2020高考英语刷题冲刺双一流系列：(题型突破)专题一动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 讲义

专题一动词的时态、语态和主谓一致

考点1 一般时

一般现在时(do/does式) ★★★

典例1[2019安徽安庆二模改编,61]New year in Chinese people’s eyes means a family reunion. Every year (see) the largest annual mass migration on the planet when one sixth of the world’s population travel home to celebrate with their families.

句意:在中国人眼中,新年意味着家人团聚,每年世界上六分之一的人回家与家人一起庆祝,这是地球上最大规模的年度人口迁移。根据Every year 可知,此处应用一般现在时;再结合句意可知,主语是Every year,此处是拟人化的用法,see 在此处表示"遭受,历经",故用其第三人称单数形式。

sees

典例2[2019河北邢台高三检测,61]An hour of swimming (burn) almost as many calories as an hour of running.

句意:游泳一小时消耗的卡路里与跑步一小时消耗的几乎一样多。此处叙述的是客观事实,因此用一般现在时。

burns

一般过去时(did式) ★★★

典例3[2020河北石家庄摸底考试,61]Translated fiction sales in the United Kingdom (rise) by 5.5 percent last year, with a growing demand for Chinese titles, said Nielsen Book on Wednesday.

句意:Nielsen Book周三表示,去年英国的翻译小说销量增长了5.5%,对中文图书的需求不断增长。根据空后的"last year"可知,此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填rose。

rose

考点2 进行时

现在进行时(am/is/are+现在分词doing) ★★☆

典例4—Are you still very busy?

—Yes, I (write) a report for the manager but it won’t take long.

答句表示"是的,我正在给经理写报告,但不会花很长时间",根据问句中的still及答句中的won’t可知,"写"这个动作在说话时正在进行,因此应用现在进行时。

am writing

过去进行时(was/were+现在分词doing) ★★☆

典例5[2018北京,4]Susan had quit her well-paid job and (work)as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.

句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我拜访她时,她正在社区做义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去的某个动作发生时,另一个动作正在进行,所以用过去进行时。

was working

考点3 完成时

现在完成时(have/has+过去分词done) ★★☆

典例6Alibaba’s Freshippo, where customers can shop via Alipay (支付宝)on their smart phones, (come) under the spotlight these days.

句意:这些日子,阿里巴巴的Freshippo成了焦点。顾客能够通过智能手机的支付宝在这里购物。根据句意和时间状语these days可知,此处用现在完成时has come。

has come

过去完成时(had+过去分词done) ★★☆

典例7[2019北京中央民族大学附属中学高三检测,4]The news came as no surprise to me. I (know)for some time that the factory was going to shut down.

句意:这个消息对我来说一点都不意外。我知道这家工厂要关闭(这个消息)已经有一段时间了。根据句意可知,题干中的第一句话用的是一般过去时,那么在此之前的动作就应该使用过去完成时。

had known

典例8[2019江苏七校联考,26]In Beijing, more than 21,100 people (apply) to donate their bodies by the end of 2017, since the city started to promote a body donation campaign in 1999.

句意:自北京1999年开始推行遗体捐献运动以来,到2017年底,北京有超过21 100人已经申请捐献遗体。根据时间状语"by the end of 2017"可知,"申请"这一动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到2017年底(指过去的过去),故应用过去完成时。

had applied

典例9[2019天津改编,2]I (hope) to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.

句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,此处表示"本想送礼物而实际上没有送",故应用过去完成时。

had hoped

考点4 完成进行时

典例10[2016北京,23]—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?

—The new Star Wars.We (wait)here for more than two hours.

句意:——劳驾,你们在等哪一部电影?——新版的《星球大战》。我们在这里等了两个多小时了。根据时间状语可以判断,语境表示从过去某时开始到现在一直在做某事,并且可能还会继续下去,故用现在完成进行时。

have been waiting

考点5 将来时

一般将来时★★☆

典例11[2019河北衡水中学高三一调,52]Meanwhile, as the construction goes on, more roads (build) and the metro system will be expanded, which can reduce traffic jams.

句意:同时,随着施工的进行,更多的道路将会被修建,地铁系统将会扩大,这可以减少交通堵塞。根据句意可判断,此处叙述的是将来的情况,要用一般将来时,而且提示动词与主语more roads是被动关系,因此用一般将来时的被动语态。

will be built

过去将来时(should/would do式) ★★☆

典例12[2019 黑龙江哈师大附中高三模拟,68]For a moment I held my breath, not sure how my son (react).

句意:我屏住呼吸了片刻,拿不准儿子会作何反应。题干中的"help my breath"使用了一般过去时,本空所在的从句表示将来的动作,因此这里应用过去将来时。

would react

考点6 被动语态

典例13[2019山东济宁第一中学高三第一次调研,46]South Korea and Japan long ago adopted Confucianism, something that continues today even if it (challenge) by pop culture.

句意:韩国和日本很久之前就采用了儒家思想,即使受到了流行文化的挑战,该思想也一直持续至今。本句中it指代前面的Confucianism,与动词challenge是被动关系,再根据空前的"continues today"可知,此处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

is challenged

考点7 主谓一致

语法形态一致★★☆

典例14(用一般现在时)What they need most (be) money while what we need most (be) textbooks.

what引导的从句作主语时,若主句谓语部分是系表结构,主句谓语动词的数通常要与作表语的名词/代词的数保持一致,money为不可数名词,textbooks为可数名词复数,故第一空用is,第二空用are。

is; are

典例15(用一般现在时)A pair of glasses (be)on the table, but the glasses (be) mine.

glasses前有A pair of修饰,谓语动词用单数形式;glasses单独作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,又因句中有but,表示转折,故用否定形式。

is; aren’t

逻辑意义一致★★☆

典例16(用一般现在时)A survey of the opinions of experts shows that three hours of outdoor exercise a week (be) good for one’s health.

three hours of outdoor exercise a week表示整体概念,故从句谓语动词用单数形式。

is

典例17The family (trap)on the roof by the flood yesterday.

句意:昨天那家人被洪水困在了屋顶。分析句子结构可以看出,句子缺少谓语动词。该句主语是The family,在这里指的是一家人,即所有家庭成员,所以谓语动词用复数形式;主语与trap之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据时间状语yesterday可知应用一般过去时。

were trapped

就近一致★★☆

典例18(用一般现在时)There (be) a dog and three ducks in the yard, in the middle of which (be)two tall trees with great shade.

在there be句式中,be的形式取决于离其最近的名词(短语),由题干中的a dog可知,第一空用is;从句的主语two tall trees with great shade表示复数概念,故第二空用are,此处作表语的介词短语提前,构成了倒装。

is; are

考法1 考查没有明显的标志性词语的时态和语态

典例19[2017全国Ⅰ,67]Fast food (be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

句意:快餐里有大量的脂肪和盐;人们吃更多的快餐,在日常饮食中就会摄入比(实际)需要的更多的盐和脂肪。题干中并没有明显的时间标志词,但根据语境可知此处是对客观情况的描述,故应用一般现在时。

is

考法总结本题属于提示词为动词的语法填空题,首先分析句子结构,判断空处应填谓语动词,然后判断时态,在没有明显的时间标志词时,根据语境确定时态(一般现在时),然后考虑一下主谓一致,Fast food作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故填is。

典例20[2016北京,25]I (read) half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.

句意:这本英文小说我已经读了一半,周末我将努力把它读完。语境表示"已经读了一半",应该用现在完成时表示说话之前已经完成的动作,并且这个动作对现在的情况仍有影响。

have read

考法总结本题属于语境题,考查现在完成时,但是空处所在分句中没有明显的时间标志词,只能根据其表达的含义来判断所用时态。

考法2 考查具有明显的标志性词语的时态和语态

典例21[2019全国Ⅱ,66]I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make)over the years.

句意:我喜欢来这里看看我的家人和这些年来我交的所有朋友。根据定语从句中的时间状语"over the years"可知,从句的时态应为现在完成时。

have made

考法总结本句中含有明显的时间状语"over the years",所以此处应用现在完成时。

典例22[2019全国Ⅲ,65] Our hosts shared many of their experiences and (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.

句意:我们的主人分享了他们的很多经历,并推荐了一些吃饭、购物和游玩的好地方。分析句子结构可知,此处的and连接两个并列成分作谓语,因此根据句中的"shared"可知,此处应用一般过去时。

recommended

考法总结本句中的动词"shared"是明显的提示信息,故空处应用一般过去时。

难点1 几种易混时态的区别

1.一般过去时与现在完成时

典例23When I was at college I (speak) three foreign languages but I (forget) all except a few words of each so far.

由When引导的时间状语从句可知,第一空用一般过去时;第二空,根据"so far"可知,应用现在完成时,表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响,强调的是结果。

spoke;have forgotten

2.现在完成时与现在完成进行时

典例24[2016江苏,29]Dashan, who (learn) crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.

句意:大山数十年来一直在学习相声这种中国喜剧传统,他想把相声与西方的单口喜剧传统结合起来。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,本题应用现在完成进行时,表示从过去某时开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动作。

has been learning

本题容易误填has learnt/learned,错误原因是看到for decades就不假思索地用现在完成时,没有体会到"学习"这个动作一直在进行,并可能还会持续下去。

3.一般过去时与过去完成时

典例25John and I have been friends for eight years.We first (get) to know each other at a party.But we

(see) each other a couple of times before that.

句意:约翰和我已经是八年的朋友了。我们第一次相识是在一个聚会上。但是在那之前我们彼此已经见过几次了。第一空,上文说约翰和我已经是八年的朋友了,说明我们相识这个动作发生在过去,且由语境可知用一般过去时;见过几次面发生在相识这一动作之前,表示过去的过去,故第二空应用过去完成时。

got;had seen

难点2 时态呼应

典例26After driving for thirty miles, she suddenly realized that she (drive) in the wrong direction.

句意:开车开了30英里之后,她突然意识到走错方向了。"that she in the wrong direction"为宾语从句,主句用一般过去时,从句也应采用过去的某种时态。此处从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之前并且一直在进行,所以从句用过去完成进行时。

had been driving

典例27—Have you ever seen Peter recently?

—Yes. He (ask) me how you (get) along with your job these days.

句意:"最近你见过彼得吗?""见过。他问我你近来工作进展怎么样。"由句意和语境可知,第一空应用一般过去时表示过去某个时间所发生的动作;主句时态为一般过去时,按常规而言从句也应用过去的某种时态,但此处是特殊情况,由从句中的时间状语these days可知,从句表示的是现在依然存在的情况,所以第二空应用现在进行时。

asked; are getting

难点3 主动形式表示被动意义

典例28This kind of wool shirt (feel) soft and (sell) well.

句意:这种毛衫摸起来很软,很畅销。第一空,feels表示"摸起来……",后接soft作表语,feels虽为主动形式,但表示被动意义;sell与副词well连用时用主动形式表示被动意义,sell well意为"畅销"。

feels; sells

方法1 分析结构,确定动词考法

典例29[2017浙江6月改编,63]Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably (get) swept into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden...

分析句子结构可知,think后为省略了that的宾语从句,从句中的" swept"与"was spread over"并列作谓语,故此处应填get的过去式got。

got

方法2 先"时间"后"选体",确定时态

典例30When he realized he (walk)into a deep valley,he was too frightened to know what to do.

句意:当他意识到自己走进了深谷时,他非常害怕以至于不知道做什么。由语境可知,走进深谷的动作先于realized的动作发生,故用过去完成时。

had walked

方法3 分析句子主谓之间的关系,确定语态(考虑主谓一致)

典例31Later, Nelson (award) the Presidential Medal of Freedom in recognition of his work.

句意:后来纳尔逊被授予总统自由勋章,这是对他工作的肯定。根据句意和句中的时间状语Later可知,这里表示的是过去的动作,提示此处应用一般过去时;Nelson与award为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为Nelson,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填was awarded。

was awarded

方法4 巧用固定句型中的时态

典例32One day, I (walk) from classroom across campus to catch my bus home, when an old man came down the sidewalk toward me.

句意:一天,我正从教室出来穿过校园去赶回家的公共汽车,这时突然一个老人沿着人行道朝我走来。由句意可知,本句使用了句型"be(was/were) doing sth. when...",表示"正在做某事,这时突然……",when后的并列分句用一般过去时,故本空应用过去进行时,表示过去正在进行的动作。

was walking

真题检测

1.[2020浙江1月,56]The median(中位数的) age of an American in 1950 (be) 30 — today it is 41...

2.[2020浙江1月,64]However, greater attention should (place) on longevity (长寿).

3.[2019全国Ⅰ,65]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements...

4.[2019浙江6月,56]When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).

5.[2019江苏,33]They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

6.[2018全国Ⅲ,69]When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just... True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.

7.[2018江苏,30]I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry)out in the past two years.

8.[2018北京,1]—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.

—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just (start) on Monday.

9.[2018浙江11月,56 & 57]You probably (use) caffeine since childhood. Caffeine (be) in your first Coke.

10.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),43]Sarah (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.

11.[2017天津,8]I (drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.

12.[2016江苏,22]More efforts, as reported, (make) in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.

13.[2015湖南,25]I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),"What do you wish me to do now?"

14.[2015重庆,1]—Is Peter coming?

—No, he (change) his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

15.[2015北京,26]In the last few years, China (make) great achievements in environmental protection.

16.[2015福建,30]—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and (write)his essay there ever since.

17.[2015北京,30]—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

—All right. I (call)him later.

18.[2015福建,26]To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

(完整版)初三英语时态专项练习题(含答案)

初三英语时态专项练习题(含答案) 时态练习题 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．He______ swimming in the river every day in summer. (go) 2. It________you are right. (seem) 3. Look, the children______ basketball on the playground. ( play ) 4. He______ to the radio when I came in, ( listen ) 5.It is very cold .I think it______ . ( rain ) 6. —I need some paper. —I______ some for you. ( bring ) 7. I can’t find my pen. Who______it ? ( take ) 8.He said that he______back in five minutes . ( come ) 9.I didn’t meet him. He______ when I got the re. ( leave ) 10.I______my bike, so I have to walk to school. ( lose ) 11.He______down and began to read his newspaper. ( sit ) 12.He is very hungry. He_________ anything for three days. ( not eat ) 13.I______with you if I have time . ( go ) 14.We will go to the cinema if it______fine . (be ) 15.I will tell her the news when she______to see me next week. (come) 16. “ When______you______the car ?” “In1998.”(buy) 17.We______good friends since we met at school . （be） 18.What______you______ at five yesterday afternoon ? (do) 19.The bike is nice . How much______it______? (cost) 二、选择最佳答案填空 （）1.We’ll go swimming if the weather______fine tomorrow. A. is B.was C. will be D.is going to be （）2.It______five years since he has left for Beijing. A. was B. has been C.is D.is going to be （）3.Please don’t leave the office until your friend______back. A.came https://www.sodocs.net/doc/628197742.html,es C.have come D.will come （）4.By the end of last year he______about 1500 English words. A. learns B.learned C.was learning D.had learned （）5.Listen ! Someone______in the next room . A.cried B.crying C.is crying D.has cried （）6.You must tell him the news as soon as you______him. A.see B.sees C.will see D.is seeing （）7.He told me that he______to see us the next day. https://www.sodocs.net/doc/628197742.html,es B. came C. will come D. would come （）8.We can’t find him anywhere . Perhaps he______home. A. is going B. went C. has come D. would come （）9.The teacher told us that the sun______bigger than the earth. A. is B. was C. has been D.will be （）10.Could you tell me where the railway station______? A. was B. is C. will be D. would be （）11.We______to the Great Wall several times.

高考英语动词时态

高考中需要掌握的各种时态的分析： 一般现在时： 构成： 谓语动词：do/does 系动词：be~is/am/are 被动语态：am/is/are+done 何为现在？ 无论过去，现在，还是将来，只要跟现在搭上边，统统都是现在。所以一般过去时和他就没有任何的关系。 一般现在：等于常态 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征。 经常性或习惯性的动作。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作。（时刻表） 主语现在所具备的个性，能力或特征 This machine does not work. It has not worked for years. 这台机器不工作了。它已经不工作好几年了。 经常性或习惯性的动作 I do all the cooking for my family. 我们家所有的烹饪都是我来做。 普遍真理?客观事实?格言警句 Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。 按照规定，时间表或安排要发生的动作 Look at the Timetable.Hurry up！Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 你看看时刻表。抓紧点，4026号航班6:20就起飞了。 一般过去等于讲故事 奥义：一般～只需知道动作存在或发生。

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历年高考英语真题汇编_时态语态2.

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