现在分词作状语及习题

现在分词作状语

一、现在分词具有形容词和副词的特征，用作副词时，充当时间、条件、原因、伴随、结果、方式以及让步状语。

1. 作时间状语，可改为时间状语从句，分词前可加while或when等连词。

When comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. =When we compare different cultures… (06全国)

2. 作条件状语，可改为条件状语从句，分词前可加once, until, if等连词。

Turning to the right, you will find the path leading to the park. =If you turn to the left …

3. 作原因状语，可改为原因状语从句。

Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time passing the exam. =Because/ As he had been ill in bed… (04福建)

4. 作结果状语，可改为which引导的非限制性定语从句，分词前可加thus，加强语气。

Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record $57.65 a barrel on April. =…, which reach a record $57.65 a barrel on April. (05山东)

5. 作让步状语，可改为让步状语从句，分词前可加although, though, even if, even though等连接词。

Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university. = Though his parents lack money, they … (02上海)

6. 作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列谓语。

About one-six undergraduates in Beijing this year are willing to spend as much as 2,6oo Yuan on driving courses, seeing it as an investment in their future.

= …, and see it as an investment in their future.

“You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, running away =…and ran away (05全国)

7. 作方式状语。Jack came here, running.

二、现在分词的时态以及否定形式

分词的动作与谓语同时发生用一般式，可转化为on+动名词或when/while引导的时间状语从句，从句根据语境用一般过去时或过去进行时；分词动作先于谓语动词用完成式，可转化为after+动名词的一般式或after /when引导的时间状语从句，从句中用完成式；现在分词的否定式：not+分词构成。

Hearing his father’s voice, the boy turned off the TV set at once.

= On hearing his father’s voice…或When the boy heard father’s voice, he…

Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. （04北京）

=After waiting in the queue…或When Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour, he…

三、现在分词的逻辑主语及独立结构

分词作状语，逻辑主语与句子主语一致；如不一致时，分词带上自己的逻辑主语，形成独立主格结构。

误：While watching television, the doorbell rang. (05全国)

正：While watching television, we heard the doorbell ring. (05全国)

误：Being sunny, we went on a spring outing.

正：It being sunny, we went on a spring outing.

四、掌握以下区别

1. 首动词的用法区别

动词不定式作目的状语，句①；过去分词短语作状语，表被动、完成，句②；祈使句+and/or+简单句，句③；现在分词作状语，表主动，其完成式表动作先于谓语发生，句④；动名词作主语，句⑤。

①To find out more about university courses, call(920)746-3789 (05浙江)

②Mailed out automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club remembers.（06上海）

③Go straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.（2004 湖北）

④Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.（2000上海）

⑤Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (02上海)

2. 不定式与分词作结果状语的区别

European football is played in 80 countries, making it the most popular sports in the world.一种因果关系。(NMET98)

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 一种出乎意料的结果。(05广东)

3. 分词短语作状语与从句的区别

误：Not having found a proper partner, so he gave up the double act.

正：Not having found a proper partner, he gave up the double act.

正：He had not found a proper partner, so he gave up the double act.

五、注意一些特殊用法

judging by从……来判断；generally/frankly/strictly/honestly speaking通常地讲，坦白地说，严格地讲，诚实地说；considering考虑到，就……而言，鉴于；supposing假定，假设，设想；seeing that鉴于，由于，因为；given that考虑到；provided/providing that如果，假如……的情况下；to begin with起初、开始，首先、第一；to make things worse使事情更糟糕等

【创新试题】：

1. Companies turn to the public, ______ people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits.

A. invite

B. to invite

C. inviting

D. having invited

2. I ran to the horse, ______how to pet it, just _____ the most beautiful creature.

A. not even knowing；excited to see

B. didn’t even know；excited to see

C. not even knowing；exciting to see

D. not even known；excited seeing

3. Just after a meeting of officials of world powers, Iraq and neighboring states, suicide bombers killed 29 people in Baghdad on Sunday, _____ the present situation more serious.

A. made

B. making

C. having made

D. to make

4. The first 10 copies of the books you subscribed in advance are being delivered to you, the rest_____ in a few days.

A. follows

B. to follow

C. will follow

D. being followed

5. ______ in the forest for a few days, the students, luckily enough, were met by the local villagers.

A. Lost

B. Losing

C. Being lost

D. Having lost

6. When______ a certain person, we’d better pay attention not only to his weaknesses but also to his strengths.

A. evaluated

B. being evaluated

C. evaluating

D. having evaluated

7. As the cartoon film began, these school children watched ______.

A. fascinated

B. fascinating

C. being fascinated

D. having fascinated

8. Before outing, we get well prepared. ______, we are informed of safety tips. Then we take necessary things in case we are cold, hungry, thirsty or in danger.

A. Beginning with

B. Having begun with

C. To begin with

D. Begin with

9. I looked through the questions, ______ that though they were much more difficult than expected, much to my relief, some of them seemed to have been done before.

A. noted

B. to note

C. noting

D. having noted

10. He’s been sitting there for more than an hour, not making any trouble _____ anything either.

A. and not order

B. but not to order

C. but not ordering

D. and didn’t order

11. My weekly plan, which made me almost mad, _____ me extremely _____.

A. left；tired

B. left；tiring

C. leaving；tired

D. leaving；tiring

12. Mr. Smiths offered us a lift when he was leaving the school, but our exercises _______, we refused the offer.

A. wasn’t finished

B. hadn’t been finished

C. not having finished

D. not being finished

13. ______ by her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.

A. Judging

B. Judged

C. To be judged

D. Having been judged

14. While striving to keep the economy growing, ________.

A. measures must be taken to save energy and cut pollution in China

B. China will do more to save energy and cut pollution in 2007

C. Monday's annual report indicates steps must be taken to save energy and cut pollution

D. as Monday's annual report shows, energy must be saved and pollution must be cut in China

15. —What will Andrew be doing in the fall.

—______ chemistry at a high school.

A. Teach

B. To teach

C. Teaching

D. Teaches

16. The dog, ______, will make a good working dog, _____as eyes, ears, or even arms and legs of the disabled.

A. properly to train；serving

B. trained properly；serving

C. training properly；to serve

D. to be trained properly；serving

17. —Can the project be finished as planned?

—Sure, ______ it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.

A. having got

B. to get

C. getting

D. get

18. _______, we’ll go on a spring outing and get relaxed.

A. Time permitted

B. Time permitting

C. Time permits

D. If time will permit

19. The whole day Joan stayed at home, washing and cleaning. Unfortunately, ______ the window, her fingers were badly cut.

A. to clean

B. having cleaned

C. while cleaning

D. while she was cleaning

20. ______ a night in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.

A. spending

B. Having spent

C. spent

D. to spent

【答案解析】：

1. 答案：C。现在分词用作伴随状语。

2. 答案：A。第一空现在分词用作状语，第二空过去分词作状语表示状态。

3. 答案：B。现在分词用作结果状语。

4. 答案：B。剩下的书籍接着邮来，不定式表示动作将发生。

5. 答案：A。be lost in…迷路的，沉浸于……，过去分词短语作状语。

6. 答案：C。“when or while+现在分词”作状语，也可理解为省略句，它相当于一个时间状语从句：When we evaluate a certain person, we’d better…

7. 答案：A。分词作状语表示一种状态，主语是人所以用过去分词。

8. 答案：C。To begin with固定用法,“起初，开始；首先，第一”。

9. 答案：C。现在分词充当伴随状语。

10. 答案：C。并列结构，D项也不合乎句意。

11. 答案：A。第一空为谓语动词，第二空过去分词作宾补。

12. 答案：D。分词的独立结构作but引起的转折分句的作原因状语，而非表示原因的句子。

13. 答案：A。judging by, to judge from固定用法，“从……来判断”。

14. 答案：B。striving to keep the economy growing的逻辑主语是China.

15. 答案：C。可以看作是He will be teaching at a high school的省略句。

16. 答案：B。第一空过去分词作表被动，第二空现在分词作状语表示主动。

17. 答案：B。动词不定式作目的状语。

18. 答案：B。分词的复合结构作状语。

19. 答案：D。while引导的时间状语从句，句子的主语the window不是分词cleaning的逻辑主语，所以不能选择C项。

20. 答案：B。现在分词的完成时作时间状语，如果现在分词所表示的动作先于谓语动词的动作时，现在分词用完成式。