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中学英语阅读理解题的解题技巧

中学英语阅读理解题的解题技巧
中学英语阅读理解题的解题技巧

中学英语阅读理解题的解题技巧

摘要:阅读是理解和吸收书面信息的基本方式之一,英语阅读理解是综合考查学生初步运用英语能力的有效手段。在平时教学过程中,引导学生清楚英语阅读理解的考查内容,掌握解题步骤,明确答题注意事项,可有效提高学生的解题效率。

关键词:阅读理解解题步骤注意事项

英语阅读训练是对学生进行素质培养的一个重要环节。学生对英语阅读理解能力的强弱反映了其综合能力和素质的高低,决定了他能否运用英语知识和阅读技能理解英语书面材料。阅读理解的过程本身就是认识的过程。《中学英语课程》提出:中学英语教学要发展学生听、说、读、写的基本技能,培养在口头上和书面上初步运用英语进行交际的能力,侧重培养学生的阅读能力,形成有效的学习策略,为他们的可持续发展奠定基础。

英语阅读理解是集语音、语法、词汇、短语等基础知识于一体,综合考查学生初步运用英语能力的有效手段。在近几年的泉州市中考试题中,阅读理解无论是从篇幅上还是从分值上都占据重要地位。此类试题题型主要有:A.根据短文判断正误;B和C.阅读短文,选择正确答案;D.阅读短文,

选择正确的句子,使短文正确无误(句子还原);E.任务型阅读等。测试重点有时间地点、人物身份、职业爱好、学习策略、天文地理、文学历史、社会生活、环境保护、风土人情、科普知识等一些细节问题及对全文整体意义的理解,已由考短文的表层现象改为对文章深层含义的理解、归纳、推理、联想和判断能力进行考查。这种实质上的变化对学生提出了更高的要求,平时就要掌握阅读的一些技巧。下面笔者就阅读理解的考查内容、解题步骤及其注意事项谈谈看法。

一、阅读理解的考查内容

阅读理解试题主要用来测试学生的阅读速度、理解能力和记忆能力。它要求学生阅读所给短文,弄清所给材料,了解作者的写作意图和写作态度。这类题型涉及的内容广泛、题材各异。从中考试题看,阅读理解题考查的内容主要有以下方面。

1.文章重点细节和事实的考查。做这类题时,学生一定要抓住文中事件发生的时间、地点、人物、事件发展过程和结局五个环节,所有答案一定要符合原文,切不可望文生义或主观臆断。

2.词义或句意的考查。这些词往往不只是体现表层意义,还具有深层意义,要求学生通读全文判断其意义,或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义。

3.文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要考查学生对

文章的理解程度,学生只有理解了作者的写作目的、文章的中心思想、段落大意之后,才能做出正确选择。

4.结论或推论性考查。这类试题的答案选择无所谓正确和错误之分,而是最佳和非最佳之差。学生必须读懂通篇文章,弄懂作者的写作要旨,按照文章事件发生的过程和逻辑关系,才能做出符合原文逻辑主旨的结论或推论。

5.正误判断推理的考查。正误判断推理主要考查学生对文章具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般根据文章的事实或细节,给出一个句子,判断其正误。这类题比较直接,难度相对较小。做此类题时,应先看题,后带着“问题”快速阅读短文,寻找所需要的信息。

二、阅读理解的解题步骤

1.先看题干,带着问题阅读

浏览文章前,应先将文章后面的问题阅读一遍,了解试题题干及各项选项所包含的信息,这样阅读时才能做到心中有数,才能有针对性地捕捉信息,既节省了时间,又提高了效率。

2.细读全文,捕捉信息

有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对题干中的有关信息进行快速定位,再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比。这就要求学生仔细阅读全文,掌握大意,了解作者的观点和写作意图,注意事情的起因、时间、地点、人物及结局,特别注意

首句和结尾句,抓住中心句。阅读理解的短文一般不给题目,这就给学生快速了解全文的中心思想增加了一定的困难。在这种情况下,应特别注意首段和尾段或每一自然段的首句及结尾句。因为首、尾段和首、尾句往往是作者要说明的对象或事件的起因,或作者阐述自己的观点,或事件发生的时间、地点与人物的关系,结尾是事件的结论或作者表达的态度、意图、目的等。

3.分析信息,推敲答案

在弄清了阅读理解题的实质后,就可根据输入的信息确定答案。学生必须根据某些关键词语和文章内涵,运用文章所提供的全部信息,参考作者的思路和意图,利用自己掌握的常识进行分析、推理、推敲,最后选定答案。

4.复查全文,检查答案

这是最后一步,也是最重要的一环,不能疏忽。在阅读和答题时,学生的大脑已经输入了不少信息,这时很有必要把所有的信息归纳整理,重新再读一遍短文检查答案,看是否前后一致,意义和语言知识是否和原文相符,是否符合逻辑,若发现错误,则要及时纠正。

三、阅读理解的注意事项

1.忌不带问题阅读

做题时,应引导学生先把所给问题浏览一遍,然后带着问题阅读,边读边选出考查表层情况问题的答案,从而提

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