中国英语论文：浅谈中国英语与中国式英语

中国英语论文：浅谈中国英语与中国式英语摘要：中国英语是英语中国化的一个过程，对具有中国特色的事物的英语表达，它在跨文化交际中有非常重要的作用。中国式英语是中国的学习者在未掌握规范英语前所使用的介于本族语和目的语之间的过渡语体系。了解两者之间的差异有助于英语教学的发展。

关键词：中国英语中国式英语英语教学

随着全球化的日益加快，科学技术的日新月异，英语被越来越多来自不同文化背景的人所拥有和使用，成为了世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，日益成为一种国际性的语言，但是随着这种国际化趋势的发展，英语的本土化（nativization）也成为一种必然的结果。各种带有地方特色的“英语”应运而生，并在本国对内对外交际中发挥着越来越重要的作用。此时的英语不再是为一个国家或民族所有，而是一种中性的信息媒介。在这样一种大背景下，越来越多的非英语国家宣布自己的“英语”“独立”，中国英语也是其中之一，并得到了很好的发展，因此在英语学习中产生了中国英语和中国式英语两个名词。我在本文中将两个概念进行了比较学习。

一、中国英语

1.概念

20世纪80年代，葛传槼在其撰写的《漫谈汉译英问题》一文中提出“中国英语”（china english）的概念，指出：“英语是英语民族的语言，任何英语民族以外的人用英语，当然依照英语民族的习惯用法。不过，各国有各国的特殊情况。就我过而论，不论在旧中国或新中国，讲或写英语时都有些我国所特有的东西要表达。”如“五四运动”（may forth movement）、“科举制”（empirial examination policy）、“道教”（taoism）等。葛先生认为上述英语都不是英语本族人的惯用词语，应当是china english，而不是带有“洋泾滨”的chinese english。中国英语是中国特有事物的英译。“它首先是正确的，其次是带有中国特色的；它是适应于中国的思想方式和文明，并为中国的思想方式和文明丰富了的英语”。后来许多学者将其概括为几层含义：（1）以规范的英语为核心。（2）通过音译、译借、语义再生等手段表达中国特有的文化、事物、意念和传统。（30）具有可理解性、可接受性、合理性和规范性。

2.中国英语的语言特征

中国英语在其使用过程中也有其自身的特点。在单词方面，有些中国特有的事物，在英语中没有对应的词语或对应的表达方式，只能采取拼音，译借或语义再生等方法处理，如“阴阳五行”、“文革”、“一国两制”等。在语言文化方面，

一些含有中国文化韵味的语言为保留其特有的中国文化蕴

涵或形象而不用英语中的对应表达方式，如“三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮”、“大字报”等。在篇章结构方面，中国人由于受儒学的影响，表达事物比较含蓄，常用“大概”、“可能”、“也许”等词语，而不太作直接的判断。

李文忠指出中国英语词汇包含了两个方面的含义：其一是指已被国内外英语辞典收录，在讲英语的国家得到广泛使用的汉语借词或译借词；其二是指未被或未来得及被英语辞典收录，而在中国本土及对外宣传和旅游外事活动中实际应用的，表达具有中国民族文化特色事物的借词与译借。而一些用英语词汇表达中国政治、经济、社会文化等所特有的体制、名称和提法的固定句式就是所谓的中国英语的句式。

3.中国英语形成的原因及其必然性

语言接触论认为，一种语言在进入另一种语言文化时会产生碰撞，必然要另一种语言的结果及思维的影响，也必然要去反映这一地方的文化特色，只有这样这一语言才能这这个地方生根发芽，从而形成一种语言变体。因此，英语这种语言在中国与中国的文化环境碰撞之后，就必然产生了具有中国特色的中国英语。

任何一种语言都有其本身的局限性，不可能全面、客观，恰如其分地表达世界生任何一种文化，英语也是如此。中国

英语演讲稿,中国传统文化

英语演讲稿,中国传统文化 篇一：中国传统文化英语演讲 Hello everyone,today I want to say something about Chinese traditional culture . Our Chinese nation, with its industriousness and wisdom, has created a long and over-lasting history and a rich and colorful a Chinese,we are supposed to understand the traditional culture and realize its importance. First,what’s the Traditional Chinese Culture .Traditional Chinese Culture includes material and moral products of ancient Chinese people. The moral products involve Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, Buddhism and social system. Material ones include historic and cultural relics, ancient architectures matter how broad Chinese culture is, the core of it is the moral. can get an answer to another should we learn Chinese traditional culture,or we can say what’s the value of Chinese traditional the core of Chinese traditional culture is the moral, it can help us solve three major problems we are facing nowadays:problems

上海高考英语作文之传统文化必备词汇

传统文化——必备词汇 1. Lantern Festival 元宵节 2. Embroidery 刺绣 3. Double-Ninth Festival 重阳节 4. Tomb Sweeping Day 清明节 5. paper cutting 剪纸 6. Siheyuan/Quadrangle 四合院 7. Warring States 战国 8. Kunqu Opera 昆曲 9. Flower Drum Song 花鼓戏 10. Confucian culture 儒家文化 11. Tang Poetry 唐诗 12. Tang Dynasty 唐朝 13. Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 14. Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 京剧 15. Beijing Roast Duck 北京烤鸭 16. Paper Cutting 剪纸 17. lunar calendar 农历 18. the Palace Museum 故宫博物院 19. traditional Chinese festivals 中国传统节日 20. protecting traditional Chinese culture 保护中国传统文化

传统文化——必备句子 1. There are lots of places of interest in Beijing. 2. There are many places of interest where you can experience the traditional Chinese culture in Beijing. 3. I'm glad to hear that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. 4. As one of the traditional Chinese festivals, it has been enjoying great popularity in our country 5. My favorite Chinese festival is the Spring Festival which comes on the first day of the Chinese Lunar Year. 6. In a word, it is high time for us to treasure and develop our own valuable culture. 7. In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. 8. In my opinion, some measures should be taken to protect traditional culture effectively. 一篇好的书面表达，不仅要有亮眼的词汇，语法正确的句子，还要条理清晰地阐述自己的观点，并做到有理有据。下面我们就结合考题来看一看有关传统文化写作的题目和范文。 传统文化——写作题目与范文 （一） 某中学生英文报就“保护中国传统文化”为主题举行英语征文活动。你准备给该报投稿，稿件内容包括： 1. 保护中国传统文化的重要性 2. 列举1-2个你所知道的国家或当地政府文化保护的事例; 3. 谈谈你对文化保护的建议。 注意： 1. 字数：120词。 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

语言与文化 论文(英文)

The Relation between Language and Culture Abstract: Different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Knowing the language and cultural backgrounds can help our communication. Instead, it will cause many communicative barriers. In this paper, we summarize the relationship between language and culture. And example to explain it’s impact on cross-culture communication. 摘要：不同的国家有不同的语言和文化，语言和文化是相互依赖、相互影响的，语言是文化的重要载体，另一方面，文化对语言也有制约作用。了解语言文化知识有助于我们的交际。相反地，缺乏语言文化背景知识必然会导致交际障碍。本文列举了语言与文化的关系，并举例说明了这种关系对跨文化交际的影响。 key words: language, cultures, relationship, communication 关键词：语言，文化，关系，交际 1. Introduction As we all know that different countries have different cultures, and also different language. Language and culture are interdependent and interactional. Language is one of the most important carriers of culture. On the other hand, culture have a great impact on language, that is culture conditioning. Language plays a very important role in all human activity. It’s one of the indispensable part of the social life of human. You can not imagine the world would be without language. Nevertheless, the phenomenon of human language is so mystical that people do not acquaint it entirely so far. Culture is the product of social life and national spirit. In other words, culture is the genetic code of difference among the various nation, country and region. Every country has its own culture formation and individuality. This special culture is one of the most important source of affinity and cohesion of a country. For this reason, we must protect and develop the culture of the various nation, country and region, keep variety of our global culture. 2. Relationship between language and culture Relationship between language and culture can be summarized as the following: (1). Language is part of culture. Like other cultural phenomenon, language is also a social phenomenon, it occurred with the production of society, and develops with the development of society. The language is with nationality, different nationalities often have different languages; Language is also human creation. It is the most important spiritual wealth of human society .We can say that language has all the attributes of culture, so language is also a kind of culture, one of the many cultural phenomenons. The human language is not only an integral part of culture, and also the most important part. (2).Language is the main carrier of culture. Although language is part of culture, other cultural phenomenon generally can't exist being independent from language. Only through language, culture can be preserved, extended and spread.

初中英语作文：中国的教育Chinese Education

初中英语作文：中国的教育Chinese Education Different countries have different teaching aims and teaching ways. It’s well-known that Chinese education is exam-oriented education in the past. Obviously, exam-oriented education has some disadvantages, like the disconnection between theory and practice that renders students with high scores have low abilities. So, our country decide to change exam-oriented education to quality education. Quality education is focus on the development in an all-around way. Under this kind of education system, students will study easier and get improvement for all sides. 不同的国家有不同的教学目标和教学方法。众所周知，过去中国的教育是应试教育。显然，应试教育存在一些弊端，如理论

和实际脱节，使学生高分低能。因此，我国决定把应试教育转向素质教育。素质教育是以全面发展为重点。在这样的教育体制下，学生学习将会更轻松，方方面面都会得到提高。

中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇

中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇 英语演讲，是指以英语为载体，针对某个话题发表自己的意见和看法，以此来影响、感染听众，达到一种宣传目的的交际活动。小编为大家整理了中国茶文化英语演讲稿3篇，欢迎大家阅读。 中国茶文化英语演讲稿篇1 The practice of drinking and serving tea has been part of China's cultural identity for centuries. China used to be the world's sole provider of tea. Today, tea is the world's most widely consumed beverage after water, and famous Chinese teas are still highly prized. Tea experts estimate that top-quality Longjing will sell for 40,000 to 50,000 yuan per 500 grams this year, about 25 percent higher than last year. The price of common Longjing will be around 4,000 yuan per 500 grams this year. Though quality tea is highly pursued at home, it seems that it has not secured a strong position in the global market. Li Shiwei is the board chairman of Tianfu Group, a flagship tea enterprise based in Fujian Province, a major production region of oolong tea in China. He says a major problem for today's private tea enterprises is that they do not have enough money to operate on a large scale, let alone undertake promotions overseas.

高考英语作文范文汇总大全—传统文化类

高考英语作文范文汇总大全—传统文化类邀请信 假定你是李华，你和Tom打算邀请你们的美国朋友James一起爬八达岭长城(the Badaling...)。请你写封邮件告知你们关于这次活动的安排。内容包括: 1.爬山时间 2.活动安排：在你家(八达岭山附近)集合，骑共享单车去； 3.携带物品：相机，太阳帽，太阳镜和登山鞋等。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考范文 Dear James, I’m Li Hua. How is everything going with you recently? Just as a saying goes, he who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. Tom and I are planning to climb the Badaling Great Wall this Saturday. I’d like to invite you to go with us. We will first get together at my home at 7:30, as it is not far away from the Badaling Great Wall; we decide to go there by shared bike. The whole climbing will start at 8 am, and last for about three hours. Please wear climbing boots as we may walk a long way, and don’t forget to wear sun glasses and sun hat. What’s more, don’t forget to bring your camera; I’m sure the awesome view on the top of the Badaling Great Wall deserve a record. Looking forward to your early reply.

关于中国文化的英语演讲稿

关于中国文化的英语演讲稿 my view of culture globalization as is known to all, kung fu panda 2 was shown recently and soon became a hot topic in china. surprisingly, this american film shows bright chinese images such as kungfu and panda. this is a good example of culture globalization. but there are two entirely different attitudes towards it. some people think it demonstrates the increasing influence of chinese culture. others, however, incline to take the opposite point of view and regard it as an invasion of native culture resources. as for me, i tend to take an open attitude towards culture globalization. we can promote our own culture and meanwhile learn form other cultures, which is beneficial to all countries. finally, it is important to note that each culture has its own characteristics. with the evolving trend of culture globalization, we should be responsible for the development and spread of our national culture tradition. [关于中国文化的英语演讲稿]相关文章：

【英语作文指导】高考英语传统文化书面表达之关于中国名著类英语作文

高考英语书面表达越来越侧重对中国优秀传统文化的考查，其中优秀文学作品比如名篇名著、诗词等是文化的重要组成部分，加强对这方面的写作意义重大。 关于中国名著类英语作文 假定你是李华，你的英国网友Peter上周在邮件中提到想阅读中国著名的小说，就此请你用英语给他写封回信。内容包括： 1.推荐一本小说； 2.此书内容简介； 3.给出阅读建议。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头已给出。 关于《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions Dear Peter, I’m very glad to know that you have interest in Chinese novels. There are so many famous novels written in Chinese（非谓语作定语）, including classical novels and modern novels（非谓语作状语）, among which I like A Dream of Red Mansions most（定从）. It is an interesting novel and is excellent beyond comparison. Based on Jia and Lin’s love story（非谓语作状语）, it describes a tragedy about love and the decline about a big family, which exposes the social crisis.（非限制性定从） The book is written in old Chinese, which is difficult to understand（非限制性定从）. So when you read it, you’d better get a Chinese dictionary ready for reference. In addition, I suggest that you should know some background knowledge about Qing Dynasty.（宾从） I wish you would have fun and learn something through reading it.（宾从） Yours, Li Hua 关于《西游记》Journey to the West Dear Peter, I’m very gald to know that you have interest in Chinese novels.Journey to the West is one of the most famous novels in China, which tells a fantastic story(定从). Now I recommend it to you to search the beauty of an unusual world.（非谓语表目的） Journey to the West is a mythological (神话的) novel based on many centuries of popular tradition（非谓语作定语）. This novel is about the man-like Monkey King together with other two disciples (徒弟), Greedy Pig, and Friar Sand, protects and attends their master, the priest(牧师) San-zang，to the west to seek Buddhist sutras (佛经).(非谓语表目的) It is really a tough trip, in which they face various troubles. （非谓语定从）It is believed that people who eat the

英语国家社会与文化课程结课英文论文

My feeling for this course Never have I known so much about society and culture of English-speaking countries before I took up this course.Through the process,I got pleasure,companionship,experience and instruction.Actually I was so looking forward to having the lesson at the first time that I had got the syllabus.Now I know,it’s definitely worthwhile. Our teacher once told us,“Reading is the most effective way for one who could not go through the country but still eager to learn about their culture.”I can’t agree more with it.Maybe the past will step out from the stage of history,nevertheless,books have the ability to record the fact that exactly happened in the history.I proved it on my own experience,believe it or not. For example,Animal Farm is a political fable style novel.The story describes an "animal" revolution brewing,rising up and final transformation.Suffered enough oppression,the animals in the Manor Farm rebelled against humans under the guidance of pigs,drove the planter,Mr. Jones.The animals achieved their ambition of "self-determination" and changed its name to "Animal Farm",pursuing that "all animals are equal".But soon the leading pigs had contravention.Since then,it turned out that one pig,Napoleon had more and more power and special treatment,gradually moving away from other animals,and eventually became an exploiter exactly the same as a human being.Thus,the name,animal farm,was also abandoned. This book is analyzed by critics that it’s strikingly similar to the history of the Soviet union,even the international communist movement in the whole 20th century.We can see the similar shadow in many communist party ruling or did rule countries of animal farm.The author,George Orwell,his predication on the fate of the communist movement in the future by changes of the development of animal farm in the book,confirmed totally by history that the Soviet union took apart and the upheaval of eastern Europe in 1991 and afterwards incidents,which really took place at that time.But the meaning of Animal Farm is more than just the historical prophecy.This allegorical novel pointed out in literary language that owing to the fundamental interests of the leading group who possessed the division right was to hold their dominant position,regardless of the form having what kind of appeal,the ultimate result would be contrary to maintain the basic demands of social fairness.Professor Xia Zhiqing once said: "In western literature,since the Aesop's Fables, each dynasty has fables and fairy tales focusing on animals.However,for readers in the late 20th century,this kind of work is not a more accurate representation of the human condition today than" Animal Farm "." While t he novel Being There tells us a story about a man named Chance, a gardener. Chance once lived in the townhouse of an old, wealthy man in Washington, D.C.watching TV all day until the man was dead.Then he was forced to face the world.He met Benjamin Rand,a wealthy businessman.While being asked what his name was, instead of "Chance the Gardener" (which was

2020全国高考英语作文热点话题作文(10篇)

2016高考英语作文热点话题作文 1、低碳生活现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。 提示词语：be good for, everyone, ride a bike, think, make a difference, environment, suggest, reuse ★范文 Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place。 2. 假如你是Li Lin，你的英国笔友Eric来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾(thick haze)，情况如何。请按提示写一封不少于60词的电子邮件回复他。要求卷面整洁书写工整;内容可在包含要点的基础上适当发挥。 提示：1. 感谢他的关心; 2. 介绍:(1)去年冬天有多次雾霾; (2)空气被严重污，危害：车祸，生病等; 3. 正采取各种举措减少其发生。 Dear Erik, I’m glad to receive your letter. You asked if there is thick haze in my hometown. Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. There was heavy haze last winter. The air is badly polluted. Many traffic accidents happened and more and more people have to go to see the doctor because of the smog. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. The government suggests people to go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees. According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply.

中美在饮食文化方面的差异 英语论文

淮阴工学院课程论文（2010-2011学年第二学期） 论文题目: 跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异——以中美饮食文化为例 课程名称：跨文化交际英语任课老师：余洪虹 姓名: 植云 班级: 艺术1093 学号: 1092202325

跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异 ——以中美饮食文化为例 摘要：饮食是一种文化，而不同的文化背景孕育着不同的饮食文化，中国饮食以食表意，其博大精深不可言喻，而美国的饮食则是吃什么就是什么。在中西方文化互相交融的今天，美国文化有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方，同时中华饮食文化的优点也要继承，本文着重从中美饮食文化进行比较，从而用客观的视角去审视中西方饮食文化。 关键词：饮食文化，中国饮食，美国饮食，文化差异 1中国饮食文化的特点 中国的历史悠久，文明源远流长，具有上下五千年的文化，因此饮食文化也比较丰富，它也是祖国丰富文化宝库中的一朵奇葩。中国从原始社会开始都是以大杂居为主，远古时期以部落为单位，后来一直演变，直到现代社会都是以家庭为单位，团团圆圆一直是中国人的愿望，中国人的集体意识形成了中国饮食文化的一大特点就是—一家人都是吃一桌菜，并且大多数家庭是以圆桌为主，一家人围在一起，表示家人和和睦睦、团团圆圆。中国人的饮食很讲究色、香、味原则，三者缺一不可，为使食物色美，通常是在青、绿、红、黄、白、黑、酱等色中取三至五色调配，也就是选用适当的荤素菜料，包括一种主料和二、三种不同颜色的配料，使用适当的烹法与调味，就能使得菜色美观。食物香喷，可以激发食欲，其方法即为加入适当的香料，如葱、姜、蒜、辣、酒、八角、桂皮、胡椒、麻油、香菇等，使烹煮的食物气味芬芳。烹调各种食物时，必须注重鲜味与原味的保留，尽量去除腥膻味；譬如烹调海鲜时，中国人则爱用葱姜。因此适量的使用如酱油、糖、醋、香料等各种调味品，可以使得嗜浓味者不觉其淡，嗜淡味者不嫌其浓，个人根据自己的口味选择。 因为中国自古以来地大物博、人口稠密，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，即助饭下咽。因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。因为主食的单一性，所以，只有在菜上面花功夫，因此，中国的菜大都比较注重口味，

2020最新高考英语作文预测：传统文化

2020最新高考英语作文预测：传统文化 近几年，高考英语写作多次出现对中国传统文化的考查，例如唐诗、剪纸等。国学更是这两年中国社会绝对教育热点，因此对这个话题一定要备考充分! 【题目要求】 假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Henry非常喜欢中国，来信询问你校中国国学经典(Chinese classics)的上课情况。请你依照下列要点写一封回信： 1. 表达问候; 2. 介绍国学上课情况; 3. 表达祝愿。 注意：1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 3. 标题和落款已给出，词数不计算在内。 Dear Henry, _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________ Sincerely yours, Li Hua 【优秀满分范文】 Dear Henry, How is everything going? I feel glad to introduce the study of Chinese classics in our school. First, we have special textbooks about Chinese classics and professional teachers. Second, we’re scheduled once a week to study Tang and Song poetry. Third, there are weekly after-class activities to learn Chinese calligraphy and watercolor painting, from which we’ve been benefited a lot. I hope that through learning, we can have a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Now that you’re interested in China’s classical culture, I will send a textbook and some related materials to you soon. Wish you success in your study and all the best! Sincerely yours, Li Hua

英语国家概况论文

On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain. 班级： 学号： 姓名： 教授： 分数：______

On the Rise and Fall of Great Britain. 中文摘要： 英国，又称大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，是由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。它曾经在世界历史发展的漫长时期中湮没无闻，人口不过数百万，国土资源也很有限，却率先敲开通向现代世界的大门，从地理的边缘变成了世界的中心，一跃成为西方强国的领头人，并独领风骚数百年，给人类文明烙上了不可磨灭的印记。然而到了十九世纪末期，由于美、德等国的崛起以及其他种种原因，英国逐渐失去优势,后来又在第二次世界大战中受到严重创伤，大英帝国国力日渐衰落,海外殖民地也在二战后纷纷宣告独立，大英帝国逐渐演变成一个组织松散的英联邦。这个曾经号称“世界工厂”和“日不落帝国”的国家又逐渐衰落。不过，英国仍然是一个在世界范围内拥有巨大影响力的政治、经济、文化和军事强国。 关键词: 英国；世界工厂；日不落帝国；衰落 Abstract in English： Great Britain, also known as The United Kingdom of Great Britain and North Ireland, is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and North Ireland. It was once little-known in the long history of the development of the world and had only several millions of people. What' more, her territorial resources were also limited. However, she is the first country to open the door to the modern world ranging from the geographical edge to the center of the world. She had once been the leading power of the western countries for hundreds of years and also branded an indelible mark on the human civilization. However, in the late 19th century, with the rise of America and German and other factors, Britain began to lose the upper hand in the international competition. Afterwards, she suffered great loss in the two world wars. Britain began declining and the foreign colonies began to win independence one after