(完整版)英文回复信范例ResponseLetter
Dear Editors and Reviewers,
Thank you for your letter and comments on our manuscript titled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China” (FORECO_2017_459). These comments helped us improve our manuscript, and provided important guidance for future research.
We have addressed the editor’s and the reviewers’ comments to the best of our abilities, and revised text to meet the Forest Ecology and Management style requirements. We hope this meets your requirements for a publication.
We marked the revised portions in red and highlighted them yellow in the manuscript. The main comments and our specific responses are detailed below:
Editor:
Please explain how the results in this paper are significantly different from those in Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60.)
Response:We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity about the differences between our study and those in “Zhu, X., He, Z.B., Du, J., Yang, J.J., Chen, L.F., 2015. Effects of thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation in Qilian
Mountains. Forest Research. 28, 55–60” (named “previous article” below). Specifically, we found three main differences in the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture between our study and the “previous article”.
First, the scope of data analysis and use were different:The “previous article” just applied the one growing season data (from June 28th to October 25th 2013) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning and thinned in 20% intensity. In addition, the “previous article” also has not considered the effect of 40% thinning on the soil moisture of the Picea crassifolia plantation. However, in the present study, we applied four years data (from June 27th2012 to October 30th2015 in HD and NF; from January 1th 2014 to October 29th 2015 in MD and LD) from the natural forest and the plantations with no thinning, thinned in 20%, and thinned in 40% intensity to analysis the temporal variability and hydrological responses of soil moisture in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China.
Second, the content of the research was different: The “previous article” only considered the spatial and temporal dynamic changes of soil moisture, but did not involve the inter-annual, and seasonal dynamic changes of the soil moisture. In the present study, however, not only did we considered the effects of thinning on the spatial and temporal dynamic changes,the inter-annual changes, and seasonal dynamic changes of the soil moisture; but we also considered the changes in soil hydrological response after thinning.Our goals were to understand the changes in soil hydrological response and soil moisture dynamics, and to determine whether thinning management can effectively improve the state of soil moisture in the subalpine Picea
crassifolia plantations in the Qilian Mountains.
Third, the research purpose and the result were also different: The mainly purpose of the “previous article” was to preliminary explore the thinning on the plantation forest soil moisture, and they found that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the depth of 60 cm. However, they didn’t point out that which or what the thinning intensity or plantation density can be benefit to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited regions. In this study, not only we did confirmed that the intermediate thinning can significantly increase soil moisture content at the deep soil layer, but we also found that high planting density was the main cause of severe soil moisture deficits in the long-term, and it could be mitigated by 20 -40% thinning (~3139 trees ha-1).In addition, by investigating the effect of thinning on the soil hydrological response, we found that soil hydrological response may be temporarily modified by thinning according to changes in canopy structure, precipitation properties, and antecedent soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture in natural forest rapidly infiltrated into deep soil, which greatly improved the efficiency of precipitation use. Thinning significantly increased the capacity for soil infiltration, and moderate thinning intensity may be conducive to deep soil-water recharge. Further, according to the global circulation prediction models and trend analysis results and weather patterns, deep VSWC may increase if precipitation patterns shift to produce larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and this change will benefit growth of the vegetation planted at higher density in this semi-arid region.
Reviewer 1
I found the topic very interesting. The scientific (experimental) set-up is valid and the data is presented clearly, and analyzed in detail. My detailed comments are all in the attached pdf-file.
Response: Thank you for your encouraging remarks and valuable comments. We corrected our text according to your comments submitted in the attached pdf-file. Our responses to your comments are as follows:
Comments in attached pdf-file
1. Keywords: maybe re-consider “Rainfall”
Response:We fully agree that it is necessary to re-consider “Rainfall” in the Keywords section. In addition, the statement of “Rainfall” was corrected as “Soil hydrological response” (L31).
2. Ln. 37: Expand, i.e. why are these specific regions water-limited.
Response: We apologize for our earlier lack of clarity. To increase clarity, we have
re-written this sentence accordingly, and we have corrected “Grassland afforestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014). However, sustainability of planted forests is severely limited by soil moisture conditions. Soil moisture is fundamental to sustainability in water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014).” as “Grassland afforestation is critical in efforts to prevent wide-spread land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions of China (Chen et al., 2008a; Yang et al., 2014), where rainfall is the main source of soil moisture, and where many vegetation restoration projects were implemented (Li, 2004). However, soil moisture is the most crucial factor to sustainability of planted forests in these water-limited ecosystems (Newman et al., 2006; Yang et al., 2014). (L35-40)”.
3. Ln. 47: What is meant by “statistical moments of soil moisture, such as mean and variance”?
Response: It is meant that changes to canopy structure due to large-scale clearings or intermediate disturbance events may lead to changes in the mean and the variance of the soil moisture. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “Changes to forest canopy structure due to large-scale harvesting may lead to changes in soil properties, residual tree growth, and the mean and the variance of the soil moisture (Chen et al., 1993; Olchev et al., 2009; He et al., 2013; Kaarakka et al., 2014).” (L48-51).
4. Ln. 60: add “ecosystems” (instead of cosystem)
Response:The statement of “cosystem” was corrected as “ecosystems” (L62).
5. Ln. 68: change “determining” to “affecting”
Response:The statement of “determining” was corrected as “affecting” (L71).
6. Ln. 71: Expand this sentence a bit. Growing season – where? At the studied region/area?
Response: To increase clarity, we have re-written this sentence accordingly (L71-75). And our studied region/area is also experiencing this precipitation patterns, with larger but less frequent rainfall events during the growing season, and more frequent extreme hydrological events.
7. Ln. 74–80: Heisler-White, He et al. and Sun et al. →showed where, in what type of ecosystem, how does it relate to the studied one, i.e. elaborate more on how these studies relate to the current one.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L78-80, L83, L85-86).The study of Heisler-White et al. (2008)
provides a background knowledge of the supply of the precipitation on soil profile. The studies of He et al. (2012) and Sun et al. (2015)investigated the soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems (forestland, shrubland, grassland, and meadows) in response to precipitation, which can provide a reference for our research.
提供背景知识，了解降水对土壤的补给情况；He et al. and Sun et al.的研究研究了祁连山天然植被（林地、草地和灌丛）的土壤水分情况，是本文章研究的基础。The response of soil moisture to rainfall event size in subalpine grassland and meadows in a semi-arid mountain range: A case study in northwestern China’s Qilian Mountains
Sun, F., Lü, Y., Wang, J., Hu, J., Fu, B., 2015. Soil moisture dynamics of typical ecosystems in response to precipitation: A monitoring-based analysis of hydrological service in the Qilian Mountains. Catena 129, 63-75.
8. Ln. 98: ponderosa →Ponderosa
Response:The statement of “ponderosa” was corrected as “Ponderosa” (L97).
9. Ln. 118–121: what is meant by “Tianbao”. Re-phrase this sentence, not sure what is meant by “returning the grain areas..” Refers to shift from agriculture to forestry?
Response: Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify,
and now it reads: “In recent decades, with the implementation of projects National Forest Conservation Program, “Grain for Green” program, and others and others, the area of planted vegetation in the Qilian Mountains has increased significantly (Li, 2004), and many semi-arid grasslands were converted to Picea crassifolia plantation forests (He et al., 2012).” (L128-132).
10. Ln. 124: Remove “growth efficiency”
Response: The “growth efficiency” was removed (L134).
11. Ln. 125: What is “weak stability” in this context – soil moisture or something else?
Response:We were happy to clarify the idea of a “weak stability of the ecosystem”, which meant that the stability of the whole ecological system will show a decreasing trend with vegetation succession. To increase the validity of this point, we included literature sources that related to the stability of the ecosystem (Yue and Ma, 1991; Sankaran and McNaughton, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002), and the bases on which stability was evaluated: (1) suitability for local environmental conditions, (2) the resistance to and the ability to recover from an external disturbance, (3) the ability of self-renewal and normal development, and (4) having a relatively stable population structure.
12. Ln. 126: Replace: “enhancement”→“Improving the stability of the system”
Response: The statement of “Enhancement of the stability in this system” was corrected as “Improving the stability of the system” (L136).
13. Ln. 163: What is meant by “limited number of Larix” – maybe add a stem density estimate?
Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We added a stem density to clarify, and now it reads: “The vast, recently afforested areas had a high stand density around 4500 trees ha-1, and contained a limited number of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr trees (around 210 trees ha-1).” (L172-174).
14. Ln. 165: Remove “management”
Response: The “management” was removed (L175).
15. Ln. 166–167: last sentence of the paragraph needs re-phrasing →The thinning aimed to remove poor-growing trees as well those lacking vigor. What is meant by “fish-scale pit”, if this a regional term, define it. Does density in this context refer to stand density (i.e. to the density of the trees in a given area, in the pit)?
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L167-177). The “fish-scale pit” in this study is a regional term and meant that “the pit of the plant trees”. In addition, the density in this context refer to stand density of the trees in a given area.
16. Ln. 169: Rephrase. Maybe something like: “In early August 2013, a survey was carried out in the P. crassifolia plantation and in the nearby/adjacent natural P. crassifolia stand, which at the time of sampling were 31 and 41 years, respectively. Selected stands had similar site conditions.”
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (L182-185).
17. Ln. 176–177: Remove “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August”
Response:The “except for the gathering of wild mushrooms between July and August” was removed (L190).
18. Ln. 198: Change to “a soil pit with the dimensions of”
Response:The statement of “a soil pit with a dimensions of” was corrected as “a soil
pit with the dimensions of” (L210).
19. Ln. 199: Change 5 →“five”
Response:the statements of “5” was corrected as “five” (L212).
20. Ln. 204–205: What is meant by “the accepted range of soil temperature change”?( -40 to +60 C) temperature change in the soil or where? If in the soil, why such extreme numbers?
Response: 这个只是仪器的测定范围，研究区土壤温度在什么什么范围（各个图层的都加加上），所以用该仪器可以保证所测区域温度准确。
21. Ln. 206: Remove “nearly-original”
Response:The “nearly-original” was removed (L?).
22. Ln. 212: Why was this data (2014–2015) not available? Maybe add an explanation.
Response:The 80-cm data from the NF stand were not available for the 2014 and 2015 growing season due to the volumetric water content and temperature ECH2O
sensor at this layer was damaged. And we added an explanation at the line of L225-227.
23. Ln. 214: Equation →equations
Response:The statement of “equation” was corrected as “equations” (L229).
24. Ln. 192: Add “Total nitrogen (Ntot)” use that for total nitrogen rather than “TN” (Ln. 268)
Response: The statement of “total nitrogen” was corrected as “Total nitrogen (N tot)”, and we use “N tot” rather than “TN” in the following parts (L205).
25. Ln. 268: Rephrase so that the reader understands that the SOC and Ntot varied with thinning intensity –maybe →..”soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase.”
Response:Thank you for your valuable suggestions. We amended our text to clarify, and now it reads: “Generally, SOC and N tot in all sampled soil depths tended to decrease with increased thinning intensity, while soil bulk density tended to increase” (MS, L283-284).
26. Ln. 273–274: Rephrase so that there will be less repetition.
Response:We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).这句感觉没有重复。
27. Ln. 287: Considered rephrasing “improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation”. Efficiency of the soil, stand?
Response:thus improving the utilization efficiency of precipitation for soil.
28. Ln. 334–336: Here, the data is well presented, sums the results for the reader (for VSWC)
Response:除了10 cm外，NF在其他各个图层土壤水分最高。Soil moisture content changed drastically after thinning, with a significant decrease near-surface (10 cm), and a significant increase in sub-surface (60 and 80 cm) soil.
29. Ln. 339: Change the other “HD” to “LD” and remove “LD” from the end of the sentence.
Response:We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s
suggestion (L320-322).
30. Ln. 391: One percentage seems to be missing?
Response:查一下文献，加上具体的百分比。Moreover, successive rainfall events enable a faster wetting of canopies, a 391 higher degree of saturation of canopy water storage, and longer periods of 392 throughfall (Crokford and Richardson, 2000; Lozano-Parra et al., 2015).
31. (Ln. 393: Maybe rephrase →Evaporation is limited by energy availability)
Response: According to your suggestions, the statements of “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation from wet surfaces is lower due to limited energy availability” was corrected as “Further, in wet conditions, evaporation is limited by energy availability” (L?-?).
32. Ln. 397: Rephrase: “soil”→“soils”, “has”→“have”
Response:The statement of “soil” was corrected as “soils”, and the statement of “has” was corrected as “have” (L?-?).
33. Ln. 421–425: Repetition here →summarize.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11).
We agree, and we have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L320-322).
We have re-written this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion (L270-281).
34. Ln. 478: “was”→“is”
Response:The statement of “was” was corrected as “is” (L?-?).
35. Discussion-section, although well-written, needs a bit of “compressing”. There are repetitive sentences that can easily be removed. Furthermore, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) should be reported in the results-section.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have made revisions according to your comments (MS, L11). In addition, all the numbers (for example canopy interception ln. 377–378) have been reported in the results-section.
Reviewer 2
General comments:
In manuscript entitled “Temporal variability in soil moisture after thinning in semi-arid Picea crassifolia plantations in northwestern China”, the authors analyzed long-term effects of three thinning intensities in Picea crassifolia plantations on soil hydrological responses and soil moisture dynamics at different soil depths, and compared them to those of a natural Picea crassifolia forest, which is a subject that is of relevance for “Forest Ecology and Management”. This study is valuable and interesting to provide a better understanding of the eco-hydrological consequences of the forest stand thinning in semi-arid grasslands afforestation forest, and I think that this manuscript could be accepted for publication after a moderate revision.
Response: Thank you for the helpful comments, which allowed us to improve our manuscript. We made the revisions accordingly. The main corrections and the responses to your comments follow:
Specific suggestions:
1. Generally, the manuscript is well written and structured, but the manuscript needs careful editing with attention to the use of the term, i.e., P. crassifolia-> Picea crassifolia.
Response: We agree, and we have corrected “P. crassifolia” as “Picea crassifolia” in all parts of this MS (MS, L81-82).
2. L42, the statements of “canopy structures” should be corrected as “canopy structure”.
Response: The statement of “canopy structures” was corrected as “canopy structure” (L44).
3. L63, “many” should be deleted.
Response:“many” was deleted (L65).
4. L113-114, a section in the introduction on the silvics of and soil characteristics preferred by Picea crassifolia would have helped the reader not familiar with the species.
Response:That was an excellent suggestion, and we have added information on silvics and the preferred soil characteristics of Picea crassifolia(L119-122, L619-622).
5. L116-118, I find the reason for spruce decline entirely as a result of exploitation. From 1949 to 1999, the temperature did rise to severely affect the spruce but over cutting and converting to other uses did increase. We too often provide fodder for climate change deniers by over claiming the impact of climate change. Climate
change will impact future spruce stands especially those in the transitional areas.
Response:We agree that, in transitional areas, climate change will also have an important impact on these spruce stands. After careful checking of historical materials, we found that the reduction of the Qinghai spruce forest area was the result of a combination of climate change and human activities. We have re-written this part to clarify this point (L125-126).
6. L120, the statements of “planted” should be corrected as “man-made”. Response: The statement of “planted” was corrected as “man-made” (L128).
7. L121, the “semi-arid grasslands” represents original vegetation or consequence of deforestation and global warming?
Response:Thank you for this observation. In our study area, the semi-arid grasslands are the original vegetation.
8. L125, I do not understand what “weak stability of the ecosystem” is. I think this term needs to be defined and on what basis is it evaluated.
Response:We were happy to clarify the idea of a “weak stability of the ecosystem”, which meant that the stability of the whole ecological system will show a decreasing
trend with vegetation succession. To increase the validity of this point, we included literature sources that related to the stability of the ecosystem (Yue and Ma, 1991; Sankaran and McNaughton, 1999; Jiang et al., 2002), and the bases on which stability was evaluated: (1) suitability for local environmental conditions, (2) the resistance to and the ability to recover from an external disturbance, (3) the ability of self-renewal and normal development, and (4) having a relatively stable population structure.
9. L148-150, as the climate is changing over what years are these long-term climatology values calculated for?
Response: These long-term climatology values were calculated from years 1994 to 2014 (L158).
10. In L156, L160 “shaded and semi-shaded”, these were unclear to me. Did they represent slope aspect？How did you define them? Thus, it is necessary to explain them in detail.
Response:In the study, north-facing slopes were defined as shaded, south-facing slopes were defined as sunny, southeast-facing or south by southwest-facing slopes were defined as semi-sunny, and northwest-facing slopes or northeast by north-facing slopes defined as semi-shady. We clarify this in the manuscript as well (L177-180).
11. L161, what is the approximate total area? What is the proportion of afforested grasslands in relation to the original area.
Response: We determined from statistics published by a local forestry bureau that the grassland accounted for about 45% of the study area, and the proportion of afforested grasslands in relation to the original area was about 50% (L134-137).
12. Site description (L144-167), this parts should include the description of the soil properties in study area.
Response: We agree with the reviewer's comments and added the description of the soil properties in Site description section (L?-?).
13. L169-170, how did you estimate the stand age? For this study, correctly determining the stand age of the nature and plantation forest are critical to provide a forest management reference in this semi-arid region.
Response:首先是通过当地林业部门的造林资料进行了解；其次，通过树芯来判断林龄。
14. L173, whether natural forest is thinning or not? Unclear.
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Dear Prof. Herthwell, 亲爱的Herthwell教授： Many thanks for your kind hospitality and the honor you showed me during our delegation’s recent visit to your university. It was nice of you to introduce me to so many famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university. We had a safe and sound trip home. Now we have resumed our work. 非常感谢你的盛情款待，以及在你在我们的代表团最近访问你的大学时对我们的尊敬。谢谢你把我介绍给那么多您大学里的知名教授和著名的学者。我们已经平安愉悦得回到家了。现在，我们继续我们的工作了。 Meanwhile, I hope you will someday pay a short visit to our university and give us some lectures on “Modern Western Economics”. 同时，我希望有一天你能够对我校进行一个短暂的访问并给我们开一些关于“现代西方经济学”的讲座。 Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China. 如果你要我为你在中国做些事情，请不要犹豫，写信给我。 Best wishes, Li Dong
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的城市中生活艰难。此外，到目前为止，我没有机会负责任何具有挑战性的工作。 我为对此可能给您带来的不便致歉。 您真诚的， 李明 Dear Mr. Smith, I am sorry to inform you by this letter that I plan to resign my present job in the next month. The main reason is that I will move to Qingdao to live permanently with my family, as Qingdao is my 1 hometown. Looking back upon my five-year experience in this organization, I have had a very happy and enjoyable time working with you and other colleagues, from whom I have received lots of help and have learnt much. Please accept my sincere gratitude, as well as my regret for not being able to serve here any I longer. Yours faithfully, Li Ming 尊敬的史密斯先生： 通过这封信我很遗憾地告诉您我计划在下个月辞去目前的工作，
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英文感谢信万能句子 1.感谢信英文格式 2.英文感谢信常用句型 3.英文的感谢信范文 4.感谢信英文的万能句子 感谢信英文格式 一、信函写作：称呼、正文、落款 1、审题—-判断是个人书信&事务公函 决定： 语域使用：正式：使用礼貌表达，不用缩略语(对公) 半正式：可以使用缩略和口语表达(对私) 非正式：(一般不考)——it depends 呼语：特定的写信对象：dear xx 不明确收信人：dear sir/madam, or to whom it may concern 2、正文 三段(8句)：写作目的段、细化段、感谢或者期待。 3、各种信函内容安排 8)感谢信
a.基本结构 dear…, 表示感谢; 感谢缘由及内心感受,希望回报; 再次感谢，寄予希望。 yours sincerely, li ming b.范文解析： dear jim, i am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. i am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when i was knocked off my bike by a taxi. if it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, i fear that the consequences might have been much more serious. everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome. although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach. if there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place. yours sincerely,
商务英文道歉信
apologize letter __ business english_ by lqy dear sir or madam, i’m writing this letter to apologize to you. i’m so sorry that we made a mistake about the shipment of vacuum cleaners. those vacuum cleaners we sent to you were meant to be sent to european countries, but as the old worker was retired, the new one wasn’t so experienced. besides, the model number and the price of goods in march and july are so similar that the worker mistaken them. i do apologize for any inconvenience this may cause you and i will try my best to avoid the same accident happening again.篇二：职场商务必备写作模板：英语致歉信 怎么写？ via安格英语 职场商务必备写作模板：英语致歉信怎么写？ 在日常工作中难免会犯一些差错，学会正确的补救方法很重要。首先，我们要做的就是 致歉。你会写英语致歉信吗？在致歉信中道歉更重要还是提出解决方案更重要？如何在致歉 信中表达出自己的歉意让对方欣然接受呢？在本篇文章中，安格英语老师将以两则工作中常 见的错误为例，教大家如何写好英语致歉信。 模拟场景一：因发票有误致歉(apologies for an incorrect invoice) dear mr. hunnicutt, we shall send you the correct invoice as soon as possible and make sure that such a mistake will not occur again. please accept my apologies for any inconvenience we have caused. your sincerely, peter gibson accounts manager **new words: invoice n.发票 breakdown n.故障 discount n.折扣 在以上的英语道歉信中首先作者针对出现的问题道歉，并解释了错误产生的原因。随后 另起一段提供解决建议，最后礼貌结尾。安格英语老师提示，在写道歉信时，解决问题的目的应该高于道歉本身。因此，在道歉信中给出解决方案是每一位上班族都要学会的一点。 下面，让我们再来看一则关于国际贸易中因货物质量不符的致歉信： dear mr. black, we acknowledge that there are indeed some discrepancies between the shipping instructions and the actual shipment. therefore, there will be a shortage in your may shipment. we are very sorry for causing you so much trouble in your monthly reports. efforts are now being made to establish procedures that will alleviate this situation. your cooperation and patience in these respects would be greatly appreciated. sincerely yours, oliver lee assistant manager **new words: acknowledge v.承认，告知已收到
英语感谢信万能模板(共6篇)
英语感谢信万能模板(共6篇) Directions: After being involved in an accident, you were looked after by Mr. Shakespeare. Write a special letter to express your thanks. Dear Mr. Shakespeare, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi. If it had not been for your timely assistance in giving me first aid, I fear that the consequences might have been much serious. Everyone agrees that it was your quick-witted response in that emergency that has led to this satisfactory outcome. Although nowadays people in mounting numbers talk about the need to be unselfish, we see very few people practice what they preach. If there were more people like you, this world would be a much nicer place. 感谢信 感谢信主要组成部分： 1 开门见山地交代写信目的 引出感谢
9种常用英文信件写作介绍2
9种常用英文信件写作介绍 1、投诉信 A、开头：自我介绍，交代投诉内容，表明本信的目的和要求。 B、正文：说明情况，讲清利害，分析利弊。告诉对方你因此受到的伤害或不便，提出解决问题的建议，表明希望如何处理。 C、结尾：表达希望问题得到迅速恰当解决的强烈愿望。希望尽快得到满意的答复。 D、常用句型： I am writing to you to complain about… I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at… I beg to call your attention to the fact that… I wish to refer you to an incident which occurred…, calling for some remedial action. I very much regret to have to inform you that… I am totally/completely disappointed/upset to find… I find it awful/quite distressing that… My experience in…on…(date) shocked me. I can hardly put up with it. There are some problems with the …that I wish to bring to attention. For one thing, there is…, For another, ….. I can hardly stand/bear/tolerate/put up with it any more. To improve the situation/solve the above problem, it is advisable for you to take the following measures:… I look forward to a day when we could really enjoy a more efficient service. I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible. If it is not properly settled, I would ask you to give my money back, or I would complain to the Consumer’s Association. I request you to be kind enough to solve the problem as soon as possible. 2、咨询信、请求信、说明信 A、开头：简要告知身份，表明写信原因或请求。 B、正文：详细阐明询问、请求的具体内容、希望获得的信息。说明信应写明原因、实情及希望对方做些什么。强调所需信息/帮助的重要性（按要求）。 C、结尾：表达谢意，希望得到对方回复、帮助或合作。 D、常用句型： I would like to inquire about some information concerning/regarding… I am writing in the hope that you can… I am writing because I would like to… Needless to say, your approval of my request will be beneficial not only to myself but to the company. Could you tell me what I have to do to… It is sincerely requested that you… My first question is that … Should I need to send further materials, please let me know. If additional information is required, please advise me at your early
英文感谢信范文10篇
哂猟湖仍佚袈猟?汇?? thank you for interview ii dear (bosss name)? i am convinced that i could make an impact and add value as a (job title) in your department。 as we reviewed my background? i hope that you came to a similar conclusion。 it was indeed a pleasure to discuss the opportunities with you。 i thank you again for the opportunity and look forward to our next interaction。 sincerely? (signature) 哂猟湖仍佚袈猟?屈?? dear prof。 herthwell? 牌握议herthwell缩娩? many thanks for your kind hospitality and the honor you showed me during our delegation’s recent visit to your university。 it was nice of you to introduce me to so many famous professors and celebrated scholars at your university。 we had a safe and sound trip home。 now we have resumed our work。 喷蛍湖仍低议腹秤锤棋?参式压低压厘断议旗燕妖恷除恵谅低议寄侥扮斤厘断议恊彰。谨仍低委厘初府公椎担谨艇寄侥戦议岑兆缩娩才广兆议侥宀。厘断厮将峠芦噪埣谊指欺社阻。缓震?厘断写偬厘断议垢恬阻。 meanwhile? i hope you will someday pay a short visit to our university and give us some lectures on modern western economics。
英语道歉信格式
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英文书信格式及范文
英文书信格式及范文 一、英文书信的结构 二、书信作文的出题形式和写作要领 三、书信作文练习及其参考范文 书信是重要的交际工具。英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信，可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信，或询问、答复、反映意见（如投诉信）等的信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。这两类书信各有自己的格式。一般说来，私人信件不拘形式，信文多用手写，也可打印；公务信件要求比较严格，必须遵循一定的格式，信文一定要打印。 第一节英文书信的结构 英文书信一般由以下六部分组成：信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结尾、签名。 5.1.1 信头（Heading） 信头是指发信人的地址和日期，通常写在第一页的右上角。行首可以齐头写，也可以逐行缩进写。地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省（州）、邮编、国名，最后写发信日期。私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。例如：
123 Tianhe Road Tianhe District Guangzhou 510620 Guangdong Province P. R. C. Jan. 8, 2010 5.1.2 信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址要写收信人的姓名和地址。在公务信件中要写明这一项，在私人信件中，这一项常常省略。该项写在写信日期下一行的左上角，格式与寄信人地址一样。 5.1.3 称呼（Salutation） 称呼是对收信人的称谓，应与左边线对齐，写在收信人姓名、地址下面1-2行处。在称呼后，英国人常用逗号，美国人则常用冒号。在私人信件中可直呼收信人的名字，但公务信件中一定要写收信人的姓。大部分信件在称呼前加“Dear”。如： Dear Professor/Prof. Bergen: Dear Dr. Johnson, 对不相识的人可按性别称呼： Dear Sir: 或Dear Madam: Dear Ladies。 如果不知收信人的性别则可用Dear Sir or Madam: 5.1.4 正文（Body of Letter） 正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是，英文书信的正文的开
英文感谢同学的感谢信4篇
英文感谢同学的感谢信4篇 第1篇：给同学的英文感谢信
大学英语感谢信范文汇总
大学英语感谢信范文汇总 篇一：英语作文感谢信 1）感谢信的写法 人们在交往中常需要相互致谢，收到别人赠送的礼物，得到别人的帮助、受到别人的慰问，都应该表示感谢。感谢信是人们常用的一种感谢方式。 感谢信最主要的特点是真诚。缺乏真挚的感情答谢他人，收信人将对你的谢意产生怀疑，感谢的目的也就失去了。因此，写感谢信首先得真心诚意。 感谢信另一个特点是具体。写感谢信切忌泛泛而谈，而应着重于具体的感谢事由。 其次一个特点是及时。收到别人礼物、得到别人帮助，应及时写信予以答谢。否则，人家会对你的谢意大打折扣。 收到他人赠送的礼物应当及时写封感谢信，感谢信除了应写得真诚、具体、及时外，还应当特别提及所收礼物的具体内容，否则，泛泛而谈，使人觉得你不够真诚。为此，当你写感谢信时，应这样写：“thank you for your beautiful roses.”(谢谢您送的美丽的玫瑰花。)；而不要笼统地写上“thank you for your beautiful gift.”(谢谢您送给我的漂亮礼物。)，这样，使人觉得你既礼貌，又诚心，从而真正达到交往的目的。下面我们来看看具体的范例。 范例1
dear laura, igifts i ever got.非常感谢你给我寄来的礼物，这是我收到的最好礼物之一。 many thanks for all the good things you have done in helping us to...非常感谢您为帮助我们所做的一切。 篇二：感谢信英语作文 dear mary, in this letter i would like to convey my heart felt thanks to you for your books about bandfour to me. the book is very useful especially for my reading and writing. i want to buy this book for a long time. your generous help and tender care made me feel warmly. i feel obliged to thank you once more. sincerely yours, tom. 篇三：感谢信英文 dear mary, i wouldl ike to thank you for your warmheart help last term. i couldnt have passed the cetband4, if not had received your reference book on english learning. it is more necessary to appreciate you because of your tender care and perfect consideration for me. i would
高中生英语作文书信格式及范文
书信格式一般格式个部分：英文书信的构成可分6 (Heading) 信头(inside Name and Address) 收信人姓名及地址(Salutation) 称呼 (Body of the letter) 信文 (Complimentary close ) 结束语 (Signature) 署名 (Heading) 信头(1) 信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址以及日期。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写 英寸，占二三行或四行均可，格式如1)在信的右上角，离开信纸的顶头约(打字，手写均可下：256 West Nanjing Street Nanchang, Jiangxi Province China Sep. 3rd, 2000 注意：写地址的次序与中文不同，应先写门牌号码街道，然后城市和国名。 写日期注意下列各点： ①年份应写全，例如不能用“00”来代替“2000”。 ②月份应写英文名称，除May, June, July外，可用缩写，如：Sep., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替，如7/4/00或7, 4, 00，因为在英国此日期代表7th April, 2000，而在美国则代表4th July, 2000。 ③日期可用1，2，3，4…11，12…21，22…31等，也可用1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th…11th, 21st, 22nd, 31st等。 日期的几种写法： a. July 7, 1998 b. 1st October, 1998 c. 30 Nov., 1997 d. Sep. 3rd, 1999 ④特别注意英文书信日期应紧着写信人地址下一行，不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后，这是很多学生的常见错误。 (2) 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address) 写信人的地址和日期写好以后，接着就要写收信人的姓名和地址，一般的事务信件或给较生疏的朋友的信件要写，而在给较熟的朋友的信中则可省去。这一项写在日期下一行的左上角。收信人姓名写一行，收信人地址可分两行或三行写，和写信人的地址一样，上下可取齐，也可向右缩进。在姓名前一般要加上称号，称号因人而异。 ①对普通男子用Mr.； ②对未婚女子用Miss；
英文感谢信例文
感谢信开头段常用句式和套话 i am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for...i am writing to express my thanks for... i am writing to show my sincere appreciation for...i would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for... i feel deeply indebted to you and i really dont know how to thank you enough for your help. 感谢信结尾段常用句式和套话 i must thank you again for your generous help.i am most grateful for your selfless donation. my true gratitude is beyond the words description.i feel most obliged to thank you once more.please accept my gratitude, now and always.★例： directions: after being involved in an accident, you were looked after by another person. write a letter: 1) mentioning what happened in the accident, 2) telling the person about your recovery, and 3) expressing your thanks. you should write with no less than 100 words on answer sheet 2. do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use li ming instead. you do not need to write the address. 范文： dear john, i am writing to thank you for looking after me after that unfortunate accident the other day, when i was knocked off my bike by a taxi. if it had not been for your assistance in giving me first aid and taking me to a nearby hospital, i fear that the consequences might have been much more serious dear staff， abundant thanks to each one of you for your patience, expertise and genuine concern. it was you who helped me believe in myself and gave me assurance that i could walk again. i would never forget each word you said to me and the things you have done to me. forgive me for the times i lashed out at you in frustration and thank you for understanding and remaining firm with me. never stop your beautiful way of working with people. your help really means a lot to me and anyone who in trouble as well. affectionately, wang fang 译文 亲爱的全体工作人员： 我写这封信是为了表达我对你们的真诚感谢。现在我又可以一个人在家了，我真的非常高兴。我在康复中心接受你们的关照时，就已经决心只要一有时间就给你们写感谢信了。 对于你们每个人的耐心、专业精神和关心我表示深深地感谢。是你们使我相信自己能够站着走路。你们说的每一句话、做过的每一件事我都不会忘记。请原谅我在受挫时对你们大发脾气，谢谢你们的理解和对我的严格要求。 继续你们美丽的事业吧。你们的帮助对于我和其他需要帮助的人来说有着非常重要的意