被动句型

日语被动句的分类

日语被动句的分类方法有很多，主要有根据“主语是否是人”分类，或根据“句子中各个成分之间的语意联系”分类两种方法。本文将按照“主语是否是人”的分类方法将日语被动句分为两大类，即，有情主语句和无情主语句；又遵循“句子中各个成分之间的语意联系”以及“是否出现动作主体”、“句子所表达内容”等标准，将两大类又分成若干种。在此逐个进行考察、分析。

（一）有情主语句

主要指以人作为主语的句子，是日语固有的被动句。根据句子中各个成分之间的语意联系，又可分为以下几种：

直接被动句

指主语直接受到动作或者作用的影响，主语又是动作作用的直接承受者，原来主动句中的ヲ格或者二格的名词句作为被动句中的主语。例如：

（1）昨日、学校へ行く途中、山本さんは知らない人に殴られた。（2）私はまた友人に笑われた。

原本被动句是只用于表示主语（主体）受到伤害、利益受到损害等不利影响时的表达，但近年来由于受西洋语法影响，日语中也出现了以下这种并非“受害”，反而有点“受益、受惠”的被动句。如例（3），（4）。

（3）私は時々担任の先生に褒められる。

（4）太郎は家族みんなから愛されている。

イ、间接被动句

间接被动句主语不是动作的直接承受者，而是间接地受到与之没有直接关系的事情的影响。从内容来看，这种影响通常是对主语（主体）不利的，因此，这种被动句在日语中又叫做“迷惑受身文”（受害被动句）。日语中有由自动词构成和由他动词构成之分。

a、自动词构成的间接被动句

在欧美语法以及汉语语法中都没有由自动词构成的被动表达，所以，日语中这类被动句的构成较难理解。如：

(5)昨日、鈴木さんは一晩中子供に泣かれて、寝ることができませんでした。

（6）友達に来られて、勉強ができませんでした。

如上所示，这类句子中的被动动词皆由自动词构成，是主语以外的某人的自发动作。但这个动作的发生却间接地对主语造成不好的影响。日语常常用这样的句式来表示主语间接受到打扰、或影响。整个句子内在地含有“由于别人……而使得主语不能或没能……”的意思。

b、他动词构成的间接被动句

日语中除了由自动词构成的间接被动句外，他动词同样也可以构成间接被动句，同样表示主语（主体）间接地受到了来自与自身没有直接关系的事情的不利影响。试看以下例句：

（7）恵子は和夫に窓を開けられて、風邪をひきました。

（8）私の家の南側にＡ社によって高いビルを建てられた。

在上述由他动词构成的被动句中，主语并非动作的直接承受者，而是间接受影响者。造成的不利影响可以不明确出现在句子里，但潜在地存在着。如例句(8)就潜在着“由于Ａ公司的行为，使得我家的房子晒不到太阳或光线受到了影响”之类的意思。

ウ、所有者被动句

时可以省略）。

（9）私は知らない人にいきなり頭をたたかれた。

（10）母にガールフレンドの手紙を見られた。

（11）私は息子を先生に褒められて、嬉しかった。

这类被动句中，动作的直接承受者并非句子的主语，而是仍然作为宾语出现的，而整个句子的主语是受动者的所有者。像「頭」、「息子」等是主语我的身体的一部分或者所有物或者相关者，也被称作所有者被动句。特别是像「頭」等身体部位在主动句中处于ヲ格，但是要注意其被动句不能翻译成「私の頭がたたかれた」，而是「私は頭をたたかれた」。

（二）无情主语句

无情主语句句子的主语或主题一般表现为非人的事物。尤其将行为对象作为主题提出来时，多采用此种表现形式。多见于客观叙述、描写、以及新闻报道中。根据是否出现动作主体以及句子所表达的内容等可分为以下四种：

1.主语是动作的对象，动作主体（施动者）不提及或为某一类人（群体）。如：

（12）その議案は否決された。

（13）日本語は多くの外国人に学ばれています。

2.句子一般为有关自然现象、灾害的描述，相当于动作主体的部分一般表现为物，且相较于实施动作而言，这些事物更接近于起到工具、材料、手段、方式、原因的作用。例如：

（14）太陽は黒い雲に遮られてしまった。

（15）先日の台風で木がだいぶ倒された。

3.句中一般不出现动作主体，内容多为对于客观事实、事物状态、属性的描写。

（16）あの公園には桜がたくさん植えられている。

（17）オリンピックは４年に一度行われる。

4.动作主体为具体个人或特定的人物，且有必要说出此人名字或为何人，句子主体由「によって」引出。内容多为叙述某一事物的属性。

（18）法隆寺は聖徳太子によって建てられた。

（19）アメリカ大陸はコロンブスによって発見されました。

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句型宝典 疑问句型 What is this? 结构︰问句：What＋be 动词＋this（that…）？ 答句：This（that…）＋be 动词＋a book（pen…）。 说明︰此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔…）”。what（什么）叫做“疑问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接be <动词>，再接<主词>，第一个字母w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。 What is this? This is a chair. 这是什么？这是一张椅子。 What’s this? It’s a book. 这是什么？它是一本书。 What is that? That is a desk. 那是什么？那是一张书桌。 What are these? 结构︰问句：What are＋these／those…？ 答句：These／Those are＋复数名词（＋s／es）。 说明︰<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致，is 后面接单数<名词>，are 后面要接复数<名词>。 What are these? These are books. 这些是什么？这些是书。 What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什么？那些是茶杯。 What are they? They are glasses. 它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。 What are you? 结构︰问句：What＋be 动词＋主词（人）…？ 答句：主词＋be 动词＋a student…。 说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生…”。疑问词what 除了询问事物之外，还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形态，如：I am，we are，you are，he is…。 What are you? I am a student. 你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。 What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。 Are you a ...? 结构︰问句：Be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词＋…？ 肯定简答：Yes，主词＋am（are，is）。 否定简答：No，主词＋am（are，is）not。 说明︰在否定<简答句>中，<主词>和am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定<简答句>中则不可。 Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是学生吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是钟表吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）What is your name? 结构︰问句：What＋is＋所有格＋name? 答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。 说明︰“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必接<名词>，即“<所有格>＋<名词>”；<所有格>不可与a，an，this，that，these 或those 紧接一起使用。 What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。 What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。 What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。 Who is that ...?

写作常用句型 例句版

写作常用句型 1. Bear sth in mind 牢记在心 The government must bear it in mind that the protection of the environment should be the priority. We should bear in mind that it is unwise to develop the economy at the expense of our environment. 2. Go a long way 有效 Since praise, encouragement, and appreciation go a long way—even just saying “thank you” leaves a lasting impression. 3. Give sb the credit for…把…归功于某人 It’s generally recognized that Edward Jenner should be given the credit for defeating the disease of smallpox. 4. Enable sb to do/make it possible for sb to do 使人能做某事 A developed economy enables people to lead a quality life. Allowing children to make their own decisions enables them to develop independence. 5. Boost efficiency /productivity 提高效率/生产率 Working in an office can help boost workers' efficiency. 6. Give sb a competitive edge 给某人竞争优势 A sound economy gives a country a competitive edge in the international community. Being different from others gives a person a competitive edge. 7. Expand one’s outlook 开阔视野 When doing a part job, kids have opportunities to expand their outlook, and gain financial independence. 8. Generate opportunities 带来机会 Social activities generate opportunities for good students to accumulate social experience. Social activities generate opportunities for students to achieve well-rounded development. 9. Dedicate/devote A to B 在某事上付出（时间、精力等） The humorous teacher make students more willing to dedicate more time to study. 10.Assume/shoulder the responsibility for …承担责任 It is the government that should assume the responsibility to contain/curb deteriorating air pollution. 11. Be mindful of…对某事很关注 The big companies should be mindful of the environmental needs of the local communities.

被动语态检测性句型转换练习教学教材

被动语态检测性句型 转换练习

被动语态检测性句型转换练习 根据句型转换填词：（每个空格只填一词） 1.Does he clean the room every day? ______the room______ ______ ______every day? 2.Did he paint the window red? ______the window_____ _____ ______ ______? 3.We shall build a new library this year. A new library______ _______ _______by_______this year. 4.Have they finished the new project? ______the new project______ _______by______? 5.Are they teaching foreign languages there? ______foreign languages________ ________there? 6.Are you going to make a new plane? ____a new plane_____ _____ ______ _____? 7.Does he have to repair the bike? _____the bike____ ____ ____ ____by______? 8.She used to write a letter to me every month. A letter_____ _____ _____ _____to_____by_____every month. 9.You ought to buy her a new car at once. 1）A new car_____ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____at once. 2）She______ ______ ______ ______ a new car at once. 10. They had better take care of the boy. The boy_____ _____ _____ _____care_____ by _____. 11. You had better not tell her the whole matter. 1）She_____ _____ _____ _____ _____the whole matter. 2）The whole matter____ _____ _____ ____ ____ _____her. 12. People said that they had carried out the plan. 1）_____ _____ _____that the plan_____ _____ _____ out.

英语作文万能模板及万能句型汇总

中考英语作文万能模板及万能句型汇总 作文万能模板 一、阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述． １．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．２．分析并举例使其更充实． 二、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 １．问题现状２．怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点） In recent days，we have to face a problem-----A，which is becoming more and more serious. First，------------（说明Ａ的现状）．Second，---------------（举例进一步说明现状）Confronted with A，we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing，---------------（解决方法一）。For another -------------（解决方法二）。Finally，--------------（解决方法三）。 Personally，I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）。Consequently，I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------（带来的好处）。 三、说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） １.说明事物现状２.事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）３.你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally，its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------（Ａ的优点之一）。Besides -------------------（Ａ的优点之二）。 But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------（Ａ的第一个缺点）．To make matters worse，------------------（Ａ的第二个缺点）． Through the above analysis，I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore，I would like to ---------------（我的看法）．（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A，we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way，---------------（对前景的预测）．）

级写作常用句型及高级词汇

级写作常用句型及高级 词汇 内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）

六级写作常用句型及高级词汇You can never have too much sky. You can fall asleep and wake up drunk on sky, and sky can keep you safe when you are sad. Here there is too much sadness and not enough sky. Butterflies too are few and so are flowers and most things that are beautiful. Still, we take what we can get and make the best of 。你永远不能拥有太多的天空。你可以在天空下睡去，醒来又沉醉。在你忧伤的时候，天空会给你安慰。可是忧伤太多，天空不够，蝴蝶不够，花儿也不够。大多美好的东西都不够。于是，我们去我们所能，好好的享用。——《芒果街上的小屋》 IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that （a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.）这是一条举世皆知的真理，那就是...（套进去^^）——《傲慢与偏见》 There is no royal road to (science.) ......路上无坦途。——马克思。 有的时候一个很好的单词作用也是非常强大的哦~可以替换以下哈~这些都是传说中的big words~ 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) =universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)