职称英语等级考试模拟题b

2013年职称英语等级考试模拟题八

（理工类B级）

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. He expressed concern that the ship might be in distress.

A. despair

B. difficulties

C. need

D. danger

2. It's all advisable idea to get out of the dispute.

A. wise

B. urgent

C. useless

D. proper

3. There was no alternative but to close the road.

A. way

B. means

C. choice

D. reason

4. He seems bizarre these days.

A. unusual

B. absent-minded

C. crazy

D. lunatic

5. We're happy to collaborate with you in the project.

A. compete

B. cooperate

C. coordinate

D. contend

6. This text is too difficult to comprehend.

A. understand

B. digest

C. summarize

D. read

7. The room is small but cozy.

A. cold

B. splendid

C. comfortable

D. gorgeous

8. The leader's corruption undermined the image of the company.

A. establish

B. damage

C. strengthen

D. consolidate

9. The novel depicts the history of the nation.

A. narrates

B. illustrates

C. describes

D. exemplify

10. Civil rights are embodied in the platform.

A. included

B. excluded

C. expressed

D. emerged

11. She likes to visit exotic islands.

A. distant

B. interesting

C. remote

D. backwards

12. The food we have is inadequate.

A. too much

B. too many

C. not enough

D. not short

13. Many people in the region have died from the epidemic disease.

A. infectious

B. inferior

C. infinite

D. inevitable

14. She is incapable of doing the demanding job.

A. qualified of

B. incompetent with

C. good at

D. ignorant of

15. It's just a petty mistake.

A. major

B. important

C. serious

D. minor

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Computer Mouse

The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting (涂)，drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics (图形) tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.

The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine (常规) computer tasks.

How does the mouse work We have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts (轴). The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects (发现) a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal (发信号) to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name.

The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.

So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.

16. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer

mouse was invented.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

18. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes

out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty，it has to be replaced

with a new one.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

21. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former

has no moving parts.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段其中四段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

More Rural Research Is Needed Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist,

said demand was growing at % per year, but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.

“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition a nd poverty,” he said.

Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which, in turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s abilit y to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in east Asia, South America and South-East Asia.

The developing world was investing about %, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) on research, and the developed world was spending % of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said

more was needed from all countries.

He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India.

“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said.

Yields of rice, wheat and maize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildl ife, you’re going to have to increase yield,” Dr. Fischer said.

23. Paragraph 1

24. Paragraph 3

25. Paragraph 4

26. Paragraph 7

A. The Same or Improved Food Supply Situation in 2020

B. Research Focus on Increased Yield

C. More Research Funding Needed

D. Local Situations Analyzed

E. Increase in Investment on Agricultural Research

F. Sustained Development of Modern Technologies

27. Dr. Fischer claims that agriculture will continue to develop .

28. Land can be saved for other purposes .

29. The investment can be regarded as efficient .

30. The global decrease in investment should be changed .

A. if we can drive yield up

B. when Mexico, China and India join in the project

C. Sustained Development of Modern Technologies

D. when we use modern technologies and develop new ones

E. when the developed world help the developing world

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste

The withdrawal of Nevada’s Yucca Mountain as a potential nuclear waste repository has reopened the debate over how and where to dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. In an article in the July 10 issue of Science, University of Michigan geologist Rodney Ewing and Princeton University nuclear physicist Frank von Hippel argue that, although federal agencies should set standards and issue licenses for the approval of nuclear facilities, local communities and states should have the final approval on the siting of these facilities. The authors propose the development of

multiple sites that would service the regions where nuclear reactors are located.

“The main goal…, should be to provide the Unied States with multiple process that requires acceptance by host communities and states,” the authors write.

Ewing and yon Hippel also analyze the reasons why Yucca Mountain, selected by Congress in 1987 as the only site to be investigated for long-term nuclear waste disposal, finally was shelved after more than three decades of often controversial debate. The reasons include the site’s geological problems, management problems, important changes in the Environmental Protection Agency’s standard, unreliable funding and the failure to involve local communities in the decision-making process.

Going forward, efforts should be directed at locating storage facilities in the nation’s northeastern, southeastern, midwestern and western regions, and states within a given region should be responsible for developing solutions that suit their particular circumstances. Transportation of nuclear waste over long distances, which was a concern with the Yucca Mountain site, would be less of a problem because temporary storage or geological disposal sites could be located closer to reactors.

“This regional approach would be similar to the current approach in Europe, where spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste from about 150 reactors and reprocessing plants is to be moved to a number of geological repositories in a variety of rock types,” said Rodney Ewing, who has written extensively about the impact of nuclear waste management on the environment and who has analyzed safety assessment criteria for the controversial Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository.

31. Which of the following words can best substitute the word

“withdrawal” in the first paragraph

A. Retirement.

B. Canceling.

C. Replaced.

D. Disposal.

32. According to Rodney Ewing and Frand von Hippel, where to locate nuclear facilities

A. should be approved by the federal government.

B. should be approved by local people and states.

C. should be approved by Congress.

D. is not an important issue.

33. What is NOT true about the 1987 decision by Congress concerning

siting of nuclear waste disposal

A. Yucca Mountain was selected as the only site for a nuclear waste repository.

B. The selection of Yucca Mountain for nuclear waste disposal caused much controversy.

C. The decision by Congress was put aside due to a number of problems.

D. The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities.

34. What does the author of the essay in the fourth paragraph want to say

A. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of

transportation of nuclear waste over long distance.

B. Efforts should be made to develop as many nuclear disposal sites in the US as possible.

C. Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to

suit the circumstances of the region.

D. Efforts should be made to build up temporary nuclear disposal sites as possible.

35. What is meant by “regional approach”as mentioned in the last paragraph

A. Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in

places suitable for the regional circumstances.

B. Geological repositories are located in a variety of rock types.

C. Spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste is moved to developing countries.

D. Waste disposal sites are located far away from reactors. 第二篇

Teaching Math,Teaching Anxiety In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicagol Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills,then her female students

are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.

“If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers in later grades,it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.

Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn－and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word “anxiety” to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.

The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.

The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether

the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.

Boys, on average, were unaffected by a teacher’s anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math－and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.

“This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample,” said David Geary, a psychologist at the University of Missouri in Columbia.

36. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph

A. Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.

B. Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.

C. Female teachers’ math skills have influence over girl students’ math skills.

D. Female teachers’ confidence in their math skills is related to girl’s math skills.

37. What is implied in the third paragraph

A. Math teachers,like math learners,do not like the subject due to its difficulty.

B. A difficult subject like math may affect teachers’ confidence in teaching the subject.

C. Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.

D. Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.

38. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt

A. nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.

B. helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.

C. uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.

D. hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.

39. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings

A. prove a strong link between female teachers’ math anxiety and their female students’ math

achievements.

B. show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female

students.

C. provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.

D. discover a strong link between teachers’ math anxiety and

their students’ math ac hievements.

40. David Geary thinks that

A. the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research

process.

B. the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.

C. the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.

D. the study is well based and produces significant results.第三篇

Hurricane Katrina

A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical storm that can be 124 to l, 240 miles in diameter. The term hurricane is derived from Hurican, the name of a native American storm god. Hurricanes are typical of a calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter, known as the eye. They occur in tropical regions. Over its lifetime, one of these storms can release as much energy as 10, 000 nuclear bombs.

The seed for hurricane formation is a cluster of thunderstorms over warm tropical waters. Hurricanes can only form and be fed when the sea-surface temperature exceeds 27℃and the surrounding

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