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Scanning the Issue and Beyond： Transportation and Mobility Transformation for Smart Cities

Scanning the Issue and Beyond:Transportation and Mobility Transformation for Smart Cities

T HE OVERALL performance and current status of IEEE T RANSACTIONS ON I NTELLIGENT T RANSPORTATION S YSTEMS(T-ITS)have been reported and discussed in the?rst Executive Committee(ExCom)meeting of the IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society(ITSS)this year,held in beau-tiful Saint Thomas,U.S.Virgin Islands.I am glad to inform you that the state of our journal is like the sunny blue sky, white clouds,and lovely beach of the Virgin Islands:bright and pleasant.The ExCom has decided to establish a new platform for ITSS social media presence;thus,our future abstracts will be distributed through the new social media platform.

This issue starts with three survey papers on technology and security for intelligent vehicles.I will go beyond smart cars and share my thinking and view on issues of transportation and mobility transformation for smart living in smart communities and cities.

Intra-Vehicle Networks:A Review

S.Tuohy,M.Glavin,C.Hughes,E.Jones,M.Trivedi,and L.Kilmartin

Automotive electronics is a rapidly expanding area with an increasing number of safety,driver assistance,and infotainment devices becoming standard in new vehicles.Current vehicles generally employ a number of different networking protocols to integrate these systems into the vehicle.The introduction of large numbers of sensors to provide driver assistance applica-tions and the associated high bandwidth requirements of these sensors has accelerated the demand for faster and more?exible network communication technologies within the vehicle.This paper presents a comprehensive overview of current research on advanced intra-vehicle networks and identi?es outstanding research questions for the future.

Potential Cyberattacks on Automated Vehicles

J.Petit and S.E.Shladover

It is important to start thinking about the cybersecurity impli-cations of cooperative automated vehicle systems.In this paper, the authors investigate the potential cyberattacks speci?c to automated vehicles,with their special needs and vulnerabilities. We analyze the threats on autonomous automated vehicle and cooperative automated vehicle.This analysis shows the need for considerably more redundancy than many have been expecting. The authors also raise the awareness to generate discussion about these threats at this early stage in the development of vehicle automation systems.

Digital Object Identi?er10.1109/TITS.2015.2411776

Hierarchical and Networked Vehicle Surveillance in ITS:

A Survey

B.Tian,B.T.Morris,M.Tang,Y.Liu,Y.Yao,

C.Gou,

D.Shen,and S.Tang

Traf?c surveillance has become an important topic in intelli-gent transportation systems(ITSs),which is aimed at monitor-ing and managing traf?c?ow.The authors present a review of the literature on the video-based vehicle surveillance systems in ITS.They analyze the existing challenges in video-based surveillance systems for the vehicle and present a general archi-tecture for video surveillance systems,i.e.,the hierarchical and networked vehicle surveillance,to survey the different existing and potential techniques.Then,different methods are reviewed and discussed with respect to each module.Applications and future developments are discussed to provide future needs of ITS services.

A Study of Truck Platooning Incentives Using a Conges-tion Game

F.Farokhi and K.H.Johansson

The authors introduce an atomic congestion game with two types of agents,i.e.,cars and trucks,to model the traf?c?ow on a road over various time intervals of the day.Cars maximize their utility by?nding a tradeoff between the time they choose to use the road,the average velocity of the?ow at that time, and the dynamic congestion tax that they pay for using the road.In addition to these terms,the trucks have an incentive for using the road at the same time as their peers because they have platooning capabilities,which allow them to save fuel.The dynamics and equilibria of this game-theoretic model for the in-teraction between car traf?c and truck platooning incentives are investigated.

A Video-Analysis-Based Railway-Road System for Detecting Hazard Situations at Level Crossings

H.Salmane,L.Khoudour,and Y.Ruichek

In this paper,the authors explore the possibility of imple-menting a smart video surveillance security system that is tuned toward detecting and evaluating abnormal situations induced by users(pedestrians,vehicle drivers,and unattended objects) in level crossing.This intelligent security system starts by detecting,separating,and tracking moving objects shot in the level crossing.Then,a hidden Markov model is developed to estimate ideal trajectories,allowing the detected targets to discard dangerous situations.After this,the level of risk of each target is instantly estimated by using the Dempster–Shafer data fusion technique.The proposed analysis also allows rec-ognizing hazard scenarios.Four hazard scenarios are tested and evaluated with different real video image sequences:presence

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of obstacle in the level crossing,presence of stopped vehicles line,vehicle zigzagging between two closed half barriers,and pedestrian crossing LC area.

Feedback-Based Mainstream Traf?c Flow Control for Multiple Bottlenecks On Motorways

G.-R.Iordanidou, C.Roncoli,I.Papamichail,and M.Papageorgiou

Mainstream traf?c?ow control(MTFC)enabled via variable speed limits(VSLs)has been investigated in previous studies, utilizing various control strategies.In this paper,an extended feedback control strategy is proposed for MTFC enabled via VSLs,considering multiple bottleneck locations.Feedback-based results are compared with optimal control results for the evaluation of the controller using a validated macroscopic model.The performance of the feedback controller is shown to approach the optimal control results,despite the fact that many practical and safety restrictions are additionally considered by the feedback controller.

A Cooperative Train Control Model for Energy Saving S.Su,T.Tang(Guest Editor ICIRT2013),and C.Roberts (Guest Editor ICIRT2013)

Increasing attention is being paid to energy ef?ciency in subway systems in order to reduce the operational cost and carbon emissions.Optimization of the driving strategy and ef?cient utilization of the regenerative energy are two effective methods to reduce the energy consumption for electric subway systems.Based on a common scenario that an accelerating train can reuse the regenerative energy from a braking train on the opposite track,this paper proposes a cooperative train control model to minimize the practical energy consumption,i.e.,the difference between the traction energy and the reused regenera-tive energy.Case studies based on the Beijing Yizhuang subway line are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on energy saving.

Tracking Heavy Vehicles Based on Weigh-In-Motion and Inductive Loop Signature Technologies

S.-T.(Cindy)Jeng and L.Chu

Weigh-in-motion(WIM)has been employed as a major technology to collect heavy vehicles’data on the freeways. Because WIM is one of the most costly and sophisticated data collection systems,how to effectively utilize the valuable WIM data and monitor WIM stations’performance are especially important.In this paper,the authors proposed an innovative and yet practical approach for heavy vehicle tracking that combines the use of both WIM data and the inductive loop signature data.The proposed multilevel vehicle reidenti?cation approach was able to generate promising tracking performance with both inductive loop signatures and WIM data applied.

Smart Electrical Infrastructure for AC-Fed Railways With Neutral Zones

E.Pilo,S.K.Mazumder,and I.González-Franco

This paper presents a proposal to modify power supply systems currently used in ac-fed railways with neutral zones in order to allow power-?ow routing.The proposed system com-plements the existing infrastructure with additional power elec-tronic devices connected in parallel to both sides of the neutral zones,allowing control of power?ow through adjacent electri-cal sections.Description and control of such a modi?ed railway system is outlined in this paper.In addition,a mixed integer programming optimization problem is formulated,which min-imizes the investment and the operation costs while ensuring the power supply to the train traf?c.This optimization model is used to allow a systematic evaluation of the bene?ts of imple-menting such a railway smart grid system.Finally,a section of the high-speed line Madrid–Barcelona is used as a case study, and the advantages of the proposed system are quanti?ed in two different scenarios.

Traf?c Flow Prediction for Road Transportation Net-works with Limited Traf?c Data

A.Abadi,T.Rajabioun,and P.A.Ioannou

A major problem in getting traf?c?ow information in real time is that the vast majority of links are not equipped with traf?c sensors.Another problem is that factors affecting traf?c ?ows such as accidents,public events,and road closures are often unforeseen,suggesting that traf?c?ow forecast is a challenging task.In this paper,the authors?rst use a dynamic traf?c simulator to generate?ows in all links using available traf?c information,estimated demand,and historical traf?c data available from links equipped with sensors.As a case study,the authors predict the?ows of a traf?c network in San Francisco using a macroscopic traf?c?ow simulator.Our simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach.The traf?c ?ow prediction errors vary from an average of2%for5-min prediction windows to12%for30-min windows even in the presence of unpredictable events.

Multivehicle Cooperative Driving Using Cooperative Perception:Design and Experimental Validation

S.-W.Kim,B.Qin,Z.J.Chong,X.Shen,W.Liu,M.H.Ang, E.Frazzoli,and D.Rus

In this paper,the authors present a multivehicle cooperative driving system architecture using cooperative perception along with experimental validation.For this goal,they?rst propose a multimodal cooperative perception system that provides see-through,lifted-seat,satellite,and all-around views to drivers. Using the extended range information from the system,the authors then realize cooperative driving by a see-through for-ward collision warning,overtaking/lane-changing assistance, and automated hidden obstacle avoidance.They demonstrate the capabilities and features of our system through real-world experiments using four vehicles on the road.

Recognition of Low-Resolution Logos in Vehicle Images Based on Statistical Random Sparse Distribution

H.Peng,X.Wang,H.Wang,and W.Yang

A new vehicle logo recognition method is proposed to treat low-resolution and poor-quality images captured from urban crossings in intelligent transport systems,and the proposed approach is based on statistical random sparse distribution (SRSD)feature and multiscale scanning.The SRSD feature is a novel feature representation strategy that uses the correlation

between random sparsely sampled pixel pairs as an image fea-ture and describes the distribution of a grayscale image statisti-cally.Multiscale scanning is a creative classi?cation algorithm that locates and classi?es a logo integrally,which alleviates the effect of propagation errors in traditional methods by process-ing the location and classi?cation separately.Experiments show an overall recognition rate of97.21%for a set of3370vehicle images,which showed that the proposed algorithm outperforms classical VLR methods for low-resolution and inferior-quality images and is very suitable for onsite supervision in intelligent transportation systems.

Online Cost-Sharing Mechanism Design for Demand-Responsive Transport Systems

M.Furuhata,K.Daniel,S.Koenig,F.Ordó?ez,M.Dessouky, M.-E.Brunet,L.Cohen,and X.Wang

In demand-responsive transport(DRT)systems,one has to design cost-sharing mechanisms for offering fare quotes to potential passengers so that all passengers are treated fairly. The main issue is how the operating costs of the DRT system should be shared among the passengers(given that different passengers cause different amounts of inconvenience to the other passengers),taking into account that DRT systems should provide fare quotes instantaneously without knowing future ride requests.The authors determine the properties of cost-sharing mechanisms that make DRT systems attrac-tive to both shuttle providers and passengers,namely,online fairness,immediate response,budget balance,and ex-post in-centive compatibility.They propose a novel cost-sharing mech-anism,called proportional online cost sharing(POCS),that provides passengers with upper bounds on their fares imme-diately after their arrivals,allowing them to accept their fare quotes or drop out.The authors examine how POCS satis-?es these properties in theory and computational experiments. Recognition of Highway Workzones for Reliable Autono-mous Driving

Y.-W.Seo,J.Lee,W.Zhang,and D.Wettergreen

In order to be deployed in real-world driving environments, self-driving cars must be able to recognize and respond to ex-ceptional road conditions such as highway workzones because such unusual events can alter previously known traf?c rules and road geometry.In this paper,the authors present a set of computer vision methods that recognize,through identi?cation of workzone signs,the bounds of a highway workzone and temporary changes in highway driving environments.Through testing using video data about highway workzones recorded under various weather conditions,their approach was able to perfectly identify the boundaries of workzones and robustly detect a majority of driving condition changes.In addition to these tests,the authors evaluated,using a mock workzone setup, the usefulness of our workzone recognition systems’outputs for safeguarding a self-driving car.

Component GARCH Models to Account for Seasonal Patterns and Uncertainties in Travel-Time Prediction

Y.Zhang,A.Haghani,and X.Zeng

Uncertainty is often associated with travel-time prediction. Traditional point prediction methods only provide point values that are unable to offer enough information on the reliability of prediction results.The recent development of statistical volatility models has provided an effective way to capture uncertainties in data.In the context of travel time prediction, this paper proposes two component GARCH models able to model the trend and seasonal components through decompo-sition.Travel time data obtained along a freeway corridor in Houston,TX,were used to empirically test the performance of the proposed models.The study results indicate that the proposed models perform well when capturing uncertainties associated with travel time prediction.

SLPA?:Shape-Aware Lifelong Planning A?for Differen-tial Wheeled Vehicles

S.Yoon and D.H.Shim

This paper presents modi?ed A?and Lifelong Planning A?(LPA?)algorithms to facilitate more accurate path?nding than existing methods,including the Minkowski sum for differential wheeled vehicles with shape constraints.The authors use a graphical method to check for obstructions without adding the outline of the vehicles to obstacles.The method applies a procedure that enables vehicles to have forward movement with the smallest rotation possible,including their turning directions. Furthermore,the authors show that vehicles can pass through narrow passages because we accurately check for interference against obstacles using the graphical method.Consequently,we demonstrate via a series of simulations that our method can quickly replan a collision-free path while accurately taking into account the shape of vehicles.

GNSS Multipath and Jamming Mitigation Using High-Mask-Angle Antennas and Multiple Constellations

L.Heng,T.Walter,P.Enge,and G.X.Gao

This paper studies the optimal antenna mask angle that max-imizes the suppression of interference but still maintains the performance of a single constellation with a low-mask-angle antenna.This paper?rst proves a novel lower bound on the ex-pectation of dilution of precision(DOP)and derives closed-form formulas that relate the lower bound to antenna mask angle and the number of satellites.Then,through extensive sim-ulations,a variety of optimal mask angles are obtained with respect to different constellation settings,different DOP met-rics,and different assumptions of range accuracy.The nu-merical results highly agree with our theory.Both show that two constellations can match the performance of one with 5?–14?higher mask,and three constellations can match the performance of one with11?–23?higher mask,depending on the DOP metric and the range error model used.

Green Energy and Content-Aware Data Transmission in Maritime Wireless Communication Networks

T.Yang,Z.Zheng,H.Liang,R.Deng,N.Cheng,and X.Shen In this paper,the authors investigate the network throughput and energy sustainability of green-energy-powered maritime wireless communication networks.Speci?cally,they study how to optimize the schedule of data traf?c tasks to maximize the network throughput with Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX)technology.To this end,they

formulate it as an optimization problem to maximize weight of the total delivered data packets while ensuring that harvested energy can successfully support transmission tasks.The for-mulated energy and content-aware vessel throughput maximize problem is proved to be NP-complete.The authors propose a green energy and content-aware data transmission framework that incorporates the energy limitation of both infostations and delay-tolerant network throwboxes.The green energy buffer is modeled G/G/1queue,and two heuristic algorithms are designed to optimize the transmission throughput and energy sustainability.

Ef?cient Pedestrian Detection via Rectangular Features Based on a Statistical Shape Model

S.Zhang,C.Bauckhage,and A.B.Cremers

The authors propose a simple yet effective detector for robust pedestrian detection.Observing that pedestrians usu-ally appear upright in video data,the authors employ a sta-tistical model of the upright human body where the head, the upper body,and the lower body are treated as three distinct components.The main contribution is to systemati-cally design a pool of rectangular features that are tailored to this shape model.This approach does not avoid exhaus-tive searches over all possible con?gurations of rectangu-lar features nor does it rely on random sampling.It thus marks a middle ground among recently published techniques and yields ef?cient low-dimensional yet highly discrimina-tive features.Experimental results on the well-established INRIA,Caltech,and KITTI pedestrian data sets show that our detector reaches state-of-the-art performance at low com-putational costs and that our features are robust against occlusions.

Longitudinal Model Identi?cation and Velocity Control of an Autonomous Car

J.E.A.Dias,G.A.S.Pereira,and R.M.Palhares

This paper presents the model identi?cation and the ve-locity control of an autonomous car.Since the determina-tion of the vehicle’s model is a dif?cult step in the design of model-based controllers,the main contribution of this pa-per is the use of an empirically determined model to this end.In this work,the structure of the model was conceived from the car’s physics equations,but its parameters were estimated using data-based identi?cation techniques.An im-portant contribution of this paper is the fact that,although the model is strictly linear,the authors can change its pa-rameters in function of the operation point of the vehicle to represent engine’s and transmission’s nonlinear behaviors.In addition,in this paper,the authors propose a way to include changes in the longitudinal dynamics caused by automatic gear shifting.

Design of a Mobile Charging Service for Electric Vehicles in an Urban Environment

S.Huang,L.He,Y.Gu,K.Wood,and S.Benjaafar

This paper presents a novel approach to providing a service for electric vehicle(EV)battery charge replenishment.An an-alytical analysis is?rst developed for an idealized system with a nearest job next(NJN)service strategy explored for such a system.In an NJN service strategy,the mobile charger services the next spatially closest EV when it is done with its current request.An urban environment approximated by Singapore is then analyzed through simulation.Charging requests are simu-lated through a trip generation model based on Singapore.In such a realistic environment,an updated practical NJN service strategy is proposed.For an MP mobile charger system in an urban environment such as Singapore,there exists an optimal battery capacity with a threshold battery charge rate.Similarly, the battery swap capacity of an MS system does not need to be large for the system to perform.

Dynamic-Time-Warping-Based Measurement Data Alignment Model for Condition-Based Railroad Track Maintenance

P.Xu,R.Liu,Q.Sun,and L.Jiang

Based on dynamic time warping,a widely used technique in the area of speech signal processing and biomedical engineer-ing,this paper presents a robust optimization model for correct-ing positional errors of inspection data from Track Geometry Car,a kind of specialized instruments that are extensively used to measure condition of tracks under wheel loadings.An ef?-cient solution algorithm for the model is proposed as well.Ap-plications of the model to inspection data from Track Geometry Car show that positional errors are almost removed from the in-spection data regardless of noises in condition parameter mea-surements and track maintenance interventions,and the model takes1.5004s on average to complete the positional error cor-rection for a1-km-long track segment.

A Pedestrian-Detection Method Based on Heterogeneous Features and Ensemble of Multi-View-Pose Parts

W.Liu,B.Yu,C.Duan,L.Chai,H.Yuan,and H.Zhao Vision-based pedestrian detection remains a challenging task so far.The detection performance often suffers from the various appearances of pedestrians,the illumination changes,and pos-sible partial occlusions.Aiming at resolving these challenges, in this paper,?rst,a new linear kernel function is proposed to effectively combine two heterogeneous features,HOG and LBP,which enhances the pedestrian description ability to illu-mination conditions and cluttered background.Then,a novel multiple view–pose part ensemble detector is proposed in order to better handle pedestrian variability,views,and partial oc-clusions.Experimental results on public data sets demonstrate that the proposed feature combination method signi?cantly improves the description capabilities of pedestrian features. Compared with the existing multipart ensemble approaches,the proposed multiple view–pose ensemble detector boosts higher detection accuracy.

Road Edge Recognition Using the Stripe Hough Trans-form From Millimeter-Wave Radar Images

K.-Y.Guo, E.G.Hoare, D.Jasteh,X.-Q.Sheng,and M.Gashinova

Millimeter-wave radar(MMW),used for road feature recog-nition,has performance superior to optical cameras in terms of robustness in different weather and lighting conditions,as well

as providing ranging capabilities.However,the signatures of road features in MMW radar images are quite different from that of optical images,and even physically continuous features such as road edges will be presented as a set of bright points or spots distributed along the roadside.Therefore,discrimination of the radar features is of paramount importance in automotive imaging systems.To tackle this problem,an approach called the stripe Hough transform is introduced in this paper,allowing enhanced extraction of the geometry of the road path.The performance of the approach is demonstrated by comparison of extracted features from MMW images with the real geometry of the road and with the results of processing by classical Hough transform.

Calibration and Validation of Probabilistic Discretionary Lane-Change Models

V.L.Knoop and C.Buisson

This article reviews methodologies to calibrate and validate probabilistic lane-change models,both microscopically and macroscopically.A likelihood is often used in calibration but does not intuitively show the quality of the model.An example showed that it is possible to have the model calibrated and validated with accurate parameters all having the same error in the validation as in the calibration,but the quality of the model was still https://www.sodocs.net/doc/683303639.html,ing a likelihood ensures that the stochastic effects are well captured,but the conclusion is that,for vali-dation purposes,one can better use a measure that has physical interpretation and which gives a value indicating the quality of the model for the purpose for which it needs to be used.

Ef?cient Compression of4D-Trajectory Data in Air Traf?c Management

S.Wandelt and X.Sun

In this paper,the authors propose two techniques for com-pressing air traf?c4-D trajectories.Their?rst technique an-alyzes a set of samples and computes a prediction for the most likely picked successor coordinate by a random walker. The second technique,referential compression,compresses a 4-D trajectory as a collection of subtrajectory pointers into a reference trajectory.The authors evaluate our algorithms on trajectory data from the demand data repository provided by EUROCONTROL.They show that a combination of our referential and statistical compression techniques compresses 4-D trajectories of all air traf?c over Europe in the year 2013from60GB down to0.78GB,achieving a compres-sion ratio of more than75:1.The compression ratio for our techniques increases with the number of to-be-compressed ?ights,whereas standard compression techniques achieve a ?xed compressed ratio for any number of?ights.

Spatial Inference of Traf?c Transition Using Micro–Macro Traf?c Variables

S.Thajchayapong and J.A.Barria

This paper proposes an online traf?c inference algorithm for road segments where local traf?c information cannot be observed https://www.sodocs.net/doc/683303639.html,ing macro–micro traf?c variables as in-puts,the algorithm consists of three main operations.First,it uses interarrival time(time headway)statistics from upstream and downstream locations to spatially infer traf?c transitions at an unsupervised piece of segment.Second,it estimates lane-level?ow and occupancy at the same unsupervised target site. Third,it estimates individual lane-level shockwave propagation times on the https://www.sodocs.net/doc/683303639.html,ing real-world CCTV data,it is shown that the proposed algorithm outperforms previously proposed methods.

Traf?c Flow Prediction with Big Data:A Deep Learning Approach

Y.Lv,Y.Duan,W.Kang,Z.Li,and F.-Y.Wang

Over the last few years,traf?c data have been exploding and we have truly entered the era of big data for transportation. Existing traf?c?ow prediction methods mainly use shallow traf?c prediction models and are still unsatisfying for many real-world applications.This situation inspires us to rethink the traf?c?ow prediction problem based on deep architecture models with big traf?c data.In this paper,a novel deep learning-based traf?c?ow prediction method is proposed,which consid-ers the spatial and temporal correlations inherently.The stacked autoencoder model is used to learn generic traf?c?ow features, and it is trained in a greedy layerwise fashion.To the best of our knowledge,this is the?rst time to apply the deep architecture model using autoencoders as building blocks to represent traf?c ?ow features for prediction.In addition,experiments demon-strate that the proposed method for traf?c?ow prediction has a superior performance.

Nonparametric Technique Based High-Speed Road Surface Detection

M.Wu,https://www.sodocs.net/doc/683303639.html,m,and T.Srikanthan

Existing road surface detection methods attempt?tting the road surface into rigid models(e.g.planar,clothoid,or B-spline),thereby restricting to road surfaces that match spe-ci?c models.In addition,the curve?tting strategies employed in such techniques incur high-computational complexity,mak-ing them unsuitable for in-vehicle deployments.In this paper, the authors propose an ef?cient nonparametric road surface detection algorithm that exploits the depth cue.The proposed method relies on four intrinsic road scene attributes observed under stereo geometry and has been shown to reliably detect both planar and nonplanar road surfaces ef?ciently.Extensive evaluations are performed on three widely used benchmarks (i.e.,enpeda,KITTI,and Daimler),encompassing many com-plex road scenarios.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm signi?cantly outperforms the well-known techniques both in terms of detection accuracy and runtime performance.

A Nonstationary Wideband MIMO Channel Model for High-Mobility Intelligent Transportation Systems

A.Ghazal,C.-X.Wang,

B.Ai,D.Yuan,and H.Haas

For a proper design and evaluation of high-speed trains’(HSTs)wireless communication systems,accurate channel models that can mimic the underlying channel characteristics for different HST scenarios are needed.In this paper,a novel nonstationary geometry-based stochastic model(GBSM)is proposed for wideband multiple-input–multiple-output HST

channels in rural macrocell scenarios.The corresponding sim-ulation model is then developed with angle parameters cal-culated by the modi?ed method of equal areas.Numerical and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed channel models have the capability to characterize the nonstationarity of HST channels.The statistical properties of the simulation model,veri?ed by the simulation results,can match those of the proposed theoretical GBSM.Excellent agreement is achieved between the stationary intervals of the proposed simulation model and those of relevant measurement data,demonstrating the utility of the proposed channel models.

A Stochastic Emergency Vehicle Redeployment Model for Effective Response to Traf?c Incidents

C.Lei,W.-H.Lin,and L.Miao

This paper studies the stochastic emergency vehicle rede-ployment problem for effective response to traf?c incidents. Both potential service demands and unavailable time of emer-gency vehicles already in service are treated under uncertainty. The authors develop a stochastic programming model for the problem,aiming at optimizing the system-wide performance by adjusting the scheduling plan to reposition emergency vehicles when some emergency vehicles become temporarily unavail-able in response to service calls.An enhanced version of the L-shaped method is developed to solve the model.A new set of lower bound constraints is created to improve the quality of the lower bound.The computational results show that the proposed method yields a tighter lower bound and converges faster to the optimal solution than the conventional L-shaped method.A comparative analysis of different strategies is conducted,which indicate that better system performance can be achieved by explicitly incorporating the information about the status change of emergency vehicles currently in service into the routing and scheduling plan.

Lane Departure Identi?cation for Advanced Driver Assistance

V.Gaikwad and S.Lokhande

In this paper,a technique for identifying the of unwanted lane departure of a traveling vehicle on a road is proposed.The novelty of the proposed algorithm is an identi?cation of the lane departure using only three lane-related parameters based on Euclidean distance transform to estimate departure measure. Use of Euclidean distance transform in combination with PLSF keeps false alarm around3%and lane detection rate above97% under various lighting conditions.Experimental results indicate that the proposed system can detect lane boundaries in the pres-ence of several image artifacts,such as the lighting changes, poor lane markings,occlusions by a vehicle,and issues on accurate lane departure warning in a short time interval.The proposed technique shows the ef?ciency with some real video sequences.

Distributed Traf?c Signal Control Using the Cell Trans-mission Model via the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

S.Timotheou,C.G.Panayiotou,and M.M.Polycarpou

In this paper,we model the multiple-intersection traf?c sig-nal control problem using the cell transmission model as a mixed integer linear program.The solution of the problem is facilitated by its special structure,which allows both temporal and spatial decomposition.Temporal decomposition is em-ployed to reduce problem size by solving subproblems of smaller time window compared with the original problem.Tem-poral subproblems can be further spatially decomposed into subproblems associated with different intersections,which are jointly solved by exchanging messages between neighboring intersections.The proposed distributed solution strategy is composed of two phases.First,the relaxed linear problem is reformulated and distributedly solved via the alternating direc-tion method of multipliers.Second,two distributed rounding schemes are developed to solve the original problem.Simu-lation results indicate that the proposed solution strategy is scalable to large transportation topologies,is suitable for online execution,and provides close to optimal results.

A Low-Cost Hardware Architecture for Illumination Adjustment in Real-Time Applications

Y.-H.Shiau,P.-Y.Chen,H.-Y.Yang,and S.-Y.Li

In this paper,the authors propose a fast and ef?cient illumi-nation adjustment algorithm that is suitable for low-cost very large-scale integration implementation.Experimental results show that the proposed method requires the least number of operations and achieves comparable visual quality,as compared with previous techniques.To further meet the requirement of real-time image/video applications,the16-stage pipelined hardware architecture of the method is implemented as an intel-lectual property core.The proposed design yields a processing rate of about200MHz by using TSMC0.13-μm technology. Since it can process one pixel per clock cycle,for an image with resolution of QSXGA(2560×2048),it requires about27ms to process one frame,which is suitable for real-time applications. In some low-cost intelligent imaging systems,the processing rate can be slowed down and our hardware core can run at very low power consumption.

Constructed Data Pilot-Assisted Channel Estimators for Mobile Environments

Z.Zhao,X.Cheng,M.Wen,L.Yang,and B.Jiao

This paper focuses on the channel estimation problem in vehicular scenarios,which is very challenging in view of the extremely time-varying characteristics of mobile channels. Speci?cally,the authors propose a novel channel estimator named constructed data pilot(CDP)estimator for the current communication standards by fully exploiting the channel corre-lation characteristics across two concatenated symbols.On the basis of the CDP estimator,they further resort to two ef?cient techniques to improve its performance over the entire signal-to-noise-ratio(SNR)region.For the?rst technique,the time-variant mobile channel is modeled as a?rst-order Markov process so that the exact autocorrelation value of the two adjacent symbols can be derived.For the second technique, the SNR is estimated and serves as a priori information. Simulation results reveal that our proposed channel estima-tors outperform existing alternatives with lower computational complexity.

Analysis and Modeling of Pedestrian Crossing Behavior During the Pedestrian Flashing Green Interval

M.Iryo-Asano,W.K.M.Alhajyaseen,and H.Nakamura The objective of this study is to analyze and model the prob-abilistic behavior of pedestrians after the onset of PFG,which contains pedestrians’decision of whether to give up crossing,as well as pedestrian speed distribution.Empirical data analysis showed that longer crosswalks lead to signi?cantly higher pedestrian stop probabilities.Furthermore,there is a signi?cant difference between pedestrians’speeds in the?rst and second halves of crosswalks.The results of a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the estimated models closely represent the overall stochastic behavior of pedestrians from the onset of PFG until the completion of crossing.

A Train Localization Algorithm for Train Protection Systems of the Future

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/683303639.html,uer(Magazine AE)and D.Stein

This paper describes an algorithm that enables a railway vehicle to determine its position in a track network.The system is based solely on onboard sensors such as a velocity sensor and a Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)sensor and does not require trackside infrastructure such as axle counters or balises.This paper derives a probabilistic modeling of the localization task and develops a sensor fusion approach to fuse the inputs of the GNSS sensor and the velocity sensor with the digital track map.The authors describe how to treat ambiguities and stochastic uncertainty adequately.Moreover,they introduce the concept of virtual balises that can be used to replace balises on the track and evaluate the approach experimentally. This paper focuses on an accurate modeling of sensor and estimation uncertainties,which is relevant for safety critical applications.

A Runtime Integrity Monitoring Framework for Real-Time Relative Positioning Systems Based on GPS and DSRC K.Ansari,Y.Feng,and M.Tang

This paper provides a three-layered framework to monitor the positioning performance requirements of real-time rela-tive positioning(RRP)systems of the cooperative intelligent transport systems that support cooperative collision warning (CCW)applications.These applications exploit state data of surrounding vehicles obtained solely from the Global Posi-tioning System(GPS)and dedicated short-range communica-tions(DSRC)units without using other sensors.To this end, this paper argues for the need for the GPS/DSRC-based RRP systems to have an autonomous monitoring mechanism since the operation of CCW applications is meant to augment safety on roads.

A Practical Wireless Attack on the Connected Car and Security Protocol for In-Vehicle CAN

S.Woo,H.J.Jo,and D.H.Lee

Security issues have not been treated properly in CAN, although CAN control messages could be life critical.With the appearance of the connected car environment,in-vehicle networks(e.g.,CAN)are now connected to external networks (e.g.,3G/4G mobile networks),enabling an adversary to per-form a long-range wireless attack using CAN vulnerabilities.In this paper,the authors show that a long-range wireless attack is physically possible using a real vehicle and malicious smartphone application in a connected car environment.They also propose a security protocol for CAN as a countermeasure designed in accordance with current CAN speci?cations and evaluate the feasibility of the proposed security protocol using CANoe software and a DSP-F28335microcontroller.The re-sults show that the proposed security protocol is more ef?cient than existing security protocols with respect to authentication delay and communication load.

Time-and Frequency-Varying K-Factor of Non-Stationary Vehicular Channels for Safety-Relevant Scenarios

L.Bernadó,T.Zemen,F.Tufvesson, A.Molisch,and C.F.Mecklenbr?uker

The authors characterize the distribution of the envelope of the?rst delay bin in vehicle-to-vehicle channels by means of its Rician K-factor.They analyze the time–frequency variability of this channel parameter using vehicular channel measure-ments at5.6GHz with a bandwidth of240MHz for safety-relevant scenarios in intelligent transportation systems(ITSs). They show that the small-scale fading of the envelope of the ?rst delay bin is Rician distributed with a varying K-factor. The later delay bins are Rayleigh distributed.We demonstrate that the K-factor cannot be assumed to be constant in time and frequency.The causes of these variations are the frequency-varying antenna radiation patterns and the time-varying number of active scatterers and the effects of vegetation.The authors also present a simple but accurate bimodal Gaussian mixture model,which allows capturing the K-factor variability in time for safety-relevant ITS scenarios.

Joint Human Detection From Static and Mobile Cameras J.Miseikis and P.V.K.Borges

Ef?cient pedestrian detection is a key aspect of many in-telligent vehicles.In this context,vision-based detection has gained increased popularity.Algorithms proposed often con-sider that the camera is mobile,onboard a vehicle,or static, mounted on infrastructure.In contrast,the authors consider a pedestrian detection approach that uses information from mobile and static cameras jointly.The proposed method?nds applicability in industrial environments,where industrial ve-hicle localization is becoming increasingly popular.The au-thors implemented and tested the system on an automated industrial vehicle,considering both manned and autonomous operations.They present a thorough discussion on practical issues(resolution,lighting,subject pose,etc)related to hu-man detection in the scenario considered.Experiments il-lustrate the improved results of the joint detection com-pared with traditional independent static and mobile detection approaches.

Vehicle Scheduling of an Urban Bus Line via an Im-proved Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm

X.Zuo,C.Chen,W.Tan,and M.Zhou

In this paper,a methodology is presented to create a set of Pareto solutions for vehicle scheduling of urban bus lines.First,

a set of candidate vehicle blocks is generated.Then,multiple block subsets are selected from this candidate set by an im-proved multiobjective genetic algorithm combined with a departure-time adjustment procedure to obtain multiple Pareto solutions.To encode a solution,we propose a coding scheme that has relatively short coding length and low decoding complexity.This approach is applied to a real-world vehicle scheduling problem of a bus line in Nanjing,China.Exper-iments show that this approach is able to quickly produce satisfactory Pareto solutions that outperform the actually used experience-based solution.

A Methodology for Denoising and Generating Bus Infrastructure Data

F.Pinelli,F.Calabrese,and E.Bouillet

Together with the availability of new mobility data,the development of new intelligent transport systems(ITSs)has in-creased in order to provide new key performance indicators to-ward the improvement of the management of traf?c awareness in cities.ITSs rely on accurate transit infrastructure data that often contain erroneous information(e.g.,inconsistencies,out of dates).In this paper,the authors propose a new methodology that makes use of GPS traces to automatically detect or correct bus stop locations,reconstruct bus route shapes,and estimate time schedules.The methodology performs different steps: 1)data cleaning and detection of trips;2)bus stop extraction through data mining techniques;3)route shape reconstruction; and4)time schedule estimation.A case study using real GPS data from the City of Dublin is performed.

Intercultural Analyses of Time-to-Collision in Vehicle–Pedestrian Con?ict on Urban Midblock Crosswalk

X.Jiang,W.Wang,and K.Bengler

In traf?c con?ict techniques,time-to-collision(TTC)is sug-gested to be a surrogate measure of con?ict severity.In order to address the differences in con?ict situation between driving cultures,?eld traf?c data have been collected by video record-ing and image processing at urban midblock crosswalks both in Beijing,China,and in Munich,Germany.Focusing on the vehicle–pedestrian(VEH–PED)con?ict,by identi?cation of ?led observation,con?ict situation,and TTC calculation, trajectory-based data matrix is created for understanding the en-tire con?ict process.TTC distribution and relationships be-tween TTC and PED-/VEH-based parameters are investigated with intercultural comparison.Special cases in China,where traf?c noncompliance is common,are also studied as a comple-ment to normal VEH–PED con?icts.The research will hope-fully lay the groundwork in the target of providing advanced driver assistance system adaptation databases in the future. Performance Evaluation of GNSS for Train Localization D.Lu and E.Schnieder

Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSSs)are applicable to deliver train locations in real time.This train localization function should comply with railway functional safety stan-dards;thus,the GNSS performance needs to be evaluated in consistent with railway EN50126standard[reliability,availa-bility,maintainability,and safety(RAMS)].This paper demon-strates the performance of GNSS receiver for train localization. First,the GNSS performance and railway RAMS properties are compared by de?nitions.Second,the GNSS receiver measure-ments are categorized into three states(up,degraded,and faulty states),and the relations between the states are illustrated into a stochastic Petri net model.At last,the performance properties are evaluated using real data collected in the High Tatra Moun-tains railway track in Slovakia.The property evaluation is based on the de?nitions represented by the modeled states.

T RANSPORTATION AND M OBILITY

T RANSFORMATION FOR S MART C ITIES

In February,Prof.Nanning Zheng and I went to Changshu, a midsize city near Shanghai,China,for the?nal discussion on various issues regarding the establishment of China’s?rst Intelligent Vehicle Proving Center(IVPC).The goal is to make IVPC a world center for the demonstration and advancement of technology and services for transportation and mobility trans-formation in future smart living in smart cities.

Before the meeting,I spent some time reading materials re-lated to transportation and mobility transformation research and implementation.In addition to the extensive recent coverage by media on the University of Michigan’s Mobility Trans-formation Center,I found an interesting?nal report on the Transportation Transformation Project by MZ Strategies,LLC. Yes,technology innovation is the key to transformation so far. As witnessed by Google’s self-driving cars,Uber,DiDi Dache, etc.,technology-driving mobility and transportation innovation is growing exponentially.Right after last year’s IEEE Intelli-gent Transportation Systems Conference in Qingdao,China,a group of my own students started a venture that uses social networking media and Uber-like methods for social logistics. However,overall and around the world,governmental and public agencies are slow to respond and adapt.To speed up the mobility and transportation transformation for smart living in smart communities or smart cities,we need more than just technology,we need to consider and include dynamics of social organizations and cultures,and we need a comprehensive sys-tems engineering approach that accommodates and embraces diversi?ed disciplines,?elds,thinking,behaviors,and cultures. For me,current ITS projects are still too much?eld or discipline centric,traf?c,vehicular,infrastructural,computers, control,communication,web,services,and so on,issues and problems are addressed mostly independently,sometimes inte-grated only at the small-scale or local levels.To many,and in many senses,total integration in physical space is something of an impossible mission:a hopeful journal to nowhere due to various forbidding economic,legal,ethical,or scienti?c barricades on the road.This is true to a large degree,but now,Cyberspace offers us a new mechanism of overcoming these barricades and an augmented reality infrastructure of in-tegrating technology,systems,and societies for transformation in transportation and mobility.Total integration in cyberspace still faces many hurdles,but much less daunting,and should be feasible for implementation with models for arti?cial or software-de?ned transportation systems,methods for compu-tational experiments,and tools for parallel execution of actual

and virtual operations and organizations.I believe that this will be the future for ITS and for future transportation and mobility research,development,and applications.

The emergence of and enthusiasm for smart cities and smart living provide a unique opportunity for realization of trans-portation and mobility transformation.The ITS professional community as a whole needs to think and plan for total in-tegration in a full and ultralarge scale:from social logistics, economic development,and community service to personal mobility and seamless connection between smart homes to smart societies via intelligent transportation systems.New di-rections that we have promoted in the IEEE T-ITS over the last few years,from total traf?c control,parallel driving,social transportation,computational transportation,transportation5.0, and transportation knowledge automation to many others,will be critical for the development of next-generation transporta-tion and mobility systems for smart living in smart cities. Virtual reality transportation and augmented reality mobility can used to greatly accelerate the process,reduce the cost, and improve the quality of conceiving,designing,testing, evaluating,implementing,and operating smart systems for fu-ture transportation and mobility,whereas cyber-physical-social systems would be the ideal venue to link and integrate these systems with our future life.

A quarter century ago,many regions/countries and profes-sional organizations had proposed reference architectures or models for ITS;now,we need to develop national or interna-tional reference architectures for transportation and mobility transformation for smart living in smart communities and cities.

F EI-Y UE W ANG,Editor-in-Chief

State Key Laboratory of Management and

Control for Complex Systems

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Beijing100190,China

Research Center for Computational Experiments

and Parallel Systems Technology

National University of Defense Technology

Changsha410073,China

Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries

Qingdao266109,China

印度宝莱坞电影的制作方式及其产品特征

印度宝莱坞电影的制作方式及其产品特征摘要：印度作为电影大国，在市场、特色、产量和制作方面有自己的特色。本文分析宝莱坞电影的特色和集群化产业模式。关键词：宝莱坞产业集群引言：印度作为我国的邻国同为四大文明古国之一、人口大国和发展最快的发展中国家之一，在地理、文化、经济等发面与我国有许多的相似性。彼此可以借鉴吸取好的方面以更好地发展。印度作为世界上最大的电影生产国，全印度拥有近100家电影制片厂，1.3万家电影院，500多家电影杂志，电影从业人员30 多万人，年耗资30亿美元。印度电影基本上可以划分5个主要的电影工业区域，分别是孟买、马德拉斯、海德拉巴、加尔各答和班加罗尔为制片基地。其中孟买的宝莱坞是规模最大的制片基地。宝莱坞电影的成功在某种意义上也代表了印度电影工业和印度电影。一、宝莱坞概况宝莱坞（Bollywood）是位于印度孟买的电影工业基地的别名，是世界第一大电影生产基地，也是印度电影工业或印度电影的代名词。它的英文名字（Bollywood）是取孟买（Bombay）的首字母“B”和好莱坞（Hollywood）“h”之后的字母组合成的名字，意为东方的好莱坞，包含了印度电影人誓与好莱坞比肩的梦想。印度电影近年的产量约为每年一千部，每年出产的电影数量居全世界第一，宝莱坞占其中的六成左右。宝莱坞生产的主要是使用人口数量第一的印地语的电影，大家熟知的有《三个傻瓜》、《我的名字叫可汗》、《阿育王》、《宝莱坞

生死恋》等等，而我们的父辈更熟悉的是《大篷车》和《流浪者》。以宝莱坞为代表的印度电影业, 同印度的信息技术产业一样, 成为印度经济发展最快的部门之一。2004年, 以影视行业为龙头的娱乐传媒产业的产值约为70亿美元,到2009年达到了130亿美元。其中宝莱坞的产值则占一半以上。二、宝莱坞电影特色 (一)印式歌舞片宝莱坞的电影几乎都是歌舞片，很少见某个电影是没有歌舞场面，不管它是什么类型的电影，歌舞场面必不可少。好莱坞的歌舞片是突出表演歌唱、舞蹈和音乐方面的艺术成就，故事情节大都比较简单。其程式化元素很突出：主题不外乎是有情人终成眷属和美梦成真，仪式或场景大多是婚礼、宴会、演出、游行和展览会，运用经典的叙事模式和剪辑方法。而宝莱坞电影的歌舞片并不像好莱坞的歌舞片是一种类型片。宝莱坞电影的歌舞几乎在所有类型的电影中出现过，科幻片、史诗片、动作片、喜剧片、恐怖惊悚片、文艺片、剧情片等等。如科幻片《印度超人》、史诗片《阿克巴大帝》《阿育王》《抗暴英雄》、动作片《未知死亡》《幻影车神》、喜剧片《月光集市到中国》、恐怖片《13号楼B座》、文艺片《地球上的星星》等。不管是早期的《大篷车》还是近现代的电影，印度歌舞一直都在电影中有很重要的地位和作用。一直以来, 印度电影给人最直接的印象的就是歌舞片盛行, 出现这种情况, 一方面是因为印度是个多民族的国家, 民族语言繁多, 歌曲和舞蹈容易为各种语言的观众理解; 一方面, 印度具有悠久的歌舞传统, 在平时的聚会活动时, 人们习惯用歌舞的方式表达; 另一方面, 印度电影一般都在3 时以上,观众的注意力很难集中如此之久, 这时候就要靠若干次的歌舞在片子中间歇性地穿插以调节气氛。宝莱坞电影中的歌舞往往表达的是人们内心对美好生活的向往和憧憬以及对爱情、友情、亲情的感悟与体验；也在电影中适时地烘托或紧张、或激烈、或甜蜜的气氛，在电影中起到诠释作用。在电影《花无百日红》中大概每15分钟左右就有一段歌舞，都在剧情发展过程当中起到解释说明或推进剧情的作用。(二)对爱情主题的钟爱宝莱坞电影对于“爱情”这个主题是无限的钟爱，而且表现的淋漓尽致。当

好看的印度电影推荐

好看的印度电影推荐！ 1沙鲁克·汗/ Shahrukh Khan /SRK /king khan 宝莱坞之王 2010 《我的名字叫可汗》宝莱坞电影海外票房纪录保持者2009 《好运理发师》 2008 《天生一对》 2007 《宝莱坞传奇》/《轮回》/《爱在宝莱坞》《加油印度》 2006 《追踪再现》/ 《夺面煞星宝莱坞》《永不说再见》看的次数最多 2004 《爱无国界》《宝莱坞不可完成的任务》《故土》 2003 《爱没有明天》 2002 《宝莱坞生死恋》 2001 《阿育王》《花无百日红》/《有时快乐有时悲伤》《情字路上》大家熟悉印度歌曲《女友嫁人新郎不是我》就出自里面1998 《怦然心动》《迪尔·瑟》/《发自内心》 1997 《烈火恩仇》《缘来是你》/《我心狂野》 1995 《勇夺芳心》一直到现在都没有下线向800周冲刺 2 阿米尔·汗Aamir Khan 宝莱坞完美主义者推荐！ 2009 《三个傻瓜》/《三个白痴》/《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 2008《未知死亡》 2007《地球上的星星》 2006《为爱毁灭》《青春无敌》/《芭萨提的颜色》 2005《抗暴英雄》 2001《印度往事》奥斯卡外语片提名 4赫里尼克·罗斯汉Hrithik Roshan 推荐！ 2010 《风筝》 2008《阿克巴大帝》/《帝国玫瑰》 2006《幻影车神2》《克里斯》/《印度超人》

2004《目标》 2003《狂爱普里姆》《印度超人前传》 2002《愿意做我的朋友吗?》 2001《花无百日红》 2000《这就是爱情》/《说声我爱你》《克什米尔任务》其他宝莱坞影片推荐！《亲密有罪》《纽约》《时尚》少见的女星主导成功影片《星期三》《摇滚起来》《燃情迈阿密》《难以置信的爱》《蓝色情迷》《生死竞赛》《爱情你我他》《迷妄国度》印度最成功的恐怖片《宝莱坞劲敌》《印度教父》《流浪狗罗密欧》《丛林怪物》《季风婚礼》国际获奖无数《月光集市到中国》印外合拍片推荐！《贫民窟百万富翁》《同名同姓》《月亮河》《爱斗气爱上你》印度版《傲慢与偏见》《我爱贝克汉姆》

三傻大闹宝莱坞电影介绍

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十部适合一个人静静看的电影 1、阿甘正传 2、肖申克的救赎 3、触不到的恋人 4、海上钢琴师 5、千与千寻 6、雏菊 7、花样年华 8、幸福来敲门 9、蓝莓之夜 10、放牛班的春天 10部震撼狙击手电影 ①《狙击电话亭》②《最后的莫希干人》③《敌人的荣誉》④《兵临城下》⑤《全金属外壳》⑥《快枪手》⑦《双狙人》⑧《杀手悲歌》 ⑨《一号通缉令》⑩《最后刺客》亚洲十大恐怖电影 1.《咒怨》 2.鬼娃娃花子 3.《午夜凶铃》 4.《鬼来电》 5.《笔仙》 6.《解剖学教室》 7.《邪降》 8.《四人餐桌》 9.《人形师》10.《凶相》12部让你笑喷的电影《神探飞机头》、《我盛大的同志婚礼》、《幸运库克》、《校园卧底》、《偷天情缘》《美国派》、《我的野蛮老师》、《美女也烦恼》、《疯狂的石头》、《谋杀快乐》、《我为玛丽狂》18部讲述天才的电影《美丽心灵》、《雨人》、《波拉克》、《暗物质》、《想飞的钢琴少年》、《香水》、《十一罗汉》、《电锯惊魂》、《嫌疑人的献身》、《非常嫌疑犯》、《猫鼠游戏》、《一级恐惧》、《心灵捕手》、《莫扎特传》、《证据》、《海上钢琴师》、《沉默的羔羊》、《寻找弗罗斯特》最酷的狗:《101真狗》最可爱的狗：《狗狗心事》最红的狗：《史努比》最搞怪的狗：《家有贱狗》最苦命的狗：《龙龙与忠狗》最懂孙子兵法的狗：《猫狗大战》最大无畏的狗：《酷狗正传》最会装傻的狗：《酷狗宝贝》最忠心的狗：《导盲犬小Q》最早狗明星：《灵犬莱西》

2014好看电影排行榜

[最费脑力的14部电影】《盗梦空间》、《记忆裂痕》、《生死停留》、《死亡幻觉》、《禁闭岛》、《穆赫兰道》、《蝴蝶效应》、《恐怖游轮》、《伤城》、《盗走达芬奇》、《88分钟》、《万能钥匙》、《决胜21点》、《沉默的羔羊》【感动无数人的电影】《恋空》《婚纱》《比悲伤更悲伤的故事》《我脑中的橡皮擦》《属于你的我的初恋》《夏天协奏曲》《天使之恋》《分手信》《近在咫尺的爱恋》【15部让你哭的昏天暗地的电影】《假如爱有天意》《我脑海中的橡皮擦》《情书》《恋空》《等待，只为与你相遇》《我们的幸福时光》《请别相信她》《触不到的恋人》《菊花香》《剪刀手爱德华》《海上钢琴师》《恋恋笔记本》《美丽心灵的永恒阳光》《泰坦尼克号》【18部经典天才电影】《美丽心灵》、《雨人》、《波拉克》、《暗物质》、《想飞的钢琴少年》、《嫌疑人X的献身》、《天才瑞普利》、《猫鼠游戏》、《香水》、《一级恐惧》、《心灵捕手》、《莫扎特传》、《证据》、《海上钢琴师》、《电锯惊魂》、《沉默的羔羊》、《非常嫌疑犯》、《寻找弗罗斯特》【人生必看的10部电影】爱情→《罗马假日》；执着→《阿甘正传》；哲理→《第七封印》；才华→《莫扎特传》；人生→《美国往事》；童心→《ET》；痛苦→《现代启示录》；信念→《肖申克的救赎》；责任→《辛德勒的名单》；勇气→《勇敢的心》【十部适合一个人静静看的电影】 1、阿甘正传 2、肖申克的救赎 3、触不到的恋人 4、海上钢琴师 5、千与千寻 6、雏菊 7、花样年华 8、幸福来敲门 9、蓝莓之夜 10、放牛班的春天【10部震撼狙击手电影】 ①《狙击电话亭》； ②《最后的莫希干人》； ③《敌人的荣誉》； ④《兵临城下》； ⑤《全金属外壳》、 ⑥《快枪手》；

看三傻大闹宝莱坞电影观后感600字5篇

看三傻大闹宝莱坞电影观后感600字5篇看《三傻大闹宝莱坞》电影观后感600字1 告诉自己，一切都好现在再也看不见放学后趴在地上打弹珠的孩子们，看不见孩子们跳房子……因为现在家长都要求孩子们，好好学习，考一个高分，完全不考虑孩子们的压力。今天看的《三傻大闹宝莱坞》就体现了学生的巨大压力。影片中有三个兄弟，一个叫法尔汉，他的梦想是成为一名野生动物摄影师，但他的父亲想让他成为一名工程师，他只能顺从;还有一个叫拉朱，他们家庭非常贫困，但是他们家中唯一的希望，她总是担心，明天以至于他总是无法过好当下;最后一个是蓝澈，他热爱学习，但他不像别人一样，他学习只求学会，而不是像机器人一样，只死记硬背课本上的知识。在我们的学习生活中，我们真正能做到像兰彻一样的人，又有几个呢?随着时代的飞速发展，社会竞争力越来越强，所有的父母都望子成龙望女成凤，但父母们却不知，孩子们的压力也在不断增大。如今的各所大学，通通都只看分数。一些学校和老师为了提高升学率，不断向学生施加压力，因为这些老师和家长有一个很好的理由：学生有了压力就有了前进的动力。但是学生也只是个孩子，让他们去承受，连大人都不一定承受的了的压力，他们没有办法，只能选择轻生，这就造成了我们身边一幅幅悲惨的画面。

虽然我们身边并没有太多这样的事例，可如果我们只向影片中的“消音器”一样，对于新知识只会死记硬背，那么学习效率就不畏那么学习效率就不会高。可如果像拉朱一样，我们也不可能成功，有时只担心远方，却忘了避开脚底下的坑，也不会成功。只有像兰彻一样，真心热爱学习，用最有效的学习方法才能事半功倍。在面对困难的时候，我们不能因为一点点事就放弃，我们应该记住兰彻的话：“你追求卓越，成功就会在不经意间追上你。” 看《三傻大闹宝莱坞》电影观后感600字2 追求卓越不负此生。《三傻大闹宝莱坞》是一部拍摄于十几年前的印度电影，如今看来却仍是深有感触。这部电影讲述的是三兄弟：兰彻，法涵，拉朱在印度的最高学府发生的一系列的事。兰彻是这部电影的男一号，他出生于园丁之家，然而他的父母却在他很小的时候就去世了，成为孤儿的他只能寄居在其主人的家，后来又阴差相错地成为了代替主人儿子上学的人偶，主人需要一张证书，而兰彻热爱上学。在印度，最重要的就是文凭，而最受欢迎的职业就是工程师。因此在孩子刚出生时父母便会对孩子予下成为工程师的期望。兰彻是一个天才，他反对这种死板的理念，于是他在大学里经常不按套路出牌，同老师对着干是常事，于是也就引发了一系列的“笑话”。最令我印象深刻的一件事是老师在问机械是什么的那一段，兰彻

印度经典电影

沙鲁克·汗/ Shahrukh Khan /SRK /king khan 宝莱坞之王 2010 《我的名字叫可汗》宝莱坞电影海外票房纪录保持者 2009 《好运理发师》 2008 《天生一对》 2007 《宝莱坞传奇》/《轮回》/《爱在宝莱坞》《加油印度》 2006 《追踪再现》/ 《夺面煞星宝莱坞》《永不说再见》看的次数最多 2004 《爱无国界》《宝莱坞不可完成的任务》《故土》 2003 《爱没有明天》 2002 《宝莱坞生死恋》 2001 《阿育王》《花无百日红》/《有时快乐有时悲伤》《情字路上》大家熟悉印度歌曲《女友嫁人新郎不是我》就出自里面 1998 《怦然心动》《迪尔·瑟》/《发自内心》 1997 《烈火恩仇》《缘来是你》/《我心狂野》 1995 《勇夺芳心》一直到现在都没有下线向800周冲刺阿米尔·汗 Aamir Khan 宝莱坞完美主义者 2009 《三个傻瓜》/《三个白痴》/《三傻大闹宝莱坞》 2008《未知死亡》 2007《地球上的星星》 2006《为爱毁灭》《青春无敌》/《芭萨提的颜色》 2005《抗暴英雄》 2001《印度往事》奥斯卡外语片提名萨尔曼·汗 Salman Khan 宝莱坞坏小子 1988年出道，凭借《家庭秘密》和《我的爱人吉娅》中的出色表演而成名，一直是印度最有人气的演员 2010年出演的史诗片《威尔》也取得不错口碑赫里尼克·罗斯汉 Hrithik Roshan 2010 《风筝》

2008《阿克巴大帝》/《帝国玫瑰》 2006《幻影车神2》《克里斯》/《印度超人》 2004《目标》 2003《狂爱普里姆》《印度超人前传》 2002《愿意做我的朋友吗?》 2001《花无百日红》 2000《这就是爱情》/《说声我爱你》《克什米尔任务》其他宝莱坞影片推荐！《亲密有罪》《纽约》《时尚》少见的女星主导成功影片《星期三》《未知死亡》《摇滚起来》《燃情迈阿密》《难以置信的爱》《蓝色情迷》《生死竞赛》《爱情你我他》《迷妄国度》印度最成功的恐怖片《宝莱坞劲敌》《印度教父》《流浪狗罗密欧》《丛林怪物》《季风婚礼》国际获奖无数《月光集市到中国》印外合拍片推荐！《贫民窟百万富翁》《同名同姓》《月亮河》《爱斗气爱上你》印度版《傲慢与偏见》《我爱贝克汉姆》阿克夏-库马尔(Akshay Kumar）《月光集市到中国》《热烈婚礼》

从电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》看印度的社会问题

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印度电影分析

印度电影分析 ——《三傻大闹宝莱坞》印度电影又称宝莱坞电影，近几年越来越受到人们的关注。除了其特有的印度舞蹈元素外，华丽已经成为了其另一个代名词。印度电影的情节很丰富，一部影片经常融合了多种元素。三大歌舞片中，好莱坞以绝对的优势垄断了两个，《芝加哥》《红磨坊》，而第三部就是来自印度的电影《宝莱坞生死恋》。纯美爱情，伟大友谊，华丽歌舞，惊险悬疑，多种元素融合到了一部电影。印度拥有当今最庞大的电影市场，每天约有2000万～2500万忠实的印度观众在电影院里体验着各种喜怒哀乐，形成了当今世界上最庞大的电影市场，印度也是惟一一个持续能看到观众排队买票看国产影片的国家。由于印度政府长期把宝莱坞归于二等产业。印度政府把电影业列为正式的产业，这使得在印度奇特的控制型经济体系有了正式的名分，并首次能合法地得到银行贷款，能发行债券和得到安全保障。宝莱坞的影片多以震撼人心的情节和丰富多彩的音乐舞蹈吸引世界各地的广大观众。宝莱坞影片就是凭着异域情调的情节和音乐吸引了西方观众和制片商的眼球，特别是那些制作精美、情节生动的影片。丹尼博伊尔用好莱坞方式诠释了同名印度小说改编的《贫民窟的百万富翁》，用宝莱坞欢乐团圆爱情万岁歌舞狂欢结尾，规避了书里不容易解释消化的各种社会问题。在各种风光的背后，宝莱坞电影业面临着其自身的一些困境。尽管在过去的几年中，宝莱坞电影的增长率都保持在15%，但只有10%的宝莱坞电影能盈利，效率和商业价值与好莱坞电影相比更是相形见绌。这同时也就体现了宝莱坞电影的一些缺点。印度电影热衷于宣扬复仇、惩恶扬善这类永恒的主题。近年来印度的影评家们纷纷批评印度出产的电影“格式固定，充满老套故事与不必要的歌舞，夸张并明显地脱离现实”。电影深受《罗摩衍那》和《摩柯婆罗多》两大史诗的情节和古梵文传说的影响，比如在过分夸张的情节中宣扬报恩复仇、惩恶扬善的永恒主题；至于剧情形成的套路，则起源于印度本土观众比较喜欢一成不变的公式化剧情。但是，《三傻大闹宝莱坞》这部电影完全跳出了印度电影给予的束缚，影片没有印度电影热衷的惩恶扬善的主题。这么一个宝莱坞大片也就没有不红的道理了，虽然长达2小时44分钟，导演玛扎尼每隔十五分钟抖一个包袱，隔二十五分钟来一段舞蹈，加上最后出人意料的结尾，成就了这个出片量惊人的国家2009年的票房冠军。主演是印度一线，男主角阿米尔汗，长的像印度憨豆，还有人说像印度谢耳朵，印度艾米纳姆等等。四十五岁高龄却能完全胜任一个愣头青大学生的角色。女主角出身电影世家，演过许多印度当红影片。《三傻》说的是是印度电影里不太多见的喜感校园青春，青春片是近几年泰国电影相当痴迷的一类影片，像《小情人》《爱在暹罗》《爱久弥新》《荷尔蒙》，以清新的校园风格吸引着众多人的关注。印度电影这种类型的并不多见。故事简单明了戏剧生动，就是三个大学新生历经磨难丰富多彩积极向上的校园生活，这其中出现了很多印度当下的社会问题，教育体制，

印度电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》观后感范文3篇

印度电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》观后感范文3篇印度电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》观后感范文1 看完《三傻大闹宝莱坞》，我的心灵倍受震撼，这次一次心灵的洗礼，我从中体会到了该如何面对生活，如何对待学习，如何对待朋友。每个人都有不同的人生理想和目标，但很多人由于家庭等外在因素而不敢去追求自己的理想，就像在已画好的圈儿中生活。我们要敢于做自己想做的，摆脱掉恐惧，大胆的去挑战自己应该做而一直没有勇气做的事。只要你大胆的迈出第一步，做一次，就会发现其实并没有那么难，我们要努力走出属于自己的道路。 “生活是场赛跑，跑快点，不然你就被别人踩到”这句话在电影中出现很多次。对于我们在校的学生几乎每个人都理解这句话，为了实现这句话，我们就是努力学习。但是大家为了考试取得好成绩，途径通常是背定义，背题，又有几个人去真正理解所学知识的真正含义。我们没有几个人能做到像电影中兰乔说的为将学到新的东西感到激动。我们需要改变传统的束缚我们思想的观念，敢于挑战，敢于创新。亚里士多德曾经说过，“生命的本质在于追求快乐。”而一个人快不快乐完全是由他自己的心态决定的。遇到问题，告诉自己“一切安好”，解决不了问题，也可以给人解决问题的勇气。保持一个良好的心态，有助于我们在生活中乐观的面对生活，快乐将成为人生的主旋律。

“追求卓越，成功就会在不经意间追上你”。我们要不为单纯的追求成功，只为内心对自由的召唤和对优秀的渴望!抛开虚假的生活方式，放下对生活的恐惧;不论发生什么，只要对自己说：“一切安好”,尽力过好当下的每一个片刻! 印度电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》观后感范文2 这是我第一次对电影做一个发自内心的观后感，内心被深深地打动了。看着俗不可耐的电影名字——《三傻大闹宝莱坞》，原本对它没有抱很大的期望，只是吸引我是它的影评高达9.9分，从众和好奇的心理促使我来一窥究竟。宝莱坞的电影通常是音乐片。几乎所有影片中都至少有一段唱歌跳舞的场面。要说的印度电影叫《三傻大闹宝莱坞》，这部电影毫不意外的拥有唱歌跳舞的场面。“七分共鸣、三分感动、一分搞笑”的电影竟然不能用“十分制”来打分了。以嬉闹的行为抵抗印度的填鸭式的教育，不禁有了几分现在我们读书的无思考的获得学位，很有启发性。主人公的口头禅“一切顺利”鼓舞了朋友，不是因为这句话可以解决困难，而是因为记住这句话并不断的告诉自己要有勇气面对一切。影片中的哲理与友谊只有自己才能悟出，片子中让我体会到什么叫喜极而泣，没有半点压抑感却让人看后懂得去体会和回味人生哲理，不仅仅是教育的思考，还有父母、朋友、甚至成功。我们不是为了成功而竞争吗?我们追求高分、追求名次，学完后连最基本的动手操作都不会，试问如何学以致用，影片中在抢救莫娜生小宝宝而快速的动