高中英语情态动词讲解

知识精要

情态助动词是近几年来高考的重点考查项目。对情态助动词的考查主要围绕其推测和可能性的用法而展开。此外，对个别助动词的特殊用法要熟练掌握。

1.表示能力，意为“能，会”，用can, could, be able to均可，could是can的过去式。区别是：can只有过去时could，而be able to有多种时态。

John can speak three foreign languages fluently.

约翰能流利地说三门外语。

John could swim when he was four.

约翰四岁时就会游泳。

I regretted that I hadn’t been able to drive him home.

我后悔我没能开车送他回家。

Will you be able to help me learn English tomorrow?

明天你能帮助我学习英语吗？

2.表示请求或允许，意为“可以”时，用can、could或may均可，只不过can比may更正式，could比can语气更委婉。Can I park my car in front of your office?

我能把我的车停在你的办公室前面吗？

----Could I use your bike now?

----Certainly. Go ahead.

May I have a look at the photos that you took yesterday?

我能看一下你昨天拍的照片吗？

3. must, can, may/might表推测时的用法。

表推测时must用于肯定句，can用于疑问句和否定句，may/might用于肯定句和否定句。must用于否定句时不表推测，表示“禁止，千万不做…”。

The man standing over there must be a doctor.

站在那边的那个男子一定是个医生。

The man standing over there can’t be a doctor.

站在那边的那个男子不可能是个医生。

He may be out now.

他可能出去了。

I think you mustn’t change the way that you live.

我想你千万不要改变你的生活方式。（这句中的must不表推测，表禁止。）

can和may表推测都可用于否定句，但can’t的意思是“不可能”，may not的意思是“可能不”。可见can’t的否定意味更强。

A teacher like her may not be popular with the students.

像她这样的老师可能不会受到学生的欢迎。

A teacher like her can not be popular with the students.

像她这样的老师不可能会受到学生的欢迎。

4.can和may都可以用于肯定句中表示可能性，注意它们的的区别。

can表示可能性时是“理论上的（或逻辑上的）可能性”，并不是说话人的主观猜测，意为“有时会…”。may表示的是“现实的可能性”。

In the north of Canada it can snow in June.

在加拿大的北部六月份有时会下雪。

The road is narrow and it can be blocked sometimes.

这条路窄，有时会堵车。

Jane has promised she will be here at 8:30,but it is 9:00 now and she hasn’t turned up. The road may be blocked.

简答应8：30到这儿，但现在9：00了她还没到。路上可能堵车了。

5. shall是近几年全国各省市高考中考查频率较高的一个重点情态助动词。主要掌握以下内容：shall与第一人称搭配，用于

疑问句，表提出请求或征求意见；与二、三人称搭配，用于陈述句（肯定句和否定句），表警告、威胁、允诺、命令、强制、决心等。

Shall he open the window?

他打开窗户好吗？（表征求意见）

You shall get the justice that you want.

你会得到你想要的公平。（表允诺）

You shall not use my camera if you don’t use it properly.

如果你不正确使用，我不会让你使用我的照相机（表警告）

No, he shan’t go.

不! 他不能去。（表命令）

Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.

什么也阻挡不了我们实施这项计划。（表决心）

6. must和should推测之外的用法。

上面讲了must在肯定句中表推测的用法，must在肯定句中还有“必须”的用法。注意二者不要混淆。另外，must还有“偏偏，非要做…”的意思。

We must do everything step by step.

我们一定要一步一个脚印地做每一件事情。

If you must smoke, please go outside.

如果你非要抽烟，请出去。

When everybody was in bed, he must turned the radio on.

大家都上床睡觉了，他偏偏把收音机打开了。

should表示吃惊、赞叹、不满等情绪，也是近几年来的高考热点。

It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years.

这几年你们有了这么大的成就真了不起。

You can’t imagine a gentleman like him should treat a lady so rudely.

你想象不出来象他这样一位绅士竟然会如此粗鲁地对待一位女士。

7.need和dare即可以作情态助动词，也可以作实义动词。

need用作情态助动词时，无人称、数、时态的变化，主要用于否定句和疑问句。

You don’t need to do it yourself.

你不必亲自去做这件事。（实义动词）

You needn’t do it yourself.

你不必亲自去做这件事。（情态助动词）

dare用作情态助动词时，无人称、数的变化，但有过去时态，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。

You should dare to say no to her requirement.

你应该敢于拒绝她的要求。（实义动词）

You daren’t say no to her requirement.

你不敢拒绝她的要求。（情态助动词）

8.情态助动词+ have done sth.

情态助动词+ have done sth. 表示对过去(而不是现在或将来)应该发生而未发生的事情的态度和推测，不同的情态助动词表示不同的意思，这也是近几年来高考的热点。

should/ought to have done sth. 表示过去本应该做某事而事实上未做。

I should have driven her home yesterday evening.

昨天晚上我该开车送她回家了。（事实上没有送她回家）

shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done sth. 表示过去本不应该做某事而事实上做了

You shouldn’t have had a quarrel with her.

你不该与她吵架了。（事实上与她吵过了）

need have done sth. 表示过去本有必要做某事而事实上未作

You need have met her at the station.

你很有必要到车站接她了。（事实上没去车站接她）

needn’t have done sth. 表示过去本无必要做某事而事实上做了

You needn’t have cleaned the room for me.

你不必为我打扫房间了。（事实上已打扫了）

could have done sth. 表示过去本可以做某事而事实上未做

I wasn’t busy then and you could have asked me for help.

我当时不忙，你本来可以向我求助的。（事实上未向我求助）

注意：上述表达都是虚拟语气，与事实相反。而must have done sth.和can’t have done sth.只是对过去事情的推测，不表示与事实相反。

The ground is wet and it must have rained last night.

地湿了，昨天夜里一定下雨了。

His bike is here and he can’t have gone back home.

他的自行车还在这儿，他不可能回家了。

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