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胡杨第四次翻译作业

Evaluation of 1D and 2D numerical models for predicting

river flood inundation

M.S. Horritt a,*, P.D. Bates b,1

a School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.

b School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK Abstract

1D and 2D models of flood hydraulics (HEC-RAS, LISFLOOD-FP and TELEMAC-2D) are tested on a 60 km reach of the river Severn, UK. Synoptic views of flood extent from radar remote sensing satellites have been acquired for flood events in 1998 and 2000. The three models are calibrated, using floodplain and channel friction as free parameters, against both the observed inundated area and records of downstream discharge. The predictive power of the models calibrated against inundation extent or discharge for one event can thus be measured using independent validation data for the second. The results show that for this reach both the HEC-RAS and TELEMAC-2D models can be calibrated against discharge or inundated area data and give good predictions of inundated area, whereas the LISFLOOD-FP needs to be calibrated against independent inundated area data to produce acceptable results. The different predictive performances of the models stem from their different responses to changes in friction parameterisation.

Keywords: Flood forecasting; Modelling; Calibration; Validation; Remote sensing Source: Journal of Hydrology 268 (2002) 87–99

对预测洪水泛滥的一维、二维数值模型的评价

胡杨译

学号：14213376 第4次

摘要

洪水水力学的一维和二维模型（HEC-RAS，LISFLOOD-FP和TELEMAC-2D）在英国塞文河60公里跨度上进行了测试。从雷达遥感卫星的洪水淹没范围的概况影像已在1998年到2000年用于观测洪水事件。三个模型用泛滥区和河道摩擦为自由变量来校准观察到的淹没区和下游的流量记录。该模型校准对淹没范围或一次洪水事件的流量预测能力，可以使用独立的验证数据进行二次测量。结果表明， HEC-RAS和TELEMAC-2D模型都能进行校准流量或淹没地区数据，得到良好的预测淹没地区，而LISFLOOD-FP需要校准独立的淹没区数据以产生可接受的结果。这些模型的预测性能的不同，源于他们对于摩擦参数的变化不同的反应。

关键词：防凌；黄河上游；优化模型；水库防凌存储

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翻译理论与实践(1)

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平衡记分卡Balanced scorecard 批次级成本 Batch-level costs 观念系统Belief systems 标杆管理Benchmarking 账面价值Book value 瓶颈Bottleneck 边界系统Boundary systems 盈亏平衡点Breakeven point 预算Budget 预算成本Budgeted cost 预算松弛Budgetary slack 预算间接成本分配率Budgeted indirect-cost rate 捆绑产品Bundled product 业务功能成本Business function costs 副产品Byproducts 资本预算Capital budgeting 储囤成本Carrying costs 现金预算Cash budget 因果图 Cause-and-effect diagram 财务管理认证Certified in financial management 注册管理会计师Certified management accountant 财务总监Chief financial officer 决定系数Coefficient

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沟通过程模式能揭示信息沟通过程中各系统各要素之间的先后次序、排列方式。结构形态及其与外界的联系，可以使我们从模式获得信息沟通的整体形象，认识信息流动中相关要素的互动状况。 (二)解释功能沟通过程模式为沟通中各种复杂关系提供解释和分析的形象，简化了理解沟通过程的步骤，并能用简洁、清晰的方式 (三)启发功能沟通过程模式能够启发沟通者和理论研究者密切关注沟通过程几个要素关系，据此采取积极主动的方式进行沟通过程调控，使沟通活动更顺利，达到有效沟通目的。 (四)预测功能沟通过程模式能够对某一项即将进行的沟通活动的内容。结果进行预测，提出达到良好沟通效果的可行性建议。 3、信息论沟通过程模式的优劣答：优点：为电信等信息传播渠道提供了一定的理论依据。不足：只描述了信息沟通的单向过程；视信息沟通过程为单向静态，忽视其社会客观性影响。 4、简述自我表露的原则答：(一)程度原则

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