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Li and Wu, 2010 GPC

Li and Wu, 2010 GPC
Li and Wu, 2010 GPC

Pliocene land snail record from western Chinese Loess Plateau and implications for impacts of the summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes on the East Asian summer monsoon

Fengjiang Li ?,Naiqin Wu

Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,P.O.Box 9825,Beijing 100029,China

a b s t r a c t

a r t i c l e i n f o Article history:

Received 3October 2009Accepted 16April 2010

Available online 28April 2010Keywords:

terrestrial mollusk

loess –palaeosol sequence East Asian monsoon insolation gradient Pliocene

The East Asian monsoon probably existed as early as at the Palaeogene/Neogene boundary.However,its evolutionary process is still less well known owing mainly to the lack of long,continuous palaeoenviron-mental records.The recently reported Miocene (22–6.2Ma)and late Miocene –Pliocene (7.1–3.5Ma)loess –palaeosol sequences from the western Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP)provide new insights into the evolution of the monsoon system.However,reports on the bioclimatic indicators from these deposits and the subsequent reconstruction of the palaeomonsoon are rare.Here we present a Pliocene terrestrial mollusk record from the western CLP and discuss the possible impact of isolation gradients on the East Asian summer monsoon.Our results show that most peak values of the dominant thermo-humidiphilous mollusk taxa,Metodontia and Punctum ,a proxy of the East Asian summer monsoon,approximately correspond to maxima of mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes as well as some maximum values of the 35°N insolation,suggesting a possible causal link between the summer monsoon and the insolation parameters.The major frequencies from spectrum analysis of the sum of the two warmth-and moisture-loving taxa through the loess –palaeosol succession match those obtained from the mean summer insolation-gradient variations between middle and low latitudes over this geological period,providing further evidence for such a causal relationship.Mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes could in ?uence atmospheric circulation (in the present condition the East Asian summer monsoon).Any elevated mean summer insolation gradients between middle and low latitudes would have intensi ?ed the East Asian summer monsoon and the ?ux of moisture and heat over the oceans to the interior region including the CLP,creating favorable conditions for the expansion of the mollusk fauna.As such,the mollusk record from the loess –palaeosol deposits in the western CLP provides evidence for insolation-gradient impacts on the development of the East Asian monsoon system in the Pliocene.

?2010Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

1.Introduction

Since the early 1980s,many lines of evidence have been obtained to suggest that the East Asian monsoon was probably established as early as at the Palaeogene/Neogene boundary,i.e.,the Oligocene/Miocene boundary (Zhou,1982;Wang,1990;Liu and Guo,1997;Sun and Wang,2005).However,the evolutionary process and possible driving forces remain less well understood due largely to the lack of long,continuous palaeoenvironmental records.Miocene (22–6.2Ma)and late Miocene –Pliocene (7.1–3.5Ma)loess –palaeosol deposits were recently reported from the western Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP)(Guo et al.,2002;Hao and Guo,2004).These Neogene deposits are of eolian origin and can stratigraphically be correlated across the region,providing further evidence supporting that the onset of the East Asian

monsoon took place no later than the early Miocene (Guo et al.,2002;Hao and Guo,2004;Liu et al.,2005,2006;Li et al.,2006a,b;Qiao et al.,2006;Hao and Guo,2007;Guo et al.,2008).The subsequent numerous studies on them have provided new insights into the evolution of the East Asian monsoon and possible forcing factors.Although studies on sedimentology,geomagnetism,and geochemistry of these sequences have contributed greatly to our understanding of the palaeomonsoon variability at a tectonic scale (Guo et al.,2002;Qiao et al.,2006;Hao et al.,2008a,b;Liang et al.,2009),the evolution of the palaeomonsoon and possible forcing factors at an orbital time scale remain poorly understood.Furthermore,palaeomonsoon reconstruction using bio-climatic indicators from these deposits has rarely been reported.

Fossil land snails are the most common and abundant fossil remains in the eolian deposits in the CLP.They are very sensitive to environmental changes and have long been used as ‘indicator animals ’in palaeo-climatic studies (Liu,1985).Mollusk fossils have provided important clues for understanding of the origin of the Quaternary loess –palaeosol deposits and for the palaeoenvironmental

Global and Planetary Change 72(2010)73–78

?Corresponding author.Tel.:+861082998371;fax:+861062010846.E-mail address:fengjiangli@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e11959473.html, (F.

Li).0921-8181/$–see front matter ?2010Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:

10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.04.006

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

Global and Planetary Change

j o u r n a l h om e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l oc a t e /g l op l a c ha

reconstructions(Braun,1847;Richthofen,1882;Liu,1985;Wu et al., 1996;Rousseau and Wu,1997,1999;Wu et al.,2000,2001,2002, 2007).Recently,such fossil records have been used to obtain the key biological evidence for a wind-blown origin of the Miocene–Pliocene loess deposits on the western CLP(Li et al.,2006a,b).However,little study has been conducted on the development of the Neogene palaeomonsoon as re?ected by the terrestrial mollusks.

In the present study,terrestrial mollusks preserved in the upper part of the Dongwan section on the western CLP were collected and examined for a better understanding of the East Asian summer monsoon at an orbital time scale and the possible driving factors in the Pliocene.Our study shows that a causal link probably exists between the summer monsoon system and the mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes and the35°N insolation during the Pliocene.

2.Geological settings and methods

The Dongwan loess–palaeosol section used in this study is located at105°47′E,34°58′N in Qinan County on the western CLP(Fig.1).This is a semi-arid region with a mean annual precipitation of400mm and a mean annual temperature of10.4°C with a July mean temperature of22.7°C(cf.Guo et al.,2002).In summer,the East Asian summer monsoon carries warm,moist air mass to the CLP,bringing heavy rainfalls across this region.Accordingly,more than half of the annual precipitation occurs in July to September.In winter,the winter monsoon winds from the Siberian High prevail over the CLP,resulting in a dry,cold climate.

The Dongwan loess section,which is73.7m thick,is exposed in a northeast-aligned,deep and narrow valley at an elevation of about 1880m above sea level.This section contains84distinguishable loess–palaeosol couplets.Hao and Guo(2004)had established,based on319oriented samples collected at20,25cm intervals,the chronology of the Dongwan section using palaeomagnetic reversals as age controls and then interpolation based on the susceptibility model developed by Kukla et al.(1990).With a reasonable assumption that the precipitation of natural magnetic dust from higher atmospheric levels occurs at a quasi-constant rate,this model weighted the thickness of each measured layer by its magnetic susceptibility,took into account of the accumulated values,and then calculated the apparent age of a given level by linear interpolation of the weighted values between palaeomagnetic reversals(Kukla et al., 1990).The time series based on this model correlates well with those of the deep sea oxygen isotope records.Although some assumptions used in this model are debated by some on the basis of rock magnetism,such a model has remained as an important method in obtaining an independent time scale for the loess–palaeosol succes-sion and has been widely used in the research of the Quaternary loess and late Neogene Red Clay deposits(Kukla et al.,1990;Guo et al., 2000;Wu et al.,2001;Guo et al.,2001,2002;Wei and Guo,2003).This age model returned a geochronology for the Dongwan loess–palaeosol succession ranging from7.1to 3.5Ma(Hao and Guo, 2004).The upper part of this succession used for this study spans from 5.1to3.5Ma,and the calculated linear sedimentation rates for this part of section are0.90to4.44cm/ka(Hao and Guo,2004).The sampling intervals of10to40cm thus correspond to a rough temporal resolution of4.7to13ka.

The upper31.4m of the section,corresponding to the time span of 5.1to3.5Ma as already mentioned,was examined and sampled for the present study.A total of152samples each weighting about30kg were collected at an interval of20cm.Where prominent lithological changes exist,sampling took place between10and40cm at several locations.To reduce the cost on transportation of such a large amount of material,the samples were processed in the?eld.Because of the lithi?cation or semi-lithi?cation of the loess and soil layers,the regular washing and sieving for unconsolidated Quaternary

deposits

Fig.1.Map showing location of the Dongwan loess sequence and the studied area.

74 F.Li,N.Wu/Global and Planetary Change72(2010)73–78

is not possible.Instead,the samples were progressively broken into particles of about 0.5mm size and the snails and any visible shell fragments picked up.This was a slow and painstaking procedure that involved in a large amount of work in the ?eld,and only half to one sample was processed by one worker in one day.In the laboratory,the mollusk remains were repaired,identi ?ed and counted under a set of Leica binocular microscopes.The shell fragments were considered in the total count of individuals following the method developed by Puisségur (1976).3.Results

Mollusk fossils are abundant through the Dongwan section,and they all are terrestrial taxa with excellent preservation conditions,containing both adults and juveniles (Li et al.,2006a ).Of the 152samples collected from the upper 31.4m of the Dongwan section,147contain fossil mollusks,yielding a total of 9504individuals with an average of over 64shells per sample.Only 5samples were found barren.The maximum count reaches 440/30kg at 10.8m depth.Of the 22mollusk species identi ?ed (Fig.2),21have been found in the Chinese Quaternary loess –palaeosol deposits,and most have their modern representatives.Thus,the mollusk species in the upper part of the Dongwan section can be grouped into cold-aridiphilous (species living in dry and relatively cold places)and thermo-humidiphilous (warmth and moisture-loving species)ecological groups,as previ-ously de ?ned in the Quaternary loess –palaeosol sequences (e.g.,Liu,1985;Wu et al.,1996;Rousseau and Wu,1997,1999;Rousseau et al.,2000;Wu et al.,2000,2001,2002,2006,2007).The thermo-humidiphilous group includes species belonging to genera of Metodontia ,Punctum ,Kaliella ,Macrochlamys ,and Opeas in which the former two taxa are predominate.These taxa are quite common through the section except at the depth of 0to 8m where only Metodontia huaiensis occurs (Fig.2).This group of mollusk taxa generally indicates warm,humid conditions under a strong summer monsoon.The cold-aridiphilous group contains Cathaica sp.,Cathaica pulveratrix ,Cathaica pulveraticula ,Cathaica schensiensis ,Cathaica placenta ,Pupilla aeoli ,Pupilla sp.,Vallonia sp.,and Pupopsis retrodens .They were mainly found at depths ranging from 0to17m with a heterogeneous and discontinuous occurrence except Cathaica sp.(Fig.2).It has long been suggested that the occurrence of these snails is closely related to a strong winter monsoon over the CLP (Wu et al.,1996;Rousseau and Wu,1997,1999;Rousseau et al.,2000;Wu et al.,2000,2001,2002,2006,2007).

Fig.3shows changes in the sum of Metodontia and Punctum ,the two dominant thermo-humidiphilous taxa in the Dongwan section.They predominate in the early Pliocene from 5.1to 4.0Ma,suggesting the prevalence of warm,moist conditions under a strong summer monsoon during this geological episode.There are 36to 39high or low peaks in the abundance of the two taxa through the section from 5.1to 3.5Ma,indicating changes on orbital bands,among which 32to 35peak values can be correlated with the oscillations of the obliquity and mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes (35–0°N),high percentages approximately corresponding to maxima in both obliquity and insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes,suggesting a possible causal link between the summer monsoon and the insolation gradient.In addition,more than 20peaks of these two mollusk genera match the maximum values of the 35°N insolation,indicating that local insolation may also have played a role in the expansion of the mollusk fauna (Fig.3).

Spectrum analysis of the sum of Metodontia and Punctum shows that the variations lie within the orbital frequency,concentrated on obliquity and precession bands although another frequency at 29ka is also noticeable (Fig.4A),similar to the oscillations of the mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes that concentrated in obliquity (41ka)and precession (23and 19ka)frequencies over this geological period (Fig.4B),indicating again that,on the obliquity band,insolation gradient between middle and low latitude is an important factor contributing to the evolution of the East Asian summer monsoon during the early Pliocene,whereas local insolation or/and insolation gradient between middle and low latitude may both exert controls on the evolution of monsoon on the precession band.However,it is noteworthy that the sample thickness of 20cm in the present study is not detailed enough to discuss the precession variations and higher density sampling

is

Fig.2.Variations in percentages of the mollusk assemblages in the upper part of the Dongwan section.

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F.Li,N.Wu /Global and Planetary Change 72(2010)73–78

needed in the future in order to detect this frequency.In fact,it is possible that a record with increased temporal resolution would show that the spectral density at the precession band might exceed that at the obliquity band.However,the spectral analysis of the magnetic susceptibility record at 20cm sampling interval from the Dongwan loess –palaeosol sequence indicates 57ka and 34ka frequencies,as well as a clear precession frequency but shows no peak at 41ka frequency.As well,the 57ka and 34ka frequencies have higher spectral density than the precession band.In addition,alternations of loess –palaeosol layers,which have a good correlation with magnetic susceptibility (Hao and Guo,2007;Hao et al.,2008b ),show an average frequency of 42.6ka for each loess –palaeosol couplet,roughly consistent with the oscillations at the obliquity frequency (Hao and Guo,2004).Thus,it seems that the magnetic susceptibility and lithology of the Dongwan sequence have higher density at the obliquity band than at the precession band,supporting our inter-pretations on the basis of the terrestrial mollusk record.

4.Discussion

The CLP is located in a middle-latitude region where the East Asian winter and summer monsoons prevail,causing this region very sensitive to changes in both the high and low latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.The winter monsoon carries cold,dry air from the high latitude,whereas summer monsoon brings warm,moist air over the low-latitude oceans into this region.Therefore,the thick eolian deposits in the CLP have great potentials of preserving the footprints of these two monsoons since the early Miocene (Liu,1985;An et al.,2001;Guo et al.,2002;Hao and Guo,2004).In the present study,the focus is placed on the development of the summer monsoon over the Pliocene warm period.

The mollusk record appears to suggest that the mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes has played an important role in shaping the East Asian summer monsoon at an orbital time scale.Obliquity is an important factor in controlling the latitudinal distribution of insolation (Berger,1984).When this factor is large,the summer insolation increases at middle latitudes and decreases at low latitudes,strengthening the meridional mean summer insolation gradient.Meridional insolation gradients can exert controls on the atmospheric circulation (Berger,1976;Young and Bradley,1984;Johnson,1991).Elevated such mean summer insolation gradients raises the air pressure gradient from low to middle latitudes and enhances the summer monsoon circulation,amplifying the moisture and heat transport over the low-latitude oceans to the middle-latitude CLP.In addition,local insolation is also an important factor impacting the East Asian summer monsoon as indicated by correlations between the two thermo-humidiphilous mollusk genera and the maximum values of the 35°N insolation.Therefore,both effects,increases of insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes and local insolation,remains as the likely driving forces behind the intensi ?ed summer monsoon and the expansion of thermo-humidiphilous mollusks during the Pliocene.A similar mechanism has also been proposed for the development of the late Quaternary East Asian summer monsoon on the basis of thermo-humidiphilous terrestrial mollusks in the loess –palaeosol deposits in the CLP (Chen and Wu,2008;Rousseau et al.,2009).However,in the present paper we cannot give any evidence supporting that which factor,local insolation or insolation gradient,is more predominant on the precession bands at the present temporal resolution.Higher resolution studies are needed to focus on this issue.

The idea that insolation gradients can in ?uence the climate at an orbital time scale has long been proposed.Early in the 1960s,Kutzbach et al.(1968)argued that changes in insolation gradient

are

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e11959473.html,parisons among thermo-humidiphilous mollusks (Metodontia and Punctum ),obliquity,mean summer insolation gradient between 35°N and 0°,as well as mean summer insolation at 35°N.Obliquity and insolation data are from Laskar et al.(2004)

.

Fig.4.Spectrum analysis of the dominant thermo-humidiphilous mollusks group (Metodontia and Punctum )(A)and mean summer insolation gradient between 35°N and 0°(B)from 5.1to 3.5Ma.Maximum entropy spectral analysis was performed using the PPPHALOS software (Guiot and Goeury,1996).

76 F.Li,N.Wu /Global and Planetary Change 72(2010)73–78

great enough to impact https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e11959473.html,ter,Young and Bradley(1984) suggested that the hemispheric insolation gradients have played an important role in driving the global atmospheric circulation during the past150ka,and may have modulated the transport of moisture to high latitudes.Similarly,Johnson(1991)concluded that changes in insolation gradient can greatly amplify and alter the climatic effects of insolation variations.Recently,Raymo and Nisancioglu(2003) suggested that variations in the mean summer insolation gradient between high and low latitudes may exert a dominant control on the high-latitude climate between3and0.8Ma.However,little is known from the pre-Pleistocene geological archives.The Pliocene terrestrial mollusk record from the western CLP suggests a possible causal link between the East Asian summer monsoon and the insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes.An increased such meridional mean summer insolation gradient strengthened the atmospheric circulation including the East Asian summer monsoon(Trenberth and Caron,2001)and ampli?ed the moisture and heat transport to the middle-latitude regions including CLP,triggering the rapid expansion of the warmth-and moisture-loving mollusk taxa in the studied region during the Pliocene.Our study on the Pliocene mollusk fauna thus provides further evidence for insolation-gradient impacts on the development of the monsoon system at an orbital time scale.It should be pointed out that,although the growth and development of the Pliocene thermo-humidiphilous mollusks in the CLP was clearly related to the insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes and the local insolation,other possible in?uences cannot be excluded, such as the insolation gradient between high and low latitudes which may exert a dominant control on high-latitude atmospheric merid-ional transport of moisture and heat(Raymo and Nisancioglu,2003), and thus may also have probable moisture input to the middle-latitude regions.

Apart from the insolation gradients and local insolation,another factor also probably played an active role in the development of the East Asian summer monsoon in the Pliocene.The closure of the Panama and Indonesian seaways changed the heat distribution in the Paci?c and Atlantic,causing reorganization of the global climate patterns(e.g.,Haug and Tiedemann,1998;Cane and Molnar,2001). For instance,this event altered the atmospheric moisture?ux from a latitudinal to meridional transport,resulting in an increase in moisture at middle and high latitudes(Young and Bradley,1984; Raymo and Nisancioglu,2003).The closure of these seaways probably strengthened and enlarged the western Paci?c warm pool,an important source of water vapor and latent heat for the higher latitudes(Maier-Reimer et al.,1990;Yan et al.,1992;Mikolajewicz et al.,1993;Mikolajewicz and Crowley,1997;Haug and Tiedemann, 1998;Chaisson and Ravelo,2000;Li et al.,2004).As such,an enlarged warm pool would have resulted in a strengthened summer monsoon and,subsequently,increased precipitations over the CLP,creating favorable conditions for the thermo-humidiphilous mollusk fauna.

It has been suggested that prior to2.75Ma,the East Asian summer and winter monsoon indicators,i.e.,magnetic susceptibility and grain size,respectively,are in phase with one another whereas after 2.75Ma,the summer and winter monsoon indicators are out of phase with one another(Clemens et al.,2008).In our study,the cross spectral analysis of the thermo-humidiphilous mollusk time series relative to cold-aridiphilous time series shows that they are not in phase with one another from5.1Ma to3.5Ma at the obliquity bands, differing from the?ndings by Clemens et al.(2008).There may be at least two reasons for this difference.First,the result from the cross spectral analysis may contain some deviations because the cold-aridiphilous snails are not continuous in distribution in the section during the Pliocene warm period due probably to a weak winter monsoon during this period.Therefore,the cold-aridiphilous terres-trial mollusks are not suitable for cross spectral analysis.Second, climatic conditions inferred from different climatic proxy indicators, such as grain size,magnetic susceptibility,and terrestrial mollusks,may differ because of their different sensitivity to climate change.For instance,the grain size,a proxy of winter monsoon,shows a dominant 100ka cycle and a weak41ka frequency during the late Pleistocene, similar to the cycle as re?ected by lithologic characters in the loess–palaeosol succession(Ding et al.,1995),whereas the cold-aridiphilous mollusk fossils,another winter monsoon proxy,shows a dominant 100kyr and a strong41ka cycle in the past350ka(Wu et al.,2000, 2001).

5.Conclusions

The Pliocene terrestrial mollusk record from the western Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP)shows that thermo-humidiphilous taxa predom-inate during5.1to3.5Ma,indicating the prevalence of warm,moist conditions with intensi?ed summer monsoons.The peak values of the sum of Metodontia and Punctum,the two typical thermo-humidiphilous mollusk taxa,correspond approximately to the maxima of the mean summer insolation gradient between middle and low latitudes and some maximum values of the35°N insolation.Furthermore,the dominant orbital frequencies obtained from these two warmth-and moisture-loving taxa match those obtained from the meridional mean summer insolation-gradient variability,thus suggesting a possible causal link between the summer monsoon and the insolation gradient. The mean summer insolation gradient exerts controls on atmospheric circulations of the summer monsoon and,subsequently,the moisture and heat transport to the CLP located at middle-latitude regions,thus affecting the expansion or shrinkage of the thermo-humidiphilous mollusk fauna in this region.Spectrum analysis of the faunal record suggests that local insolation may be also important for the faunal abundance and the development of the summer monsoon during the Pliocene.As such,the mollusk record from the Pliocene loess–palaeosol deposits in the western CLP not only provides further evidence for insolation-gradient impacts on the evolution of the East Asian monsoon in the Pliocene,extending the validity of the insolation-gradient hypothesis on orbital time scales to the early Pliocene,but also may provide an impetus for model test of the relationship between the East Asian monsoon and insolation gradient.

Acknowledgements

This study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-117),the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Projects40730104,40972119,and40702030),the president excellent prize of Chinese Academy of Sciences,and China Postdoc-toral Science Foundation(200801110and20070420066).Drs. Qingzhen Hao and Yunpeng Pei provided valuable?eld assistance and spectral analysis.The cross spectral analysis and calculation of the insolation were conducted by Drs.Guangshan Chen and Li Qin, respectively.Suggestions and comments by Drs.Steven Clemens and Slobodan Markovic greatly improved the quality of the manuscript. Special thanks go to Dr.George Gao from the Ontario Geological Survey for careful improvement of https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6e11959473.html,eful discussion was also made with Dr.Denis-Didier Rousseau.

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建投香丽高速公路土建施工第十项目部“四新”技术推广应用方案 建投香丽高速公路土建施工第十项目部 2018年3月

目录 一、工程概况 ----------------------------------------- - 1 - 二、新技术应用计划 ----------------------------------- - 1 - 2.1、本工程选用的新技术 --------------------------- - 1 - 三、新技术应用解析 ----------------------------------- - 2 - 3.1、工字木梁模板施工工法 ------------------------- - 2 - 3.2、混凝土控温、控裂技术(大体积混凝土施工)------ - 7 - 3.3、大直径钢筋直螺纹连接技术 -------------------- - 10 - 3.4、松散堆积体及小型滑坡钢管桩施工工法----------- - 11 - 3.5、负弯矩拉装置及台车技术 ---------------------- - 12 - 四、新技术应用实施管理措施 -------------------------- - 13 - 4.1、经济措施 ------------------------------------ - 13 - 4.2、组织措施 ------------------------------------ - 13 - 4.3、技术管理措施 -------------------------------- - 13 -

新技术应用与推广方案 一、工程概况 香丽第十工区项目部位于市境,起点K85+200位于市龙蟠乡新联村,止点K94+200位于龙蟠乡星明村,路线全长9Km,其中路基12段,里程4.87KM,桥梁11座,里程3.8KM,隧道一座,里程0.33KM;桥隧里程占比45.73%(桥隧造价占比78.12%)。本项目部协议工程量清单总价93310.1299万元,原设计台帐+变更台帐金额为81821.8054万元。岩羊1#连续刚构大桥是本项目的控制性工程。 岩羊1号大桥位于香格里拉至高速公路10标段岩羊村段,岩羊村东侧约300处,为跨越山谷而设,中心里程K90+780,是本项目部的控制性工程之一。该桥位于整体式的路线段,单幅桥宽为12米。左幅桥跨布置为:((3×29)+(4×29))米连续T梁+(83+150+150+83)米连续刚构+(5×29)米连续T梁,里程:K90+339~K91+161,桥长为822米。右幅桥跨布置为2×(4×29)连续T梁+(83+150+150+83)米连续刚+2×(3×29))米连续T梁,里程: K90+309~K91+193,桥长为884米。 二、新技术应用计划 2.1、本工程选用的新技术 “科学技术是第一生产力”,要使科技成果尽快转化为生产力,产生经济效益和社会效益,关键在于推广应用。在施工期间,我们将对工程技术难点进行攻关。同时,将把施工现场作为科技进步的主战场,围绕工程项目,根据施工需要,充分推广应用“四新”科技成果,采用先进合理的技术措施和现代化管理手段,提高质量、缩短工期、降低消耗、提高效益,

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