定语从句专项学习

定语从句专项学习

定语从句

一. 基本概念

The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我们隔壁的人卖蔬菜.

You must do everything that I do. 你必须做我做的一切.

定语从句：（在复合句中）作定语的从句。

（提示：把从句看成一个整体）

（复习：单词，词组和句子都可以作定语。如：I bought his book.

I bought his new book. I borrowed the book which he bought yesterday. )

（思考：什么叫主语从句，宾语从句，状语从句，表语从句？）

先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。（思考：如何理解“先行”？）

引导词：引导定语从句的词，又叫关系词，分为关系代词( that，which，who，whom，whose）和关系副词（when, where, why）

注意: 1. 定语从句要放在先行词之后, 而在汉语中，无论定语有多长，都要放在名词之前。例如：He still remembers the house where he was born.

他还记得他出生的房子。

2. 从句的结构= 连接词+主语+谓语。例如：I don’t know what he said.

(凡是从句都要使用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后)

小结：能够划出主句和定语从句；先行词和引导词是基本功。

试练如下几题：

1. I shall never forget the day when I went to college.

2. The boy who is playing on the grass is her brother.

3. The letter which I received yesterday was from my best friend.

4. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan.

5. Do you know the park which was built last year?

二. 引导词的三大功能

(I) 连接主句和从句。

(2) 代替先行词（以免重复）。

(3) 在定语从句中充当句子成分。

如：I lost the book which I bought yesterday. (which在定语从句中作宾语）

定语从句引导词的选用及其省略是高考的重点和难点，但是，始终围绕引导词的“三大功能”思考，是掌握定语从句的关键。

技巧：定语从句都可以转换成一个陈述句。

(which I bought yesterday=I bought the book yesterday.）。

试练如下几题：

1. The boy who is playing on the grass is my brother.

2. I don’t know the reason why (=for which) he didn’t help me.

3. Can you tell me the way in which you learn English?

4. This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.

5. My brother, who is an engineer, is thirty-two. 我的哥哥三十二岁，他是一个工程师。

三．先行词和引导词的关系

1. 关系代词是先行词的复指

A plane is a machine that can fly. (that = the machine)

The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (who = the boy )

2. 关系代词whose是先行词的所有格

The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.

(whose = the boy’s)

3. 关系副词是介词＋先行词

The school where (=in which) I study is far from my home. (where = in the school)

试练如下几题：

1. Do you know the boy whose mother is a doctor?

2. This is the house where(=in which) we lived ten years ago.

3. The girl who is standing there is Called Mary.

4. I lost the pen which he lent to me.

四. 关系副词引导的定语从句

1. when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the day when (=on which) I first came to Beijing.

我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。

2. where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

That is the house where (= in which) he lived ten years ago.

那是他10年前住过的房子。

3. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。

I know the reason why (=for which) she was so angry.

我知道她为什么那么生气。

注：①why作关系副词只用在reason后面。

②“关系副词＝介词十which”

五. 区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

①看形式：限制性定语从句和主句不可用逗号隔开。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。

This is the book which I bought yesterday.

His dog, which was very old, became ill and died.

②看从句能否省略：限制性定语从句省去后，主句的意思就会不清楚。非限制性定语省去后主句的意思仍然清楚，因为它只起补充说明的作用。

This is the hospital where he was operated on a few months ago.

这就是他几个月前动手术的医院。（限制性定语从句）

The sun, which is very hot, gives a lot of energy

太阳很热，它给人类很多热量。（非限制性定语从句）

③看翻译：限制性定语从句译成定语（“……的”），而非限制性定语从句单独译成一个句子。试比较：

She has a sister who is a musician.（限制性定语从句）

她有一个当音乐家的姐姐。（她有几个姐姐，其中一个是音乐家）

She has a sister, who is a musician.（非限制性定语从句）

她有一个姐姐，是音乐家。（她只有一个姐姐，她是音乐家）

六. 限制性定语从句的英译汉

方法①：先译定语从句（译为“……的”），再译先行词。

The station is the place where we met together. 车站是我们见面的地方

方法②：先译主句，再译从句，最后把它们相加。

The station is the place where we met together.

车站就是那个地方+ 我们在那里见面。

练习：翻译下面的句子

提示:无论是英译汉还是汉译英，都先找出先行词和定语从句。

The teacher who taught us English was elected the headmaster of the school.

Everything that she said seemed quite reasonable.

我还记得我小时候借过书的那个图书馆。

汤姆考试失败的原因是他的粗心。

这就是我学英语的方式。

星期一是我最忙的一天。

屋顶被毁的房子己经修补了。

这就是我们去年参观过的学校。

七. 选用关系代词还是关系副词？

不能一见先行词是时间，地点，就不加分析地一律使用when或where. 因为时间和地点一般作状语, 有时也能作宾语或主语。作状语用where提问，作宾语当然不能用where.

当先行词是时间、地点和原因时，关键在于判断引导词在定语从句中充当状语还是宾语。换句话说，要求分析从句的谓语动词和先行词之间构成动宾关系还是动状关系。例如：

I）I still remember the days which we spent together.

2）I still remember the days when (= in which) we worked together.

技巧：看（在汉语中）先行词能否放到从句谓动后面作宾语。

This is the factory ________ we visited last year.

This is the factory ________ we worked together last year.

I don’t know the reason ___________ he didn’t do his homework.

I don’t know the reason ___________ he told you.

八“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的选用

引导词与定语从句中某成分的搭配需要介词时，介词的选择要看从句语义（尤其要注意先行词和从句的谓语动词的习惯搭配）。

解题技巧：还原法（定语从句都可以还原为一个陈述句）

That’s the reason for which he didn’t go to school this morning.（for... reason系固定搭配）

（定语从句=he didn’t go to school for the reason this morning.）

That’s the famous building, at the top of which there’s a tower（塔子）

（定语从句=there’s a tower at the top of the famous bui lding).

My glasses, ___________ which I was like a blind man，fell to the ground and broken.

He is a person with great experience, _______ whom we can learn much.

I found a knife ________ which I cut the cake.

九. 其它考点

１.“名词／代词+of which /whom”一般引导非限制性定语从句，指部分和全体的关系，

She has three sons, two of whom are teachers.

=She has three sons and two of them are teachers.

说明：非限制性定语从句都可以改为一个并列句。

2. What she said is true.= All that she said is true.她说的是真的。

可见what=“先行词十关系代词”

This is the way (in which / that) I learn English. 这就是我学英语的方法。

当先行词是the way (方式／方法)，引导词用in which或that, 也可省略

牢记：what和how不可以作定语从句的引导词。what引导从句多表示“所……的人（事物）”。

改错：All what she did was right.

译：我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。

十. 引导词一览表

①关系代词

关系代词主语宾语定语

指人 who

that whom

who

that whose

指物 which

That which

that whose (=of which)

指人和物 that that whose

when= on (in, during…) which在那时；当……时

②关系副词where= on（in，in front of…）which 在那里；往那里

why= for which 为什么

③as作关系（代／副）词也可以引导定语从句。

(1)“这一点”As is well known，the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。

(2)“象……样的人（物）；凡是…样的人（物）

用于such/the same/as...... as结构。

如：This is the same book as I bought yesterday.这是一本和我昨天买的一样的书。

如何填定语从句的引导词

引导词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和引导词在定语从中所作的成分决定的。

定语从句

I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

定语从句专项练习

1.The Second World War ________ millions of people were killed was over in 1949?

A. when

B. in which

C. which

D.／

2. They paid 20 pounds to the boys for cleaning the rooms, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

3. Do you talk about such things ________ you do not understand?

A. what

B. which

C. as

D. where

4. He studied hard at school when he was young, ________ led to his success in his later life.

A. what

B. which

C. That

D. so that

5. I can still remember the sitting-room ________ my mother and I used to sit in the morning.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. where

6. My glasses, ________ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and was broken.

A. which

B. with which

C. without which

D. without that

7. Who is the person ________ you shook hands with just now?

A. which

B. who

C. whom

D. that

8. The tree ________ leaves are yellow is dying soon

A. which

B. whose

C. that

D. as

9. All the books________ are on the shelf are in German

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. when

10. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign professors who ________ in China.

A. works

B. is working

C. are working

D. has been working.

11. I’11 tell you ________ last year

A. all she told it to me

B. all that she told it to me.

C .all she told me D. all which she told me

12. It is the forth time ________ you’ve come late for school this month.

A. when

B. that

C. which

D. in which

13. Please pass me the book the cover ________ is very old.

A. whose

B. which

C. of which

D. in which

14. Is this lab ________ they visited five years ago?

A. the one

B. which

C. that

D. where

15. I, ________ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is

B. who am

C. that is

D. which is

16. ________ the compass（指南针）was first invented in China.

A. It well known to all

B. It is known that

C. we all knowing

D. As is known to all

17. This is the very dictionary ________ I want to buy.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. for which

18. He is a person with great experience, ________ we can learn much

A .who B. whom C. from who D. from whom

19. October 1, 1949 is the day ________ the People’s Republic of China was founded.

A. when

B. which

C. that

D. in which

20. There are many islands in China, ________ Tai wan is the largest one.

A. of which

B. through which

C. on which

D. for which

21. Anyone ________ this opinion may speak out.

A. that againsts

B. that is against

C. who is against

D. who are against

22. A football fan is ________ has a strong interest in football?

A. a thing that

B. something that

C. a person who

D. what

23. Didn’t you see the man ________?

A.I nodded just now

B. whom I nodded just now

C.I nodded to him just now

D. I nodded to just now.

24. Have you seen the girl ________？

A. that I told

B. I told you of

C. whom I told you

D. I told you

25 The radio set ________ has gone wrong.

A.I bought it last week

B. which I bought it last week

C .I bought last week D. what I bought last week

26. Can you lend me the novel ________ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C .which you talked with D. you talked about

27. The matter ________ you were arguing about last night has been settled.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. for which

28. They talked for about an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the school?

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

29. Who ________ has common sense will do such a thing?

A. which

B. who

C. which

D. that

30. All the apples ________ fell down were eaten by the pigs

A. that

B. those

C. which

D. what

31. They asked him to tell them everything ________ he saw at the front.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. where

32. I’11 tell you ________ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. all what

C. that all

D. all

33. Is oxygen the only gas ________ helps fire burn?

A. that

B.／

C. which

D. it

34. A Child ________ parents are dead is called an orphan.

A. who

B. who’s

C. whose

D. which

35. Is this the museum ________ visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one

36. Is this museum ________ you visited the other day?

A. that

B. where

C. on which

D. the one

37. 一How do you like the book?

一It’s quite different from ________ I read last month.

A. that

B. which

C. the one

D. the one what

38. Which sentence is wrong?

A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.

B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?

C. Science and mew technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land

D. people in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth?

39. The train ________ she was traveling was late.

A. which

B. where

C. on which

D. in that

40. He has lost the key to the drawer________ the papers are kept.

A. where

B. on which

C. under which

D. which

41. Antarctic, ________, we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. about which

42. It’s the third time ________ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C .that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived

43. Each time ________ they met they would talked long hours together

A. which

B. during

C. when

D.／

＊44. It was in 1969 ________ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. in which

45. He was born in the year ________ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.

A. which

B. when

C. on which

D. during which

46. Mr. Croseett will never forget the days ________ he spent with his various students.

A. when

B. which

C. during which D . on which

47. A steel plant is a place ________ steel is made.

A. which

B. when

C. whose

D. where

48. This is just the place ________ I am longing to visit these years.

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. to where

49. We are going to spend the Spring Festival on Guangzhou, ________ live my grandparents and some relatives

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. where

＊50. The hotel ________ during our hol idays stands by the seaside’

A. we stayed at

B. where we stayed at

C. we stayed D . in that we stayed

二. 高考试题选录.

1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ________ family was poor. (NMET98)

A. of whom

B. whom

C. of whose

D. whose

2. All ________ is needed is a supply of oil. (NMET89)

A. the thing

B. that

C. what

D. which

3. He paid the boy＄10 for washing ten windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned.

(NMET90) A. these B. those C. that D. which

4. The girl heard a terrible noise, ________ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91）

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

5. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ________ she cou ld turn for help. (NMET92）

A. that

B. who

C. from whom

D. to whom

6. The weather turned to be very good, ________ was more than we could expect. (NMET94)

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. it

7. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ________ he grew up as a child. (NMET96)

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. when

8. Carol said the work would be done by October, ________ personally I doubt very much.

(NMET99) A. it B. that C. when D. which

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