当前位置：搜档网 › 从中英文差异来看翻译

从中英文差异来看翻译

龙源期刊网 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6a9913987.html,

从中英文差异来看翻译

作者：何洁

来源：《学习导刊》2013年第06期

【摘要】在进行中英互译的时候需要考虑一下两种语言的差异。虽然实践对翻译有很重要的影响，但是理论也是必不可少的。本文参照Lawrence Venuti的同化异化理论和Eugene Nida 的功能对等理论，结合L. G. Alexander编写的新概念第三册的文章，就英翻中的一些技巧进行探讨。本文旨在客观呈现中英文的区别，并通过应用翻译理论充分传递原文的意思。

【关键词】语言；翻译；同化；异化；功能对等

1. 简介

不能否认语言之间还是存在一些共同点，但是更多的是一些不可逾越的差异的鸿沟。在翻译过程中，源语言和目标语言的差异应该被考虑进来。同时还应该利用一些翻译理论为指导，尤其当两种语言在思维方式和措辞风格等方面存在差异。

2. 翻译中的同化和异化

Lawrence Venuti 提出同化和异化的翻译理论，同化这一翻译策略主要是用易懂流利的语

言来进行翻译，尽量使目标语言的读者不感觉到源语言的生疏。异化则故意保留源语言的风格，甚至打破目标语言的一些惯例。

2.1 同化

同化理论能够将翻译最大限度地接近目标语言读者的思维方式。为了更好地解释这个理论在翻译实践中的意义，很有必要先分析一下中文的某些差异，因为差异导致按照源语言的表达习惯进行的翻译会很难被理解，从而需要按目标语言进行同化翻译。

2.1.1 中英句法的差异

英语句子常常由好几个从句和复句构成，将不同的主体粘连到一个长句中，即化零为整。但是汉语句子通常不长，邻近的句子之间通过不同的主体分开，也就是化整为零。

例如：“T he hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw “a large cat” only five yards away from her.”（L. G. Alexander，1997）在这句话中有好几个主体，第一层面：“hunt for the puma” began in a “village”，“a woman”saw “a large cat” 第二层面：The “woman” lives in the “village”.通过“where”引导的定语从句，两个层面的句子连在了一起，第二个层面成为修饰语。

英语四级满分作文附翻译欣赏

英语四级满分作文附翻译欣赏英语作文作为英语四级考试的一个重要题型，想要提高英语作文写作能力，那就要多学习优秀范文的写作技巧。下面为大家带来英语四级满分作文，希望对大家有所帮助。 Internet does exert such a profound effect on our life that it revolutionizes the way of people’s living and thinking. As is subtly revealed in the portrayal，there are two parents sitting in the front of computer，who are chatting with their child on the internet. What a meaningful picture! 互联网也产生了深刻影响我们的生活，它变革了人们的生活方式和思维方式。正如在描绘中所揭示的那样，在电脑前有2个父母坐在电脑前，他们在网上和孩子聊天。一幅有意义的画! From my perspective, the electronic contact cannot replace face to face communication owing to the following factors. To begin with, over-reliance on electronic contact will damage the interpersonal relationship, for the cold machine never replaces a warm-hearted greeting face to face. For example, the aged parents would like their only son who works far away home to come back home more often rather than to talk with him on the internet occasionally.

英语美文欣赏带翻译

Friends or 'Enemies?' When I was younger, my Dad used to tell me: "Boys don't want to be your friend." He then left the rest to my imagination. At the time, I didn't agree. I thought: I can crack a good joke, I know how to shoot a hoop, and I'm a cheerful person (but not in an annoying way). What kind of boy wouldn't want to be around that kind of girl? Turns out, my Dad was right. Not to be all "Samantha Brick" about it, but in my experience, single, heterosexual men aren't actively looking for an exclusively platonic relationship with a woman they find sexually attractive. This of course is not a revolutionary concept. In fact, it seems pretty natural to me. Now, I will be the first to say that it is really and truly the most wonderful thing in the world if the attraction is mutual. But the Powers That Be seem to like to play these complicated little mating games with humans where the guy we want to re-enact scenes from 9? Weeks with sees our attractiveness level as akin to that of a discarded dishcloth, and the most physical we could see ourselves being with the guy who actually likes us is a game of ping pong over an especially long table. All of which means that someone usually ends up getting rejected. I'm sure I'm not alone when I say I have struggled with the scenario where I am not interested in a man romantically, but I want to keep him as a friend because he is funny and I enjoy his company, or he has shown himself to be that rare specimen known as "a nice, genuine person, " or he simply doesn't mention his therapist in every other sentence. Rather than string him along and give him hope, I feel compelled to somehow communicate to him sooner rather than later that we'll just be staying friends, nothing more. Otherwise, I think I am being unfair to him. Why should he waste his romantic stamina on me when there are loads of other single women out there who might fall instantly in love with him? The thing is, it can sometimes be tricky to reject a man and keep him as a friend. If the operation is not executed carefully, you may end up creating a "menemy." It requires a certain amount of skill to be able to turn down a man's sexual advances or romantic gestures and then get him to agree to meet you for blueberry pancakes the following weekend and chat about the latest Woody Allen film. Some men aren't satisfied with just that. I'm not clear why. What's so bad about friendship? Everyone needs buddies. But I've seen men react poorly or simply fall off the face of the earth. I get it -- their feelings are hurt. None of us likes getting rejected. But in my experience, some men find it especially soul-crushing. I am only bringing all of this up because I recently had to go through this scenario again. I had spent some time cultivating a friendship with a man who, in my defense, I thought was gay. So I didn't see the harm in him buying me the occasional falafel, or accepting an invitation to see a film with him. Isn't that what friends are for? But a mutual friend shed light on his sexual orientation (straight) and suggested that his intentions -- and attentions -- weren't platonic. He had never "made the moves" but now it was all crystal clear -- that explains the way he had looked at me that time the tahini sauce dribbled down my chin! Since he had clearly been too timid to express his feelings, I thought I would be clever this time and subtly mention the dates I had been going on, focusing on the one guy I was kind of keen on, so that he would know that I was "unavailable" for heavy petting and those sorts of activities, but that I was available for things like roller skating, falafel-eating and shooting the breeze. Doesn't that sound nice? That way, he would known not to try to lean in for a kiss, and I wouldn't have to pull the Stevie Wonder dance and dodge him went he went for it. It was like pre-rejection, yet I was sparing his feelings because he didn't even have to put himself out there! I really thought I was being brilliant. It backfired, of course. Said man ended up sending me an email rant accusing me of being insensitive by talking about other men when he had "feelings for me." As if I am psychic, by the way, just because I am a woman! How was I supposed to know that? I think in his mind we were dating. In my mind, he was my new gay BFF. In the end, I got mad at him for getting mad at me, and now the friendship has ended. And I have created yet another "menemy." Look, I have also tried the direct thing: "I really like you, but only as a friend, " but you can only do that when the guy has made his intentions clear, and in my experience, they either cope okay (though rarely do I feel much enthusiasm for friendship after that), or they really don't cope well. I also tried the thing where you make them think they are rejecting you, but it gets quite confusing and only works if the guy isn't very sharp, and why would I -- or you -- be hanging out with someone not that sharp in the first place? As we all remember, Billy Crystal's character says men and women can't be friends in When Harry Met Sally because the sex stuff gets in the way. I do have single, male, heterosexual friends with whom I have an easy, non-romantic rapport, but I honestly don't know if they would walk away if I was sprawled naked on a bed calling out to them. I may not be everybody's cup of tea, but sometimes, I wonder if they wonder. And they may wonder if I wonder. If so, I hope they'll keep it to

古今汉语语序的差异

语法是语言组合的规则，现代汉语语法是从古代汉语语法发展而来的，二者是一脉相承的，是“源”与“流”的关系；但由于它们是不同时代的语言，因此，两者之间又存在着差异。而语序是汉语语法中的一种重要的表达手段，这不仅在汉语中，凡是在不讲究构形形态的语言里，句子主语、谓语、宾语的确定以及它们之间的意义的关联，主要是用语序来表现的。所谓语序，就是词在句子中所处位置的先后顺序。不同的词造出来的句子意义不同，相同的词因排列顺序不一样，造出来的句子表达的意义也不一样。古今汉语语序大致是相同的，一般是主语在前，谓语在后；述语在前，宾语在后；定语在前，中心语在后；状语在前，谓语在后；谓语在前，补语在后。这正是语言继承性的特征。但是古代汉语与现代汉语在语序的运用上也有不同的方面。相比之下，现代汉语的语序更加稳定，更加准确，更不易引起歧义。下面，本文主要就古今汉语语序某些不同或语序虽同而古汉语用得较多的地方进行阐述。一、宾语前置宾语前置是指把宾语移到动词或介词的前面，以达到突出、强调的目的。古代汉语的宾语前置是有条件的，表现在： 1、疑问句疑问代词作宾语前置。如：吾谁欺？欺天乎？（《论语?子罕》） 2、否定句代词作宾语前置。不吾知也。（《论语?先进》） 3、指示代词“是”作宾语前置。先秦时代，代词“是”作宾语常常前置。这种句中的“是”有明显的指代作用，或指代人或指代物。如：尔贡包茅不入，王祭不共，无以缩酒，寡人是征。（《左传?僖公四年》） 4、古代汉语中，动词前面有结构助词“是”、“之”、“焉”、“之为”等，名词、代词作宾语前置，而现代汉语少有这种用法。如：（1）先君之好是继。（《左传?僖公四年》）（2）姜氏何厌之有？（《左传?僖公四年》）（3）我周之东迁，晋郑焉依。（《左传?隐公六年》）（4）使弈秋诲二人弈：其一人专心致志，惟弈秋之为听，（《孟子?告子上》） 5、借“唯……是（之）……”格式宾语前置。这种句式中的“唯”是副词，它不但强调宾语，而且还强调宾语的单一性、排他性，可译为“只”、“只是”。古代汉语中如：（1）唯敌是求。（《左传?僖公十五年》）（2）唯才是举。（《求贤令》）关于现代汉语宾语前置的问题，语法界颇有争议。有些学者认为，现代汉语中宾语前置是一种客观存在，应给予承认，而有些学者却对此持否定态度。并论述了宾语前置出现的情况： 1、宾语靠介词“把、将、连、对”等的帮助用在动词前面。如：（1）我们一定要把敌人消灭掉。（2）我们要紧密地团结在党中央周围，将无产阶级革命事业进行到底。（3）他连饭都顾不得了。上例中“敌人”、“无产阶级事业”、“饭”、“那些……的人”，“暂拟系统”认为是宾语前置，但多数语法工作者认为不是，而是“主――状（由介词结构充当的）――谓”的格式，本文同意这种观点。因为介词短语的基本用途是作状语修饰动词的，如果把‘把、将、连、对’等看作语法标志，就不应该将其看作介词，而“暂拟系统”仍将其看为介词，是前后矛盾的。对于不借助其他词语，宾语直接前置于句首的，如“饭，他负责；菜，你联系；酒，

常见英文合同翻译与详解

引子:鉴于现在对外交流事例逐渐增多,英文合同特别是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不准确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,希望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。合同文件是合同双方签订并必须遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应体现其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思准确无误,达到双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。一.hereby 英文释义:by means of , by reason of this 中文译词:特此,因此,兹用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语. 例1： The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and co mpletion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other s um as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manne r prescribed by the Contract. 参考译文: 业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的报酬。注释: (1)hereby: by reason of this 特此 (2)covenant: v. make a formal agreement 立约,签订合同、条约; n. legal agreement具有法律约束的正式合同 (3)completion of the Works: 工程的竣工 (4)therein: in the Works在本工程中 (5)the Contract Price: 合同总价,指工程的总造价 (6)such...as: 关系代词,相当于that, which (7)under: in accordance with 根据,按照 (8)the provisions of the Contract: terms and conditions of the Contract合同条款例2： We hereby certify to the best of our knowledge that the foregoing statement is true and correc t and all available information and data have been supplied herein, and that we agree to provi de documentary proof upon your request. 注释：（1）hereby：特此（2）to the best of our knowledge：as far as we know据我们所知（3）foregoing statement：above-mentioned statement上述声明（4）herein：in this, in the statement在声明中（5）documentary proof：证明文件参考译文：特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并提供了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，

英语美文赏析带翻译

(Reports on Britain Under the Bombs) Night after night, in the hot summer and early fall of 1940, a deep, steady voice came over the Atlantic Ocean from England to America, telling of England's battle for survival under the waves of German bombers. This strong and steady voice, an American voice with a slight accent of North Carolina, belonged to Edward R. Murrow, head of the European staff of the Columbia Broadcasting System. "This is London," said Murrow, while the bombs fell and flames spread on the streets of the city. His voice had a tone of sorrow for the suffering of that ancient city, and a tone of confidence, too -- a feeling of belief that London would be there, no matter what it had to endure. It could not be destroyed. The heavy raids began in the middle of August, and Nazi bombs started to fall along England's Channel Coast. The German bombers cast dark shadows over the white cliffs of Dover, and England's Home Guard prepared to fight on the beaches, on the cliffs, and in the hills, until the last Englishman died or the invaders were driven off. Air Marshal Goering's bomber pilots were sure of their ultimate triumph over England. Hitler and Goering believed that when London became a burned city like Warsaw and Rotterdam, England would surrender. But the English were more fortunate than the Poles in Warsaw and the Dutch in Rotterdam. They had the English Channel as a barrier against the Nazi ground forces, and they had the Royal Air Force(RAF) to battle the Nazis in the sky. The hardships of London really started in the first week of September, when Hitler was at last convinced that the English did not intend to give in. On September 7, 1940, nearly four hundred German bombers hammered the city with bombs in broad daylight. Marshal Goering boasted, "This is the historic hour when our air force for the first time delivered its bombs right into the enemy's heart." Fires burned, houses fell, gas pipes burst, and dark smoke rose from the streets. Men, women, and children felt the effect of the bombs. Radar sirens wailed, ambulances rushed from one place of agony to another, and fire fighters faced the flames hour after hour.

英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整

英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整 ——定语及定语从句语序的调整一．定语语序调整见课本P96 二．定语从句语序调整 (1) 前置译法限制性定语从句往往要译成?……的?这种句型的前置定语结构，因为限制性定语从句与所修饰的词关系密切，若分开译则会影响主句意思的完整。也有一些非限制性定语从句，或因结构较短，或因与被修饰词关系较为密切，或因拆译后将会造成译文结构松散，在这种情况下也可以译成前置定语结构。 1.The pressure is also heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job. 2.My brother’s laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 3.There will come the day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism. 4.A writer’s work is a constant struggle to get the ri ght word in the right place, to find that particular word that will convey his meaning exactly, that will persuade the reader or soothe him or amuse him. 5.An eminent American historian, Barbara Tuchman, who has been highly acclaimed for her narrative histories, gained her first significant recognition in 1958. (2) 后置译法后置译法在非限制性定语从句中使用得比较普遍。有些限制性定语从句结构相对复杂，译成汉语前置定语则显得过长，而且不符合汉语表达习惯，这种情况下往往也可以译成后置的并列分句，作进一步的连贯叙述。 1. They turned a deaf ear to our demands, which enraged all of us. 2.I have met children who not only are growing emotionally and intellectually but also are trying to make sense of the world morally. 3.World War Ⅱwas, however, more complex than World WarⅠ, which was a collision among the imperialist power over the spoil of markets, resources and territories. 4.If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”. 5.In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences. 6. They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. (3) 合成译法把原句中的被修饰词与定语从句合在一起译成一个独立的汉语句子的翻译方法。英语中的‘there be’结构就可以采用这种译法来处理。还有一些带有限制性定语从句的英语复合句，如果英语中的主句能够压缩成汉语词组并用做主

英汉语篇翻译

Poor Birds 可怜的小鸟 There was a flock of birds in the jungle near a village. They lived together in a big tree and had a lot of fun every day. This flock of birds usually flew to different places in groups, making a beautiful picture in the sky. Sometimes they have a heated discussion in the tree. 在一个小村庄附近的丛林里有一群小鸟，它们共同栖息在一棵大树上，每天过着快乐的生活。这群小鸟常常成群结队地飞往不同的地方，它们的身姿形成天空一道漂亮的风景。有时，它们会在大树上展开激烈的争论 One day, a farmer went to the jungle to trap some animals for dinner. He saw a lot of birds in the tree, so he threw some corn on the ground and waited until the birds came down to eat. Then he threw a big net over the birds to trap them. 一天，一个农夫到丛林里捕捉猎物用作晚餐。他看到大树上有很多小鸟，于是就在地上撒了些谷物，等着小鸟来吃。然后他支起一张大网捕捉来觅食的小鸟。 When the birds were in the net, they were all afraid and wanted to get out of the net. Some birds in this net said, “Let’s help one other to fly together and push this net up into the tree so we can get out of here.”Everyone listened and count ed, “One, two, three—everyone flies!” They all flew and pushed the net up into the tree and flew out of the net. 被网罩住后，小鸟们都很害怕，想从中逃出去。有些鸟说：“我们

中文常用口语地道翻译解析

中文常用口语地道翻译解析（翻译公司：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6a9913987.html,提供）： 1、这山望着那山高 The grass is always greener on the other hill. 人都是这山望着那山高，对自己的状况没有满意的时候。 Almost all people see that the grass is greener on the other hill. They never feel satisfied with what they've already got。 2、上瘾get into one's blood 说来也怪，很多不好的事往往会使人上瘾。 It's astoundingly funny that many harmful things usually get into our blood。 3、发牢骚 beef 他坐在那里什么事也不干，总是发牢骚，真烦死人。 I'm really bored stiff with his sitting there doing nothing but beefing。 4、等不及了 champ at the bit 咱们快点吧，孩子们都等不及了。 Let's shake the leg. The kids are champing at the bit。 5、点头哈腰bow and scrape 从她在老板前点头哈腰地那个模样，你就知道她是个什么人了。 From the way she's bowing and scraping in front of the boss, you'll know what sort of person she is。 6、疯疯癫癫go gaga 对他的话不要太在意了，他总是疯疯癫癫的。 Don't take what he says so seriously. He's always going gaga。 7、说话不算数go back on one's words 他那个人说话从不算数，我们可不能依靠他。 We cannot account on him. He always goes back on his words。 8、废话连篇beat one's gums 谁喜欢坐在那里听你的废话连篇？ Who would enjoy sitting there listening to your beating your gums? 9、恩将仇报 bite the hand that feeds one

翻译中英对译英文散文赏析

原文巷柯灵译者-张培基巷，是城市建筑艺术中一篇飘逸恬静的散文，一幅古雅冲淡的图画①。这种巷，常在江南的小城市中，有如古代的少女，躲在僻静的深闺，轻易不肯抛头露面②。你要在这种城市里住久了,和它真正成了莫逆，你才有机会看见她③，接触到她优娴贞静的风度。人耐心静静走去，要老半天才走完。它又这么曲折, 什么时候，你向巷中踅去，都如宁静的黄昏，可以清晰地听到自己的斑斑驳驳的苔痕，墙上挂着一串串苍翠欲滴的藤萝，简直像古朴的屏风。春来小巷的动人处就是它无比的悠闲。无论是谁，你的心情就会如巷尾不波的古井，那是一种和平的静穆，而不是阴森和肃杀⑩。它闹中取静，别有天地，仍是人间。它可能是一条现代的乌衣巷(11)，家家有自己的一本哀乐帐，使人忘忧。译文 The Lane Ke Ling The lane, in terms of the art of urban architecture, is like a piece of prose of gentle gracefulness or a painting of classic elegance and simplicity①.

a small the lane, a maiden of ancient times hidden away in a secluded boudoir, is reluctant to make its appearance long time.③ The does not taste of the countryside at all. It is long and deep, so it will take you a long while to walk patiently and quietly through it from end to end. It is also so winding that it seems ⑤when you look far ahead, but if you keep walking until you take a turning, you’ll find it again lying endless and still more quiet. There is nothing but stillness there⑥. At any hour of day, you can even distinctly hear in the , which, moss-covered and hung with clusters of fresh green wisteria, look almost like screens of primitive simplicity. Inside the walls are residents’ gardens with In spring, beautiful peach and apricot blossoms atop the walls, ⑧waving their red sleeves, will sway hospitably to beckon the pedestrians. The charm of the lane lies in its absolute serenity. No matter who you are, if you in the lane for a while⑨, your mind will become as unruffled as the ancient well at the end of the lane. There you will a kind of peaceful calmness rather than gloomy sternness⑩. There reigns peace and quiet in the midst of noisy bustle. It is a world of its own on earth. It may be a modern (11)where each family, secluded behind closed doors, has its own covered-up story of （12）The all-pervading and all-purifying atmosphere of water-like placidness makes one forget all cares and worries.

从中英文差异来看翻译

英语四级满分作文附翻译欣赏

英语美文欣赏带翻译

古今汉语语序的差异

常见英文合同翻译与详解

最新高考英语的作文范文赏析,附翻译

英语美文赏析带翻译

英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整

英汉语篇翻译

中文常用口语地道翻译解析

翻译中英对译英文散文赏析

相关文档

最新文档

从中英文差异来看翻译

英语四级满分作文附翻译欣赏

英语美文欣赏带翻译

古今汉语语序的差异

常见英文合同翻译与详解

最新高考英语的作文范文赏析,附翻译

英语美文赏析 带翻译

英汉句式差异及翻译中的语序调整

英汉语篇翻译

中文常用口语地道翻译解析

翻译 中英对译 英文散文赏析

相关文档

最新文档

英语美文赏析带翻译

翻译中英对译英文散文赏析