传热英文讲义-热对流 heat transfer-convection

Convection

As mentioned earlier, there are three

mechanisms of heat transfer:

conduction, convection, and radiation.

Conduction and convection are similar in

that both mechanisms require material

medium, but the difference is that

convection requires the presence of

fluid motion. And heat transfer through

a liquid or gas can be by convection or

conduction, depending on if there is

presence of bulk fluid motion. In other

words, if there exists bulk fluid motion,

it is convection; if there is none, then it

is conduction.

Convection is complicated because it

involves fluid motion and heat

conduction. Thus, rate of heat transfer

by convection is higher than conduction.

And the higher the fluid velocity, the

higher the heat transfer rate.

Further reading about convection is available at

Although, convection is complex, the rate of convection heat transfer is observed to be proportional to the temperature difference and can be conveniently expressed by Newton’s law of cooling as

q conv=?(T s?T∞) (W/m2) (x.1)

or

Q conv=?A s(T s?T∞) (W)(x.2)

Where

h = convection heat transfer coefficient, W/m2·o C

A s = heat transfer surface area, m2

Ts = temperature of the surface, ?C

T∞= temperature of the fluid sufficiently far from the surface, ?C

Convection heat transfer coefficient h can be defined as the rate of heat transfer between a solid surface and a fluid per surface area per unit temperature difference. The convection coefficient is decided by variables influencing convection such as

surface geometry, the nature of fluid motion, the properties of the fluid, and the bulk fluid velocity.Typical values of h are given in Table x.1.

Table x.1

Nusselt Number

In convection studies, to nondimensionalise the governing equations, dimensionless numbers are introduced to reduce the number of total variables. Nusselt number, viewed as the dimensionless convection heat transfer coefficient is defined as:

Nu=?L c k

Where k is the thermal conductivity of the fluid and Lc is the characteristic length. The physical significance means the heat transfer ratio of convection to conduction. For Nu=1, the heat transfer is pure conduction.

Fluid flows

Heat transfer between moving fluid and solid surface or between moving fluid and interface (to/from air to falling drop).

It is commonly assumed that all resistance to heat/momentum transfer occurs in boundary layer defined as part of fluid adjacent to the surface where velocity/temperature changes. Outside boundary layer velocity/temperature is constant.

(a)Velocity boundary layer

The fluid flow is characterised by two regions:

- Thin fluid layer (boundary layer) in which velocity gradients and shear stresses are large

- Free stream (region outside boundary layer) where velocity gradients and stresses are negligible

(b) Thermal (temperature) boundary layer

- Thin fluid layer of fluid in which temperature gradients are large-exists only when there is a difference between surface temperature and bulk temperature Thickness of boundary layer δt is the value of y for which: Ts?T

Ts?T

∞

=0.99

If the temperature distribution in boundary layer is known local heat flux from/to the surface can be calcul ated from Fourier’s law in the fluid (there is no fluid motion on the surface)

q s′′=?k f?eT

ey y=0 and q′′=??(T s?T

∞

)

In such case convective heat transfer coefficient can also be calculated (no need for experimental data or Buckingham theorem).

Local heat transfer coefficient

Integrating local heat transfer coefficient over the entire surface the average value can be calculated:

This method of calculation of heat flux to or from the surface is used in CFD packages (numerical solution of momentum and energy balance). In engineering calculations fully developed flows are usually considered therefore average heat transfer coefficients are commonly used (but not always).

Structures of boundary layers, local/average heat transfer coefficients

1.External flow

(a). Flow parallel to flat plate

Laminar part:

-Local convective heat transfer coefficient:

-average heat transfer coefficient ( integrate above from 0 to x):

Turbulent part:

-Local heat transfer coefficient:

-Mixed boundary layer conditions (part of the plate laminar, part turbulent):

(b). Flow around cylinder

Local heat transfer coefficient:

Average:

m and n are constants that can be found from literature.

(c). Flow around sphere (similar to flow around cylinder)

Internal flow:

The extent of boundary layer can be estimated from Re number

D –Tube diameter [m], μ - dynamic viscosity [Pa s], m& - mass flow rate [kg/s],u m - mean fluid velocity [m/s]

Thermal entrance regions:

(a). Laminar flow:

(b). Turbulent flow:

Nu number for different types of flow:

Fully developed laminar flow:

(a). Constant temperature at the wall Nu D=3.66

(b). constant heat flux at the wall Nu D=4.36

Laminar flow including entry region:

Fully developed turbulent flow (properties at T m)

(a). Chilton-Colburn equation:

(b). Dittus-Boelter equation:

(c). Sieder-Tate equation:

For noncircular tubes-hydraulic diameter D h=4A c/P, A c– flow crosssectionalarea, P –wetted perimeter (both in Re and Nu numbers)

Summary

You should:

A) know/understand that convective heat transfer coefficients depends on:

1. Type of flow: internal or external

2. Geometry: flat plate, around cylinder/sphere, inside the pipe, etc

3. Flow regime - Re number,

B) be able to select appropriate correlation (from literature) for given flow

conditions,

C) be able to distinguish between local or average heat transfer coefficient.

《金工实习A》教学大纲(试行)

《金工实习A》教学大纲（试行） 一、课程基本信息 开课单位现代工程训练中心课程代码GE09039 课程名称金工实习A英文名称Metalworking practice A 课程性质必修学分2 总学时64先修课程工程制图、工程材料 开课学期夏季适应专业近机近电类专业、2+X项目制 训练中基础训练部分 二、课程描述 中文： 金工实习A是一门涵盖机械、电气、控制、管理等多学科集成的具有多层次、多模块、柔性化的实践性技术基础课，是近机械类有关专业教学计划中重要的实践教学环节之一。本课程以实践教学为主，安排学生进行独立操作，并辅以专题讲授。学生通过工程基本训练，获取先进的、系统的、视野宽阔的大工程知识背景，建立典型的制造业生产过程概念，培养工程素质、工程实践能力和创新能力。为后续课程的学习和今后的工作奠定基础。 英文： Metalworking practice A, as one of the most important practical teaching part in teaching plan of near-mechanical-related majors, is a multi-level, multi-module and flexible practical basic course covering various subjects, including mechanical, electrical, control and management. This course is mainly based on practical teaching to

精选金工实习归纳报告.doc

精选金工实习总结报告 两个星期短暂的金工实习结束了，老师每节课布置的实习任务也顺利地完成了，虽然时间过的很快，但它留给我的是很多的不舍和回味。不可否认，金工实习确实很累，每天都要早早地来到教室等待老师的讲解，但是金工实习可以让我们学到很多书本上没有的东西，况且对于我们这种非机械专业的学生来说，是很有帮助的，经过金工实习，我们终于懂得那些机器的零部件是如何生产出来的，我们又知道了机械专业对于现在的社会是如何的重要。 不得不说，“金工实习”是一门综合性很强的基础学科，对于我们这样的工科学生来说是非常必要的。因为我们平时可能懂得其中的理论知识，但到了真正用理论指导实践的时候，我们就会知道实践原来是多么的重要。在这么多天的实践中我有很多的体会与感想，现在容我慢慢道来。 第一天的是车工，也就是普通车床，加工和打磨一个阶梯轴。其实车床就是利用工件的旋转作用和刀具的移动来改变毛坯形状和尺寸的一种加工切削方法。老师要求我们使用游标卡尺来测量工件的大小，并且工件允许的误差范围在+-0.02mm之内，因为精度很高，所以使用普通车床进行加工切削很难掌握，最后经过详细地询问老师才最终完成任务。 接下来的是焊接，焊接分为熔化焊、压力焊、钎焊，而焊接的目的就是将两块分离的金属块焊接在一起。我们的小组有三个人，当天上午老师给我们上理论课，下午才开始焊接实操，按照焊接准则，在焊接前必须穿戴好防护衣、皮手套并戴好眼罩。

然后我把焊条夹在焊钳中，慢慢地靠近焊接的地方并点燃焊条，焊条保持在与金属4mm的地方，与焊缝约60°角，最后将焊条慢慢地横向移动，小心并且仔细，没过多久，一条焊缝就可以完成了，待到焊池完全冷却再用锤子把焊渣敲击掉，这样焊接的任务基本就完成了。 数控铣床。铣工分为顺铣与逆铣。首先我们在老师的指导下先在电脑上学会使用CAM软件画图并选用各种车刀，待我们画好需要加工的工件的图案后就可以使用专门的软件生成车床能识别的代码，我们学校只有两种数控铣床，一种是法兰克铣床，一种是广州数控铣床。在上课时，老师给我们播放了各种车床生产零件的视频，以前的我根本不知道那么多的精致零件、图案等是如何生产出来的，看了数铣技术所生产出来的产品，真是打开眼界!原来人类利用机器生产的水平是如此之高，太令人兴奋了!这么先进的技术，我们要做的工作就是设计好工件，并把工件放置好，对好刀，其他事情就交给电脑完成了。 电火花与热处理。电火花是使用电弧在瞬间放电所产生的高温对工件的表面进行加工的一种技术。电火花与线切割有一些相似的地方，都是使用高温进行加工，但电火花一般都是对工件的表面进行雕刻，老师先是给我们讲解了理论知识后就让我们上车床实操了，电火花雕刻时，我选择了心形的图案进行加工，虽然速度比较慢，但电火花雕刻时那种放电的兹兹声很让人喜欢。 热处理是使用退火，正火，淬火，回火的各种热处理对工件的内部结构进行加热，从而改变它们的硬度，脆性和含碳量。我们先使用正火对45钢进行加热到830°C并空冷，空

英文写作模板(据王老师讲义)

英文写作模板 包含：图表类作文模板、原因分析类作文模板、议论性文字作文模板。据王晓艳老师课堂讲义整理 结构：P1：描述图表；P2：分析图表；P3：结论 P1：描述图表 As is shown in the 图表类型above, dramatic changes have taken place in the 变量的名称-名词短语. The most obvious change was the 上升/下降变量,which had increased nearly by % ,while 下降/上升变量decreased roughly by % . The percentage if the remained stable between and . P2：分析图表； There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of most important ones here. Above all, development of technique and knowledge in native company stimulate the vitality of 变量-名词短语. What’s more,(culture influence) 原因2is an important reason of the decline/increase if the 变量-名词短语. Finally, 原因3. P3：结论 Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graph will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to . 比如交通事故原因分析及解决方案 结构：P1：改写课题；P2：原因分析；P3：解决方案；P4：预测、总结 P1：改写课题 Recently, there is a heated debate on the issue of . A recent study conducted by 机构名称revealed that 现象. Hence, it is of paramount importance that we ascertain the cause of 事件and identify the effective remedies of this phenomenon. P2：原因分析 As I see it, the cause of 现象are manifold. Firstly, 原因1. Secondly, 原因2. Last but not the least, 原因3 . P3：解决方案 Given the severity of , we have no alternative but to take vigorous measure to address this thorny issue. To begin with, 解决方案1. Further, 解决方案2. Lastly, 解决方案3. P4：预测、总结 To summarize, the cause of 现象are multiple. I just point out some of them. But if government, scientist and individual work together to resolve the problem, the 现象will fall/increase immediately. 第1页，共2页

化工原理专业英语课文翻译第五单元阅读材料.

本文由hufei0419贡献化学工业主要行业国税发化工行业需要，如011和天然气，石灰石和盐天然原料人数较少和转换（通过化学处理或化学反应）他们把几千年的化学中间体。正如我们已经看到，这些都是再转换到终端或消费者的产品。这15 11llportant指出，增加值15在每一个阶段，这个过程和最终产品的价值，可能有有哪些在开始使用的原料很多次。显然，在价值提升附加在每一个阶段必须超过15加工成本ifthe公司为实现其活动的利润。主要行业有化工行业国税发：。石化产品。氯碱一alkaliproducts 。聚合物。 Sulphuricacid（sulphurindustry）。染料。Ammoniaandfertilizers（nitrogenindustry）。农用化工产品。Phosphoricacidandphosphates 。制药（phosphorusindustry）石化行业提供了关键中间体或积木（从011和天然气提取），如乙烯，丙烯，苯，甲苯，这些都是一个巨大的有机化工工业的范围，这是在生产合成的出发点下游加工国税发国税发在其他行业的一些上市的关键中间体。 15对聚合物部门的主要使用者ofpetrochemical 中间体和消耗几乎一半的有机化工原料所生产的总产出。它包括塑料，合成纤维，橡胶，合成橡胶和粘合剂，它是与他们的特殊新材料，往往小说，物业，对有机化工行业1950年至1970年爆发性增长带来了巨大的需求。虽然染料行业15比前两个更小，它已与他们紧密的联系。这是由于传统的染料，这对于棉花，羊毛天然纤维细，分别为尼龙和聚酯像新的合成纤维完全不合适的。的研究和技术部门内的大量工作造成了惊人的颜色多种，其中15个可用的现代服装。随着一药品和植物保护剂（农药），染料的精细化学品的例子，我。 é。在相对较小的化学品生产的吨位是用于高纯度和高价值的单位重量。近年来，农用化学品（农药），以及制药业，有constifuted一个化工行业，我bluechip部门。 é。为这些公司，可以继续经营也很有利可图的。药物被现在因为他们的高levelsof profitabilit犷一altliough这几年似乎常常吸引批评，对一些药品的利润太高了富有魅力的部门国税发产业。后者的意见，必须对风险和成本非常高（在5160 millionpermarketablecomPound过量）ofdiscoveringanddevelopingnewproducts集。这两个部门15日在与客户的关系，并认为其产品的15个需求不大受经济衰退极大的反差所有其他部门，其实是唯一的。氯碱一碱产品生产部门主要是一非常高吨位化学品氯气和氢氧化钠。这

中级英语写作讲义

CET4 2013年12月四级（1） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief account of the impact of the Internet on the way people communicate and then explain whether electronic communication can replace face-to-face contact. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. “Dear Andy-How are you? Your mother and I are fine. We both miss you and hope you are doing well. We look forward to seeing you again the next time your computer

crashes and you come down-stairs for something to eat, Love, Mom and Dad.”实：保证沟通信息清晰，完整，避免误解，更加正式 The （more formal） face-to-face contact can ensure/guarantee the message （being delivered）clearer and more intact, thus avoiding misunderstanding （effectively=in such an effective way/ to a great extent. ） So…that… The message/information delivered through internet is very likely to be neglected. It is more likely for us to neglect the message on the internet or dismiss it as rumors. 虚：1.避免虚假信息 2.拉近距离身体语言眼神促进情感交流范文1（星火） Electronic Communication Cannot Replace Face-to-Face Contact

金工实习英文讲义-磨工

Mechanical Engineering Training Grinding Name: Student NO.: Date:

1. Introduction to Grinding Grinding is an abrasive machining process that uses a grinding wheel as the cutting tool. A wide variety of machines are used for grinding: (1) Hand-cranked knife-sharpening stones (grindstones) (2) Handheld power tools such as angle grinders and die grinders (3) Various kinds of expensive industrial machine tools called grinding machines (4) Bench grinders often found in residential garages and basements Grinding practice is a large and diverse area of manufacturing and toolmaking. It can produce very fine finishes and very accurate dimensions; yet in mass production contexts it can also rough out large volumes of metal quite rapidly. It is usually better suited to the machining of very hard materials than is "regular" machining (that is, cutting larger chips with cutting tools such as tool bits or milling cutters), and until recent decades it was the only practical way to machine such materials as hardened steels. Compared to "regular" machining, it is usually better suited to taking very shallow cuts, such as reducing a shaft’s d iameter by half a thousandth of an inch or 12.7 μm. Grinding is a subset of cutting, as grinding is a true metal-cutting process. Each grain of abrasive functions as a microscopic single-point cutting edge, and shears a tiny chip that is analogous to what would conventionally be called a "cut" chip (turning, milling, drilling, tapping, etc.). However, among people who work in the machining fields, the term cutting is often understood to refer to the macroscopic cutting operations, and grinding is often mentally categorized as a "separate" process. This is why the terms are usually used in contradistinction in shop-floor practice, even though, strictly speaking, grinding is a subset of cutting. In this training course, considering the availability of required equipment in the training center, we will focus on the training of metal casting methods. 2. Types of Grinding Process Selecting which of the following grinding operations to be used is determined by the size, shape, features and the desired production rate. Surface Grinding Surface grinding uses a rotating abrasive wheel to remove material, creating a flat surface. The tolerances that are normally achieved with grinding are ± 2 × 10?4 inches for grinding a flat material, and ± 3 × 10?4 inches for a parallel surface (in metric units: 5 μm for flat material and 8 μm for parallel surface). The surface grinder is composed of an abrasive wheel, a workholding device known as a chuck, either electromagnetic or vacuum, and a reciprocating table. Typical workpiece materials include cast iron and steel. These two materials do not tend to clog the grinding wheel while being processed. Other materials are aluminum, stainless steel, brass and some plastics. The photo of a surface grinding machine is shown in Figure 1. The machine you are going to use in this training course is the surface grinding machine. You will learn about the working principles of the machine and manipulate the machine to grind a workpiece according to a technical drawing.

化工原理课程设计摘要中英文

摘要 利用混合物中各组分挥发能力的差异，通过液相跟气相的回流，使气液两相逆相多级接触，在热能驱动和相平衡条件的约束下，使得易挥发组分不断从液相往气相中转移，而难挥发组分却由气相向液相中迁移，使混合物不断分离，该过程称为精馏。该过程中，传热、传质过程同时进行，属传质过程控制。 原料从塔中适当部位进塔，将塔分为两段，上为精馏段，不含进料，下段含进料板为提留段，冷凝器从塔顶提供液相回流，再沸器从塔底提供气相回流。气液相回流是精馏的重要特点。在精馏段，气相上升的过程中，气相轻组分不断得到精制，在气相中不断地增浓，在塔顶获得轻组分产品。在提馏段，其液相在下降的过程中，其轻组分不断地提馏出来，使重组分在液相中不断地被浓缩，在塔底获得重组分的产品。 本设计是以丙酮—水为设计物系。通过对精馏塔的运算，主要设备的工设艺设计计算—物料衡算、热量衡算、工艺参数的选定、设备的结构设计和工艺尺寸的设计计算，可以得出精馏塔的各种设计如塔的工艺流程、生产操作条件及物性参数通过只图解法计算得理论板数为 14块，回流比是3.2，实际塔板数是33块，进料位置是第7块，通过筛板塔流体力学验算，证明各指标数据均符合标准。在此次设计

中，对塔进行了物料衡算，本次设计过程正常，操作合适。 Absract Using of volatile ability of a component in the mixture,we can backflow the gas phase and liquid phase,to make two－phase reverse multistage quickly contact.Under the thermal drive and the constraints of the phase epuilibrium condictions ,the volatile components from liquid to gas phase in the shift,but difficult volatile components in the gas phase into liquid phasr migration,which separate the mixture constantly,the process is know as rectification.The process include heat transfer and mass transfer,and mass transfer control the process. Raw materials is from the appropriate location of the tower into tower, the tower can be divided into two section,one section is rectifying section.contains no feed,the other section contains the feed plate is the stripping section.The condenser is from the top to provide liquid reflux.The reboiler Provides liquide backflow from the top of the tower bottom.Gas and liquid refluxing is one of the important characteristics of rectification.In the rectifying section,in the process of

英文写作资料

北京奥运英语四级材料 The Games of the 29th Olympiad in 2008 are awarded to the city of Beijing."With the motto "New Beijing, Great Olympics", Beijing promises to host a "Green Olympics", a "Hi-tech Olympics" and the "People's Olympics". Chinese people always appreciate the purposes and principles of Olympic ideal, support the efforts of Olympic Games to promote world peace. The Chinese Government and people are doing our the utmost/best to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing, and shooting at the pageant with advocating Olympic ideal, sparkpluging world peace and enhancing the relationships among the world. Olympic spirit are gonna spread again in orient cultural ancient China. The government and people of China have always admired the purposes and principles of the Olympic spirit and supported the efforts made by the Olympics in promoting world peace. The Chinese government and people are doing our utmost in preparation for the 2008 Olympics in Beijing. It is our hope to make it a grand gathering that will carry forward the Olympic spirit, promote world peace and enhance the friendship among people of the world, so that the Olympic spirit will flourish once again, this time in China, an oriental country with an ancient civilization. “第29届奥运会在2008年授予市北京。 ”座右铭“新北京，新奥运” ，北京的承诺，举办一个“绿色奥运” ， “高科技奥运会”和“人民的奥运“ 。 中国人民始终欣赏的宗旨和原则，奥林匹克理想，支持的努力，奥运会上为促进世界和平。中国政府和人民正在尽我们的最大/最佳准备为2008年北京奥运会，射击选美与倡导奥林匹克理想，世界的和平与提高之间的关系的世界。奥林匹克精神是在哪里蔓延，再次在东方的中国古代文化。 有关中国政府和人民一向钦佩的宗旨和原则，也是奥林匹克精神的支持和所作的努力，奥运会在促进世界和平。中国政府和人民正在尽最大努力在为筹备2008年奥运会在北京举行。这是我们的希望，使其一次盛会，将弘扬奥林匹克精神，促进世界的和平与提高人民之间的友谊的世界，使奥林匹克精神将再次蓬勃发展，这一次在中国，一个东方的国家一个古老的文明。 有关四川汶川的英语作文 AROUND 2:28 pm on Monday, Zhu Qi had his first brush with terror. He’d been awakened from an afternoon nap. His bunk was shaking. The door to his dormitory room was jammed shut. When Zhu, a postgrad at Chengdu University of Technology, managed to join his classmates outside, the earth had stopped moving. But the damage had been done. At area universities, students had fled dorms and classrooms with the clothes on their back. But at least they were alive. Only 96 kilometers away in Wenchuan County, thousands of people, young and old, were buried in rubble. The 7.8-magnitude quake had devastated a region of small cities and towns set amid the steep and forested hills of northwestern Sichuan. The quake is China’s worst in three decades. The full reach of the damage has yet to be determined. By press time, around

金工实习课程标准

《金工实习》课程标准 （英文课程名称） 一、课程概述 （一）课程基本信息 注：课程基本信息在人才培养方案中查找，务与培养方案保持一致。 （二）课程性质与任务 金工实习》是绿色能源专业的一门职业核心课程。本课程实习以钳工为主，通过该实习，使学生接触生产实际，了解机械加工生产过程，获得机械制造技术的基本实践知识，得到的基本操作技能训练，为学习后续课程和将来从事相关技术工作奠定实践基础。 1 工作任务 （1）熟悉机械制造中基本的毛坯成形方法，零件加工方法及其所用的设备，工、卡、量具，材料等。初步了解常用零件的结构工艺性和加工工艺。 （2）主要工种(焊、车、钳、铣)，具有独立完成简单零件制造的基本操作技能，对焊接、铣工等工种有初步的操作体会。 （3）数控加工、特种加工等新技术、新工艺，体验现代工业计算机辅助设计与制造全过程，具有初步操作数控机床与特种加工机床的技能。 （4）培养严谨求实和理论联系实际、综合运用机械制造知识与技能的能力。 （5）在实践中培养劳动观点、合作精神、经济意识，初步培养创新思维能力。。 二、课程目标 （一）总体目标 注：明确所针对的专项能力（或岗位能力）、应形成的技术的培养要求，运用知识、技术解决基础教育（或企业生产、管理）工作实际问题方面的层次要求，培养职 课程名称 金工实习 课程编码 050642023 课程类型及性质 必修课 考试/考查 考察 适用专业 绿色能源 开课单位 物理系 总学时 2周 总学分 2

业能力，掌握技术标准（规范）方面应达到的程度。 （二）具体目标 1、认识目标： 通过金工实习，使学生了解机械制造的一般过程，了解钳工的主要加工方法和在机械制造维修中的作用；熟悉各种设备和常用附件和刀具、工具、量具的安全操作使用方法。 2、能力目标： 通过金工实习，使学生具备正确使用常用工具、量具和独立完成简单零件加工能力；能够独立完成含有划线、锯割、挫削、钻孔和攻丝钳工作业件的加工；培养学生认识图纸、加工符号及了解技术条件的能力。使学生通过简单零件加工，巩固和加深机械制图知识及其应用；让学生养成热爱劳动，遵守纪律的好习惯和理论联系实际的严谨作风，拓宽专业视野，增强就业竞争力。 3社会能力目标： （1）培养学生的沟通能力及团队协作精神。 （2）培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 （3）培养学生用于创新、敬业乐也的工作作风。 （4）培养学生的自我管理、自我约束能力以及环保意识、质量意识、安全意识。 三、课程设计思路 注：主要阐述实习（见习）内容及组织实施 四、教学内容与教学要求 （一）实验（实训）教学项目内容及学时安排 项目编号项目主要教学知识点学习目标 学 时 1 实习 教育 实习概论、安全教育 养成热爱劳动，遵守纪律的好习惯 和理论联系实际的严谨作风。 2 焊接 (1)了解焊接生产的工艺过程、特点 和应用等。 (2)手工电弧焊机的性能及应用等。 (3)电焊条的组成、牌号及作用。 (4)手工电弧焊常用的焊接接头类 型、坡口形式、焊接空间位置等。 (5)了解其它焊接方法(CO2气体保 护焊、氩弧焊等)的特点和应用等。 (1)手工电弧焊: 掌握引弧、运条、 收弧的技术, 并能焊出较整齐的平 焊堆焊焊缝等。 (2)气焊:初步掌握火焰的调节,并 能焊出较整齐的焊缝等。 (3)气割：初步掌握气割的基本方 法。 6 2 车工了解切削加工的基本知识。 (2)卧式车床的型号、组成及用途。 (1)掌握卧式车床的基本操作技能 等。 8

金工实习课程标准

金工实习课程标准

《金工实习》课程标准 （英文课程名称） 一、课程概述 （一）课程基本信息 注：课程基本信息在人才培养方案中查找，务与培养方案保持一致。 （二）课程性质与任务 金工实习》是绿色能源专业的一门职业核心课程。本课程实习以钳工为主，通过该实习，使学生接触生产实际，了解机械加工生产过程，获得机械制造技术的基本实践知识，得到的基本操作技能训练，为学习后续课程和将来从事相关技术工作奠定实践基础。 1 工作任务 （1）熟悉机械制造中基本的毛坯成形方法，零件加工方法及其所用的设备，工、卡、量具，材料等。初步了解常用零件的结构工艺性和加工工艺。 （2）主要工种(焊、车、钳、铣)，具有独立完成简单零件制造的基本操作技能，对焊接、铣工等工种有初步的操作体会。 （3）数控加工、特种加工等新技术、新工艺，体验现代工业计算机辅助设计与制造全过程，具有初步操作数控机床与特种加工机床的技能。 （4）培养严谨求实和理论联系实际、综合运用机械制造知识与技能的能力。 （5）在实践中培养劳动观点、合作精神、经济意识，初步培养创新思维能力。。 二、课程目标 （一）总体目标 注：明确所针对的专项能力（或岗位能力）、应形成的技术的培养要求，运用知识、技术解决基础教育（或企业生产、管理）工作实际问题方面的层次要求，培养职

业能力，掌握技术标准（规范）方面应达到的程度。 （二）具体目标 1、认识目标： 通过金工实习，使学生了解机械制造的一般过程，了解钳工的主要加工方法和在机械制造维修中的作用；熟悉各种设备和常用附件和刀具、工具、量具的安全操作使用方法。 2、能力目标： 通过金工实习，使学生具备正确使用常用工具、量具和独立完成简单零件加工能力；能够独立完成含有划线、锯割、挫削、钻孔和攻丝钳工作业件的加工；培养学生认识图纸、加工符号及了解技术条件的能力。使学生通过简单零件加工，巩固和加深机械制图知识及其应用；让学生养成热爱劳动，遵守纪律的好习惯和理论联系实际的严谨作风，拓宽专业视野，增强就业竞争力。 3社会能力目标： （1）培养学生的沟通能力及团队协作精神。 （2）培养学生的分析问题、解决问题的能力。 （3）培养学生用于创新、敬业乐也的工作作风。 （4）培养学生的自我管理、自我约束能力以及环保意识、质量意识、安全意识。 三、课程设计思路 注：主要阐述实习（见习）内容及组织实施 四、教学内容与教学要求

英语作文讲义

互动问答： 听见音，敲1；看见老师，敲2；两者都OK，敲3. 1. 在屏幕前的你是家长还是学生？ 2. 你喜欢写作文吗？ 3. 你在写英语作文中遇到的障碍是什么？

趣味问答： 1.Q: Which letter is a part of your face? 2. Q: Which letter is a question? 3. Q ：Who is closer to you, your mum or your dad ? 4. Q: How many sides does a house have ?Ii ——eye Yy ——why Mum, because dad is father （同音词farther 更远的）. Two , inside and outside .

讲在前面的： 1. 我们致力于打造服务济南市六年级学生的系列课程，以提升学习兴趣、培养学习习惯、提高学习成绩为重，帮助学生做好六升初的过渡衔接。 2. 本次集训营也为系列课程，一共8讲，希望学生和家长准时观看收听，认真记好笔记，集齐8次课程笔记，有资格参加笔记大赛，赢取奖品。

1. 不要刷屏，好好听讲 2. 手边笔记本，随听随写

Welcome to Amanda’s class!

更多模板烦请登陆：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6c7497848.html,/ppt/ 版权声明感谢您下载觅知网平台上提供的PPT 作品，为了您和觅知网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复 制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！觅知网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进 行十倍的索取赔偿！1.在觅知网出售的PPT 模板是免版税类（RF ：Royalty-Free ）正版受《中国人民共和国著 作法》和《世界版权公约》的保护，作品的所有权、版权和著作权归觅知网所有，您下载的是PPT 模板素材的使用权。 2.不得将觅知网的PPT 模板、PPT 素材，本身用于再出售，或者出租、出借、转让、分销、发布或者作为礼物供他人使用，不得转授权、出卖、转让本协议或者本协议中的权利。 自我介绍 姓 名：张蕾(Amanda)简介：10年朴新教学经验累计学员6000+人次，累计课时8000+。做过教学管理工作，教材编写工作。获奖经历：2016年集团优秀教师奖2018年教师赛课一等奖2019年组内阶段赛课一等奖

2.考研英语二作文2020年讲义

考研英语二写作讲义 2020年考研英语（二)考试大纲中作文部分的描述如下： 该部分由A、B两节组成,主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共25分。 A节：题型有两种,每次考试选择其中的一种形式。 备选题包括： 1）考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文,包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。 2）考生根据所提供的汉语文章,用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要。 考生在答题卡2上作答,共10分。 B节： 要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲,写出一篇200词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提示情景的形式为图画、图表或文字等。考生在答题卡2上作答。共20分。 英语二2020年起才有小作文,总共考过2次,都是书信,均为两种类型的混合信：2020年是感谢+邀请,2020年是祝贺+建议。2020年复习重点依然是书信,注意类型的混合搭配。 ◆书信类： 基本模式 书信分为三个部分来写：称呼、正文和签名。 书信格式如下：

常用万能句：I am Zhang Wei, I am writing to you for the purpose of +V-ing. 或者：I am _______, I am writing this letter to +V. 表达建议：I am Li Ming. I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my deepest concern about____________(具体内容题目给出). I sincerely wish you consider my suggestion. 表达感谢；I am ____（具体名字题目会给出）. I am writing to you for the purpose of expressing my sincere thanks. 表达道歉；My name is ______. I am writing to you for the purpose of making an apology due to my carelessness. 表达邀请；I am______(具体名字题目会给出), I am writing to you for the purpose of honorably inviting you to _______ 表达不满；I am_____(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of making a complaint about your_____ （具体事情题目会给出） 表达祝贺；I am____（具体名字题目给出）. I am writing to you to express sincere congratulations on your success and happiness! 表达求职：I am Li Ming, who graduates from Shandong University. I am writing you for the purpose of obtaining the position of ____（具体职位题目会给出） 表达辞职；My name is _______(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of quitting my present job. 万能建议段:It must be pointed out that the situation of ____________ is going from bad to worse. Therefore, as far as I am concerned,first of all, Governments departments are required to take effective measures to solve this serious problem. Secondly, different classes in the society need to cooperate closely to pay attention to this problem. At last, as individuals, we should care about it and set up examples for others. 万能祝贺段：As a matter of fact, I know that you have devoted a great deal of precious time as well as energy to it. During the past valuable time and experience, you have obtained not only rich work experience but also wide-spreading interpersonal relationship. Therefore, the past experience has laid solid foundation for the present success. I wish you to accept my heartfelt(发自内心的) congratulations. In fact, I have also learned a lot from your achievement this time. You have set up a brilliant example for us to make success and realize our dreams in the near future. 万能求职段：As a matter of fact, I am quite sure that I am extremely qualified for this position. To begin with, my major learned in the college matches with this position very much. In the second place, I have got three years’ rich experience concerning this position. Thirdly, my character is not only careful but also patient. In addition, I am very open-minded person. Therefore, I consider I am the right person for this position.