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殷墟讲解词英文李阳阳1

概况

General Introduction to Yinxu

Hello everyone, welcome to Anyang ,welcome to Yinxu. It’s my great honour to being your personal guide .

First I will make a general introduction to this place .

As the ancient capital city of later period of Shang Dynasty , Yin Ruins is more than 3,000 years old .Around 1300 BC ,the 20th Shang king Pangeng relocated their capital city here , present Anyang but historilly called Yin . It lasted 255 years ,12 kings for 8 generations . At last , in 1046 BC ,the city declined after the dynasty was overthrown . So the place became ruins, and was called Yinxu in the history. Therefore,today we call it Yinxu is just to mean the ruins of Yin Dynasty .

(Yinxu in China ,is just like Pyramid in Eygpt , Harappa city site in India , and it’s the witness of the long history and splendid culture of China .)

Well ,we see th e tablet ahead “ The Cradle Of Chinese Writing ”,it is to tell you Anyang is the birthplace of the Oracle Bone Inscription , just means the cradle of Chinese character .The Chinese character upward is written by our famous calligrapher Mr. Shengpeng.

The gate was designed according to the pictograph “gate ” in Oracle Bone Inscription . The black decorative pattens obviously have the feature of the Shang times . Its designer is Mr. Yanghongyun , the famous

expert of ancient architecture of China . The five characters on the forehead were inscribed by Mr. Zhou Gucheng . Most important , you can see on both sides of the gate ---Gold sculptures, one of the earliest image of drago n . Of course ,it’s created according to one jade that excavated from Fuhao’s tomb. At last you will see the original place .

Through the gate we can see the Great Simuwu Qua dripod , it’s the heaviest bronze vessel of all of the world up to now . But this one is two times enlarged ,a replica. In Chinese quadripod is called Ding , and symblizes power and different degrees.

Okay , first we will go to see the Yinxu Museum .

大殿：

Now you have arrived at the Exibitionhall of the excavation history .

First of all ,we see Wang Yirong .During Qing Dynasty , here were fields , the local person found a lot of ancient bones underground . They believed that the bones is a kind of Chinese medicine. Up to the year 1899 , the famous educationist Wang Yirong bought the Chinese medicine “drag o n bone” ,he found a lot of interesting inscriptions on it. He studied on it .Then we know this is the earlist character of China.

After Wang Yirong , so many people studied on the interesting inscriptions, for example : Liu E ,Luo Zhenyu ,Wang Guowei , and Guo Moruo.

Second , let’s see the back , you can know the formal exavation of

Yinxu.

From the year 1928 to present ,we have found the palace sites , the Royal Cemetry sites ,and a large number of Oracle Bones .

Also you can see many tools the excavaters used. There are: Compass, calipers, a variety of kerosene lamps, cameras, radios, scales, test tubes, straw hat, water bottles, a variety of mining tools and so on .

At the end ,this hall was built on the original site .

YH127

Next spot we’ll look at is the model of YH127 Deposit of oracle bones ,unearthed in 1936. The original deposit, weighed 6 ton, was divided into 17,096 fragments, including 8 pieces of ox bones, and 300 pieces of complete turtle shells. It recorded plenty of informations of agriculture, military affairs, politics and so on. It was named the world’s earliest library. At the bottom of the pit, there was a twisted human skeleton lying on his side on the oracle bones. The excavators held that this skeleton was buried at the same time with the oracle bones, and perhaps he was the person who was in charge of the oracle bones.

On the walls, you can see the pictures taken at that time. You can find that the excavation of this pit is scientific. For it’s too big to be cleaned and sorted out in a short time in the field, the earth lump of the oracle bones was decided to be cased in a specially-made wooden box and carried to

Nanjing to continue the cleaning and sorting work in rooms. Since the box with bones weighed 6 tons, they organized 64 workers to carry it, from the excavation place to Anyang train station, they spent two days and nights. Then it was transported to Nanjing by train, and protected well when the staff opened the cover. According to the later research, the oracle bones of this pit all belong to the period of emperor Wuding. And the bones with characters written in red or black ink were found in this pit.

There were also many shells of sea turtles found, the largest piece of shell is 44cm long and 35cm wide. The experts identified that it was from the Malay Island.

车马坑展厅：

Now we will enjoy the chariots of Shang Dynasty ---The Exibitionhall of chariots during Shang times.

Coming into the exibitionhall we can see six chariots and a piece of road remains .They are original things ,but not the real place .

During Shang times ,it was a slave society .People did not know what was death , they just thought they would went to the other world . So they would take the things together with them when they died . So the things here were burial things . More things in chariot symblize higher degrees .

The two replecas will tell you how to use the chariots.

The front part is called Heng , used as a steering wheel , the two crosses are called E ,used to hit the neck of the horses , the straight part called Yuan , is the carrige , with two wheels ,also have hide rounded , and it can make the chariots more comfortable .

The straight one is earlier , the curve one is later . Of course , the later one is more comfortable .Also you can see a dragon head that indicates only kings or nobles can use it .

妇好墓

Out of the Exhibition Hall of No.YH127 oracle bone deposit pit, we’re going to visit FuHao’s Tomb. FuHao, who is the wife of emperor Wuding of the Shang dynasty, is the first woman general in Chinese recorded history. She was both intelligent and brave and good at martial arts. Once, she led 13,000 selected soldiers on northern, western and eastern expeditions and conquered over 20 states, after her death, Wuding buried her with a large number of funerary items, and built a temple hall on the munsoleum. For FuHao’s tomb was buried in the palace area, not in the mausoleum area, it remained complete for thousands of years, and is the only well-reserved tomb of Shang royal members. Through the way, you must be attracted by the sensational sculptures, such as dragon, pheonix and so on. Those are the copies of the wares in FuHao’s Tomb.

Arriving at the square, we’ll see a beautiful status 3.5 meters high. That’s FuHao, our first woman general. She holds her favorite weapon yue. At

her back is the sacrificial hall. When Wuding missed her, he came here. This way please, we’ll go down into the tomb to visit. The FuHao’s tomb was unearthed in 1976, 5.6m long, 4m wide and 7.5m deep. It’s burial chamber under the foundation was in the shape of a shaft with many kinds of funerary objects buried in 7 layers. There were over 1928 pieces of objects unearthed from the tomb, including bronze vessels, jade wares, stone wares, bone implements, potteries and so on. In addition, there were over 6880 cowries. In 1999, FuHao’s tomb was restored.

Out of FuHao’s tomb, in the north stands the stone to memory Chairman Mao’s inspection in 1952, see, our leader has paid much attention to the Yin Ruins.

Now, my commentary is over, thank you for your listening all the way, and welcome your visit next time, thanks again!

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下面我给大家介绍天河山旅游区概况。天河山旅游区位于河北省邢台县清泉村，距邢台市区65公里。景区横跨晋、冀两省，面积30多平方公里。是融塞北风光、峡谷奇观、水乡风韵于一体的观光旅游区。旅游区分为四大主题区域：爱情广场游乐区，九天银河观光区、夫子岭休闲度假区、老牛眼生态探险区。大约在14——18亿年以前，这里曾是一片汪洋，由于地壳变动，使山体形成褶皱，再经过数亿年的流水切割、风雨侵蚀，形成了今天天河山的峰峦叠嶂、峡谷川流。景区内奇峰林立，怪石嶙峋，清泉筝鸣，群瀑飞雪，芳草萋萋，绿树掩映。为满足广大游客多元需求，景区整合自身独有资源，秉承生态天河、人文天河、体验天河的总体理念，倾力把天河山打造成爱情之山、浪漫之山、欢乐之谷。天河山旅游区主要景点有：天河湖、爱情广场、鸳鸯池、蝶仙谷、九天银河、浴仙池、情人谷、牛郎庄、月老峰、清凉谷、七仙柳、夫子岭、圣母庙、林海草原、灵应頂、龙脊岭、原始橡林、天河渡、二郎峡、天下第一牝等五十多处。另外，还有中国人民银行的前身——冀南银行旧址、八路军一二九师医院旧址、烈士岩、藏金洞等红色旅游景点。其中，蝶仙双飞、仙池沐浴、仙峰盟誓、圣庙许愿、玄牝悟道、织锦赛巧、观日听涛、生态探险为天河山八大景观。现在，天河山已成为旅游观光的名景胜地，婚纱摄影的外景拍摄地，素质拓展的培训基地，太行猕猴保护基地。尤其是激情漂流项目，落差大，水流急，惊险刺激，被游客誉为"中国情侣第一漂"。欢迎你参观、参与。天河山是牛郎织女故事的原生地，天河梁的下面有个小村庄，名叫牛郎峪，牛郎就出生在那个小村子里，后来老牛牵线，牛郎织女结为连理，共同演译了牛郎织女的爱情故事。五十年代初长春电影制片厂拍摄电影《天河配》时，这里曾是主要外景拍摄地，当地许多村民还扮演过群众演员角色。天河梁周围有很多处历史遗存，有自然形成的地名、村落，如南天池、牛郎峪、织女寨等。经多位民俗和历史学家考证，牛郎织女的故事就发生在天河山一带。2005年，天河山景区因天下第一牝、牛郎织女故事原生地以及《天河配》外景拍摄地而在国家工商行政管理总局注册为中国爱情山。天河山景区雄、奇、险、秀、幽交相生辉，既有北国风光雄伟之姿，又有江南神韵山水俏丽之容。景区年平均气温18℃，盛夏之时，这里仍凉爽宜人。景区内原始次生林古木参天，奇花异草遍地皆是，珍禽异兽随处可见。空气中氧负离子含量是城市的几十倍，是休闲度假、新婚度蜜月的绝佳去处。

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10.GardenSquare 11.wusiRoad 12.atthegateofTheFreshFlowerworld(parkingfor15minutes) 13.Backoftheaffiliatedhospital 14.wusiRoad 15.zhongshanRoad 16.XinghaiSquare(parkingfor20minutes) 17.BinhaiRoad 18.northBridge 19.TigerSculpturesonTigerbeach(parking,toiletfor15minutes) 20.zhongnanRoad 21.chaoyangStreet 22.LuxunRoad 23.FriendshipShoppingmall(40minutes) （码头引导客人上车，清点人数致欢迎词）首先自我介绍：我叫XXX,我来自XXX旅行社，我们的司机师傅姓X,我们可以称呼他X师傅，大家今天在大连的游览就是由我们两位为大家服务。(Guidethegueststogetonthebusatthedock,countthenumberoftheguests,mak eaself-introductionanddeliverawelcomingspeech) Goodmorningtoeveryone!Firstofall,i ‘dliketointroducemyselftoyou:i'm....,fromchinaTravelagency.ourdr ivertodayis….wecallhim......welcometothebeautifulcoastalcityofdalian!Pl

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殷商考古专家杨锡璋认为，在殷墟王陵墓葬中，只有四条墓道的大墓才符合国王的身份。他对殷墟王陵西区大墓进行考古分期，提出最早的M1001、M1550、M1400号墓分属殷王武丁、祖庚、祖甲，其次的M1004、M1002、M1500、M1217号墓分属殷王廪辛、康丁、武乙、文丁，后期的M1003号墓为殷王帝乙之墓。至于那座未完成的只有墓室而未筑墓道的“空大墓”，本应为殷王帝辛（殷纣王）而修筑，只是因周武王伐商，帝辛自焚而死，未能如愿埋入。这座“空大墓”也成了失落千古的殷陵掌故。在王陵遗址的东区和西区，还分布着2000余座小墓葬，其中东区已发掘1383座，西区发掘104座。这些墓葬除少数为陪葬外，大多是祭祀坑，是商王祭祀祖先的遗迹。这些祭祀坑呈长方形、方形等，集中而又有规律地成组排列。安阳市为了殷墟申报世界文化遗产，于2001年新征地11.2公顷，对殷墟王陵遗址墓室和祭祀坑遗迹采用地下封存、地上标识的展示方法，先后完成了M260号大墓复原展示和保护房工程、12座王陵大墓以植侧柏标识，480余座祭祀坑、兽祭坑展示工程、殷陵馆改造、文物陈列展示、遗址绿化和道路建设等工程。有效地解决了殷墟王陵遗址的保护与展示问题，改善了殷墟王陵内部的环境。游客登上王陵区新建的瞭望台，即可看到殷墟王陵所展示的诸多大墓和祭祀遗迹景观。殷墟王陵遗址的保护与展示工程，经过五年的施工，现已成为一个初具规模的集文物保护、学术考察、宣传教育和旅游观光为一体的文博单位。 2. 亞字形墓室的象征殷代国王构筑的大墓亞字形椁室，形制比较复杂，比营建一般方形、中字形、甲字形陵墓困难，而且又费工料。后人对此多有揣测。国内有学者认为，构筑这种亞字形墓室并非为了美观，而是自有一定的涵义，应该是当时丧礼的一种，象征着贵族社会的礼制建筑。也就是说，这种亞字形墓室可能是古代宗庙明堂建筑的象征，表现了后者最具代表性的亞字形特征。殷代的王公贵族死后，地上的亞字形建筑是他们的灵魂寄托所，而地下的亞字形椁室则是他们的尸体埋葬处。英国也有学者认为，这种亞字形墓室具有某种特殊的含义，反映了殷人的宇宙观。亞字形是殷人心目中的土地之形，当时按亞字形来划分土地、上界、下界，亞字形所代表的土地可分成中央和四方五部分。这一形式也是中庭连四厢的布局，人站立于四个方向的中央，最易取得和谐之感；而死者安睡在亞字形椁室的中央，灵魂可直接享受四方供品。 “亞”字形墓有M1001号、M1002号、M1003号、M1004号、M1400号等8个，其中M1001号武丁墓是殷墟比较典型的一座大墓，从中可以窥见殷代王陵的基本形制和埋葬情况。（图三七） A

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Bob is taller than John. John is the tallest of the three. John is the tallest in his class. 写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级： 1. nice ______________________ 2. fat ____________________ 3. slow _____________________ 4. dry ____________________ 5. happy ____________________ 6. wet ____________________ 7. much ____________________ 8. ill _____________________ 9. little _____________________ 10. bad ___________________ 11. thin ______________________ 12. far ____________________ 13. early _____________________ 14. careful_________________ 15. exciting ___________________ 16. busy __________________ 2. 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空： 1. Mr. Smith is _________ man in this office. (rich) 2. Winter is _________ season of the years. (cold) 4. It is much _______ today than yesterday. (hot) 5. She is a little ________ than her classmates. (careful) 6. ________ people came to the meeting than last time. (many) 7. Which book is ________, this one or that one? (easy) 8. My room is _______ than yours. (small) 9. Hainan is _______ from Beijing than Hunan. (far) 10. Skating is _______ than swimming. (exciting) 11. Jim is _______ than all the others. (honest) 12. Things are getting _______ and _______. (bad) 13. The higher you climb, the _______ it will be. (cold) 14. Now his life is becoming ________ and _______. (difficult) 用适当形式填空： 1. Bob is _________ ( young ) than Fred. but ___________ (tall) than Fred. 2. Almost all the students' faces are the same ,but Li Deming looks _______ (fat) than before after the summer holidays. 3.Which is _________ (heavy), a duck or a chicken? 5.-- How _________ (tall) is Sally? --She' s 1.55 metres ________ (tall). What about Xiaoling? -- She' s only 1.40 metres ________ (tall). She is much _______ (short) than Sally. She is also the _______ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is ______ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _______ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _________ (bad) at English. 7. Annie says Sally is the ________ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_________(friendly) people in the class, I think. 9. A dictionary is much _________ (expensive) than a story-book. 10. An orange ia a little ______ (big) than an apple, but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.