,“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.” ③The first time that rap artists recorded their music ,musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the 1.句①~⑤中黑体部分在句中引导的是时间状语从句,句⑥~⑦为省略句。 2.句④⑤为no sooner...than.../hardly...when...句式,表示 一、时间状语从句 在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句常用when ,while ,as ,until ,since 或表示时间意义的名词短语等引导。 1.when ,while ,as 的用法

他父亲去世时他才九岁。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.杰克正在实验室里工作,这时突然停电了。 They arrived while we were having dinner. 他们到时我们正在吃晚饭。 While I played the piano,my sister did her homework.我弹钢琴的时候姐姐在做作业。 As years go by,China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。 I saw my mother as I was getting off the bus. 我下公共汽车的时候看见了我妈妈。 [名师点津] when在be about to do...when...,be doing...when...,had done...when...,be on one's way...when...,be on the point of doing...when...等结构中,作“正在那时”讲,表示某个动作正在发生或刚刚发生,另一动作同时发生。 He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要离开就有人敲门。 [即时演练1]选词填空:when,while,as ①It's much easier to make friends when you have similar interests. ②While/When in Vienna he studied music. ③You will grow wiser as you grow older.

2019年高中英语Unit5FirstaidSectionⅢGrammar_省略教案(含解析)新人教版

Section Ⅲ Grammar—省略 语法图解 探究发现 1.(You) Come in, please! 2.John is a lawyer, and his wife (is) a cleaner. 3. a.First degree burns turn white when (they are)pressed. b.If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible. 4. a.He is the man(who/whom/that) you can depend on. b.There is no doubt that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life. 5.The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother did not allow him to (play football in the street). 6. It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. [我的发现] (1)例句1为简单句中的省略。 (2)例句2为并列句中的省略。 (3)第1组例句为状语从句的省略。当状语从句的主语和主句的主语指的是同一人或物,且由人称代词的主格担当,或当状语从句的主语为it,而且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可以把从句的主语和be动词一起省略。 (4)第2组例句为关系代词的省略。当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。 (5)例句5为不定式的省略。有时可用不定式符号“to”来替代上文中出现的不定式。 (6)例句6体现的是当及物动词之后跟由连接词that引导的宾语从句时,that可以省略。 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分,这种

Grammar1

Music Born in America语法学案 命制:魏淑慧审核:牟慧芳班组:姓名:组评:师评: 学习目标: ☆知识目标:巩固时间状语从句并归纳各种时间的表达法; ☆能力目标:认识省略现象. ☆情感目标:温故知新,学以致用。 (一)Adverbial clauses of time (时间状语从句) 一.常见引导词; when, while, as(当…时); as soon as, the moment, directly, immediately(一…就); until, till(直到); before(在..之前); after(在…之后); since, ever since(自…以来); once(一旦); whenever(任何时候); every time, each time(每次). 二.解析: ⑴when 的用法 ①When 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,既可以是从句动作与主句动 作同时发生,也可表示从句的动作先与主句动作发生。 When he reached home, it was getting dark. (主从句动作同时发生) I shall tell her the good news when she comes. (从句动作先于主句动作发生) ②当when 引导的从句谓语动词是延续性的,when 类似于while. When (while) he was crossing the road, he was knocked down by a passing car. ③when 还可以做并列连词,表一个动作即将或正在进行的时候,突然发生了另外一件事。其意义为“那时”“这 时”,相当于at this\ that time We were having a meeting when someone broke into. We were about to go out, when it suddenly began to rain. ④when 还可表原因“既然” It was foolish of you to take a bus when you could easily walk there in five minutes. ⑵while的用法 ①while 引导的从句谓语动词为延续性的,表示“与……同时”“在……其间”从句常用进行时态,强调某一时间内主句和从句的动作同时发生。 Someone knocked at the door, when (while) I was watching TV. Strike while the iron is hot. ②while 有时可以表示前后两种情况进行对比,作为并列连词“而,却” He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music. ③While 放在句首引导从句,译为“尽管” While I think you idea is good, I don’t quite agree with everything. ⑶as的用法 as 表示“当……时候”或“一边……一边”,as 的从句中可使用延续性动词,也可使用非延续性动词。 He sang as he was working. As time goes by, we have a better understanding of things around us. As I get older, I get more optimistic. (4) till, until 引导的时间状语从句 ①till 引导的时间状语从句主句的动词常是延续性的。而not…until 引导的时间状语从句主句的动词常是短暂性的 We will stay here till\until it stops raining. John did not announce the news till he was sure of it. ②Not until 置于句首时,主句的主语和谓语要倒装,表示加强语气。 Not until Mary had heard that sound was she really frightened. (5) as soon as, immediately, directly, once, the instantly, instant ly, no sooner……. than, hardly \scarcely……when 引导的时间状语从句,表示“一……就……” I came immediately I got your message. Once you lose confidence, you won’t be able to do the work well. Jack had hardly\scarcely seen me when he left the classroom. ※当no sooner, hardly, scarcely 置于句首时,主句要部分倒装. Hardly\scarcely had we gathered in the wheat when it began to rain. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. (6) before 和since ①若表达“还未……就…; 不到……就,……才……,趁,还没来得急”时,需用连词before. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land . 我们航行了四天四夜才看到了陆地。 We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired. 我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在还没忘,请把记下来。 Before I could get in a word he had measured me . 我还没来得及插话,他就给我量了尺寸。 ②before 在从句中谓语动词不用否定式。 Before they reached the station, the train had gone. 他们(还没)到火车站以前,火车就开走了。 ③.It will be + 一段时间+ before… 多久之后才。 It will be half a year before I come back. ④在“It is + 一段时间+ since 从句”句型中,时间的计算一律从动作完成或状态结束时开始。从句动词是短暂性动词按原意思翻译,延续性动词按相反的意思翻译。 It is three years since the war broke out. 战争爆发以来三年了。 It is three years since he lived here. 他离开这里三年了。 (二)Ellipses (省略) 1. 简单句中的省略 1)省略主语

必修5 Unit 5 First Aid-Grammar ellipsis省略

年级高二学科英语版本人教新课标版 课程标题必修5 Unit 5 First Aid-Grammar ellipsis省略 编稿老师冯振宇 一校黄楠二校李秀卿审核刘晓军 一、学习目标: 1. 学习省略句,掌握其特点 2. 学会使用省略句使自己的语言表达更生动,且能够解答与这一语法相关的习题。 二、重点、难点: 掌握倒装句的标志词 三、考情分析: 1. 倒装句是每年高考考查的重点内容,是单项选择题的考查项目之一,分值为1分。 2. 与倒装有关的特殊句式也是高考考查的重点。 四、知能提升: (一)知识讲解 【认知讲解】 ●教材原句呈现 If possible, discuss what kind of first aid you should give in these situations. Turn white when pressed. Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. ●对比分析 第一个句子,if后面省略了it is,第二个句子中的when后面省略了they are,而they指的是前面的burns。第三个句子if后省略了it is。 【重、难点】 为了避免重复,或为了使句子更简练,在一些句子中常省去某些成分,这在英语中叫作省略。 省略可出现在简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句中,省略部分可以是主语、谓语、表语、状语、定语等。 1. 并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。 This cell phone works well,but that one doesn?t(work well). 这个手机工作正常,但那个就不行。 There are many people in the room, some of them are reading, some chatting and others just sitting there doing nothing. 房间里有许多人,有的在读书,有的在闲聊,还有的坐在那里无所事事。 【考题链接】 One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ________.

grammar-I’d+like用法

I'd like /love to的用法 1. 用来愉快地答应对方的请求、提议或邀请,意为:我很想(愿意)。如: A:How about playing tennis? 打打网球怎么样? B:Yes. I’d like to. 好,我很愿意。 A:Will you come for a walk with me?你和我一起去散步好吗? B:Yes, I’d love to. 好,我很愿意。 A:Would you mind taking part? 请你参加你介意吗? B:No, I’d love to. 不介意,我很愿意。 注:I’d like to 单独使用时,其后的to不能省略,另外,若要加强语气,可用much 或very much 来修饰,说成I’d (very) much like to。 2. 用来委婉地提出自己的想法、希望或愿望(其后接名词或不定式,但一般不接动名词),意为:我想. . . 我要. . . 如: I’d like the red one. 我想要那个红色的。 I’d like (to have) a word with you. 我想同你说句话。 I’d like you to meet a friend of mine. 我想让你见见我的一个朋友。 3. 用作反语,表示气愤或威胁(其后常接动词see, know 等),意为:我倒想(看看或知道等)。如: I’d like to see you do it. 我倒希望你做给我看看。 I’d like to know what she means by that. 我倒想知道她那样说是什么意思。 4. 表示希望想做某事,但未能做成(其后接不定式的完成式),意为:我真想. . . ,我本想. . . . 如: I’d love to have seen his face when he opened the letter. 我真想看到他拆信时的脸色。 I’d like to have taken you round the factory, but I must go to a meeting. 我本想带你在厂里看看,但我要去开一个会。 注:"I’d like [love] to + 不定式完成式",有时也可换成"I’d have liked [loved] + 不定式的般式或完成时"。如: What a pity! I’d have loved to come. 太遗憾了! 我多么愿意能来啊! I’d have liked to have seen it. 我要是看到了就好了。

牛津译林必修三 Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar 省略句

省略句 一. (1)No, I didn’t. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about the environmental protection on TV yesterday). (2)You can watch it online if you want to. You can watch it online if you want to( ). (3)I felt uncomfortable when watching the documentary. I felt uncomfortable when watching the documentary(). (4)Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others a change of lifestyle().(5)Got any ideas? Got any ideas( )? (6)Sounds great. ( )Sounds great. Working out the rule: we use ellipsis(省略)to avoid repeating words or phrases whose meanings are clear. 二. We can use ellipsis: (1)in short response (2)In infinitive phrases (3)Some conjunctions like if, when and while (4)In clauses with the same pattern and the same verb (5)At the beginning of a sentence in informal speech.

2019-2020学年高中新课标人教英语必修第三册教师用书:Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Grammar——省略

Section Ⅲ Grammar——省略 省略 一、省略的定义 省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法手段。 凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子都是省略句。 一般说来,只要不损害语法结构或者引起歧义,能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑,而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。 [观察例句] 1.A:Oh,I just love nachos mexican cornchips covered with cheese. B:Me,too. 2.A:So it's the food of many different cultures,all in one dish? B:Exactly. 3.A real mix of cultures here! 4.Can't wait! [归纳用法] 1.简单句中的省略 (1)主语的省略 祈使句可省去主语。 ①Hand me the hammer,will you? 把锤子递给我好吗? 除祈使句外,还有其他省去主语的情况。 阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的主语是什么。 ②Don't know.不知道。 省略了:I

③Looks like rain.像是要下雨了。 省略了:It (2)谓语或谓语的一部分的省略。 阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的谓语是什么。 ④Anything you want to tell me? 有什么事要告诉我吗? 省略了:Is there ⑤The students still waiting?学生们还在等吗? 省略了:Are (3)主语和谓语,或主语和谓语的一部分的省略。 阅读下列句子,指出句子省略了什么。 ⑥(2016·浙江卷)—The movie starts at 8:30,and we can have a quick bite before we go.——电影8:30开始,我们可以快速地吃点东西就走。 —Sounds great.See you at 8:10. ——听起来很好。8:10见。 省略了:It ⑦Going to town?进城去吗? 省略了:Are you (4)宾语的省略。 阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的宾语是什么。 ⑧—Where should we go?——我们去哪里? —I don't care.Anywhere you want. ——我无所谓,你想去哪儿就去哪儿。 省略了:where we go (5)表语的省略。 阅读下列句子,指出句子省略的表语是什么。 ⑨—Are these your friends?——这些人是你的朋友吗? —Yes,they are.——是的,他们是我的朋友。 省略了:my friends

语法术语GrammarTerms

语法术语Grammar Terms 语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology 结构structure 层次rank 句子sentence 从句clause 词组phrase 词类part of speech 单词word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun 专有名词proper noun 普通名词common noun 可数名词countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun 物质名词material noun 集体名词collective noun 个体名词individual noun 介词preposition 连词conjunction 动词verb 主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb 不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb 助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb 规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb 非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb 感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb 静态动词state verb 感叹词exclamation 形容词adjective 副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner 程度副词adverb of degree 时间副词adverb of time 地点副词adverb of place 修饰性副词adjunct 连接性副词conjunct 疑问副词interogative adverb 关系副词relative adverb 代词pronoun 人称代词personal pronoun 物主代词possesive pronoun 反身代词reflexive pronoun 相互代词reciprocal pronoun 指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun 不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词article 定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral 序数词ordinal numeral 分数词fractional numeral

Grammar1_Sentences句子

语法专题精讲1-句子种类 I. 要点 句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: ——简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) —句子类型: SV (V为不及物动词) I waited. SVO We enjoyed the film. SVA I waited eagerly. I waited at school SVOA We enjoyed the film very much. We enjoyed the film last night. *SVO的补充类型 SVP (V为联系动词,P:predicative表语) I am happy. You look tired. SVO i O d (O i :indirect object间接宾语O d:direct object直接宾语) She sent me a message. —>可改为(to 型)V+O d +to +O i She sent a message to me. —>可改为(for 型)V+O d +for +O i She bought a book for me. —>既可改为(to 型)也可改为(for 型)V+O d +to/for +O i She sang a song to/for me. SVOC (OC:object complement 宾补) —形容词做宾补,表明宾语的性质、状态:She painted the door red. —名词(短语)做宾补,说明宾语的身份、性质等:We call the baby Sarah. —不定式做宾补: -带to的不定式:We have invited all our friends to come. -不带to的不定式:She noticed a car crash into a big tree. —动词-ing做宾补:说明宾语正在进行的行为:I saw him waiting at the school gate. —动词-ed做宾补,补充说明宾语被施加的行为:I will have all the material gathered this afternoon. —“as/for+名词/代词”做宾补,常用于一些特定的结构中。We all think of this poem as a description of the natural beauty. You can keep whatever you like here for yourself. ***识记高频考点:1. to 型双宾语动词2. for 型双宾语动词 3.to 型/for型双宾语动词 4.不带to的不定式变为被动语态时,加to ——并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上简单句的句子,句与句之间通常用并列连词and ,but,or 或分号来连接,例如:

语法术语grammar

语法 grammar 句法 syntax 词法 morphology 结构 structure 从句 clause 词类 part of speech 实词 notional word 虚词 structural word 派生词derivative 复合词compound 词性part of speech 名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词 uncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun 具体名词 concret noun 物质名词 material noun 集体名词 collective noun 个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition 连词 conjunction 及物动词 transitive verb 不及物动词 intransitive verb 系动词 link verb 助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb 规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb 短语动词 phrasal verb 使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses 动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb 感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective 副词 adverb 方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree 时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place 疑问副词 interogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb 代词 pronoun 人称代词 personal pronoun 物主代词 possesive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun 相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun 不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possecive pronoun 名词性物主代词 nominal possesive prnoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possesive pronoun 冠词 article 定冠词 definite article 不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral 基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral 分数词 fractional numeral 单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 从句 clause 从属句 subordinate clause 并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause 定语从句 attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause 结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result 目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpose 条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex sentence 并列复合句 compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question 附加疑问句 tag question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence 基本句型 basic sentence patern 否定句 negative sentence 祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence

GRAMMAR 字体缩小版

句子的基本结构: 主谓 The sun rises. 主谓宾 The sun loves the moon. 主谓宾宾 The sun tells the moon a story. 主系表 The sun is strong. 主谓宾补 The moon considers the sun vulgar. (补语的形式)(见补语的形式文档) 表达意义更加精确 基本结构+附属成分2. 时态/语态/情态 (1)基本结构+附属成分 定语:状语: The faded flowers covered the ground. 凋零的花铺满大地。 I saw him in the part. (2)时态/语态/情态

常用时态:不同谓语形式体现时态上的差别 一般现在: (1)主语+动词 He often goes shopping. 否定: 主语+do/does +not+动词 He does not go shopping. (2)主语+be She is gorgeous. 否定:主语+be+not She is not gorgeous. 一般将来 I will go to Shanghai for business tomorrow. 否定: 主语+will+not+动词 I will not go to Shanghai for business tomorrow. 一般过去: He failed in the exam. I was ill yesterday. 否定形式: 主+did not+动词 He did not fall in the exam. 主+was/were not +动词 I was not ill yesterday.

语法项目表Grammar Items

语法项目表Grammar Items 1.词类 名词形容词副词动词代词冠词数词介词连词感叹词 2.名词 (1)可数名词和不可数名词 (2)名词的复数形式 (3)专有名词 (4)所有格 3.代词 (1)人称代词 (2)物主代词 (3)反身代词 (4)指示代词 (5)不定代词 (6)疑问代词 4.数词基数词和序数词 5.介词掌握词汇表中所列介词的用法 6.连词掌握词汇表中所列连词的用法 7.形容词 1)作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法 2)比较等级原级、比较级、最高级 (1)构成-er;-est;more;the most (2)基本句型 比较级形式+than... (the+)最高级形式+in/of... as+原级形式+as... not as(so)+原级形式+as... 8.副词 1)时间、地点、方式、程度、疑问、连接、关系等副词 的用法 2)比较等级原级、比较级、最高级 (1)构成-er;-est;more;the most (2)基本句型 比较级形式+than... (the+)最高级形式+in/of... as+原级形式+as... not as(so)+原级形式+as... 9.冠词的一般用法10.动词 1)动词的基本形式 (1)现在时(原形,-s/-es形式) (2)过去时(-ed形式) (3)过去分词(-ed形式) (4)-ing形式 2)行为动词的及物性与不及物性

3)连系动词be,get,look,seem,turn,grow,become,etc. 4)助动词be,do,have,shall,will,etc. 5)情态动词can,may,must,ought,need,dare,etc. 6)动词的时态 (1)一般现在时 We usually go to school at half past seven. Are you tired? The earth goes around the sun. There goes the train! (2)一般过去时 I got to school at a quarter past seven this morning. When I lived there, I went to the cinema twice a month. (3)一般将来时 A.shall(will)+动词原形 We’ll meet you at the airport. He’ll come here every other day. B.用be going to+动词原形表示 We are going to listen to a talk tomorrow afternoon. There’s going to be a meeting this evening. (4)现在进行时 They’re listening to music. What are you doing these days? (5)过去进行时 I was watching television at half past eight yesterday evening. We were having a basketball match when you came to see me. (6)现在完成时 We’ve learned about 1,200 English words. I’ve been here in Beijing for half a month now. He has travelled to several places in South China since he came to China. (7)过去完成时 By ten o’clock we had already done half of the work. The meeting had already begun when they arrived. I told him that we had known each other for many years. (8)过去将来时 He said they would return before the end of this month. She said there was going to be an English talk next Sunday. 7)动词的被动语态 (1)一般现在时的被动语态 The Great Wall of China is known all over the world. (2)一般过去时的被动语态 This city was liberated in 1948. (3)一般将来时的被动语态 The matter will be discussed at the next meeting. (4)现在进行时的被动语态

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