高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案

高考英语阅读理解专题训练答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

A call came into Jimmy Gilleece's bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldn't find her wallet. She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.

Gilleece, 42, didn't like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance (监控) cameras, watching the woman's every step in the bar. Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off.

Gilleece posted a clip (视频片段) on the bar's Facebook page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said he'd done it because he hadn't eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.

Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks (码头). There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather was from a poor family. Seeing the teenager's small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.

Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had been thrown. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. When Gilleece called the wallet's owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.

（1）What did the woman value most in her wallet?

A.Her ID.

B.Her credit cards.

C.Her money.

D.Her wedding ring.

（2）What did Prather do after getting the wallet?

A.He kept the ring.

B.He spent the money in it.

C.He threw it in a dustbin.

D.He returned it to the owner.

（3）Why did Gilleece help Prather?

A.To teach the child a lesson.

B.To meet the customer's demand.

C.To save the forgivable child.

D.To win back the reputation of his bar.

（4）What would happen to Prather next?

A.He would be sent to prison.

B.He would not be accused by the woman.

C.He would get a job in Gilleece's bar.

D.He would live a better life ever after.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Jimmy Gilleece的酒吧中一位女士丢失了钱包，钱包里有她最珍视的结婚戒指。Jimmy Gilleece找到了捡到钱包的年轻人Rivers Prather，但是Rivers Prather拿了钱包里的钱将钱包丢进了海里。Gilleece觉得Prather只是个孩子，于是决定帮助他，最终找到了戒指，Prather也被撤销了指控。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside. ”她不在乎她的身份证、信用卡或150美元现金——但她的结婚戒指在里面，可知那位妇女最珍视钱包里的结婚戒指。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. ”他说他看到了戒指，但认为是假的，所以他拿了钱，把钱包扔进了大海，可知Prather得到钱包后，他把里面的钱花了。故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Seeing the t eenager's small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.”看到这个少年的小个子，Gilleece觉得他更像个孩子，而不是罪犯。然而，因为丢失戒指，Prather可能会被关进监狱，可知Gilleece帮助Prather是因为他认为Prather是个可原谅的孩子。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“When Gilleece called the wallet's owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.”当Gilleece 打电话给钱包的主人时，她哭了起来，并立即撤销了对Prather偷戒指的指控)可知接下来Prather不会被那个女人指控。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Do you have good friends? Do you sometimes feel so close to them that they are like family to you?

It turns out that this isn't just an expression. A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.

Researchers looked at the genes of 1,932 people and compared them in pairs of unrelated friends and strangers. They found that friends have 1 percent of genes that match.

"One percent may not sound like much to the layperson (外行), but to geneticists (遗传学家) it is a significant number," Professor Nicholas Christakis of Yale University told Discovery News. In fact, this is the same amount of genes you share with your fourth cousins, those who have the

same great-great-great grandparents as you.

So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together.

People who share certain genes also share skills and have similar likes and dislikes, researchers said. In ancient times, it was critical that people who were alike stayed together. For example, people who had a similar susceptibility (易感性) to the cold were more likely to help each other build a fire, giving them a better chance to survive.

Researchers also found that among all the genes studied, those affecting sense of smell were the most similar in friends. This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments. For example, people who like the smell of coffee may hang out at cafes more often and are therefore more likely to meet and become friends with each other.

Based on their findings, the team has developed an interesting test called the "friendship score". It calculates how big the chances are that two people will be friends by studying their genes.

So, here is a question for you: would you like to take this test and know in advance who your friends are going to be, or would you still prefer to figure it out by yourself and let time be the judge?

（1）What is the author's main purpose in writing the article?

A.To explain why friends share skills and interests.

B.To report on recent findings about making friends.

C.To analyze what influences the way people make friends.

D.To explain an interesting test called the "friendship score".

（2）According to the researchers of the study, people _______.

A.form friendships by complete coincidence

B.are genetically similar to their friends, compared to strangers

C.make friends with those who share nearly 10 percent of their genes

D.may share more similar genes with their friends than with their fourth cousins

（3）With the examples of ancient people developing the ability to speak and helping each other build a fire, the author intends to _______.

A.show how ancient people helped each other survive

B.explain that similar interests are what lead to friendship

C.show that it is evolution that brings friends together

D.tell us why it was easier for ancient people to find friends

（4）According to the article, people with similar genes that affect their sense of smell ______.

A.like to hang out at cafes more often

B.are easily attracted to the smell of their friends

C.are more likely to be attracted to a similar environment

D.can identify people in a crowd who can become friends

【答案】（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，来自耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性，所以朋友有时更像是家人。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，这篇文章主要讲述关于交朋友的这项新发现。并且由“the Guardian reported”可知，这是一篇新闻报道，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“A study by Yale University and the University of California, San Diego, has found that you and your friends have more genes in common than strangers do, the Guardian reported.”耶鲁大学和加利福尼亚大学的研究发现：与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。可知，与陌生人相比，朋友之间的基因有相似性。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。这个举例出现在倒数第四段，根据倒数第五段中的“So is it a coincidence that you become friends with people who share your genes? Not at all. In fact, it is evolution that brings you together. ”你与你基因相似的人变成朋友是偶然吗？并不是这样的。实际上，是进化将你们带到一起。可知，倒数第四段应该是对进化如何将你们带到一起成为朋友的解释。本段谈到了有相似基因的人也有相似的技能和喜好，然后以古代人为例，说明只有遇到拥有相似技能基因的人他们才能发展语言技能，同时，同样对冷感受比较强烈的人更可能会互相帮助生火，作者举这些例子都是为了说明人们选择了拥有相似基因的人为友，是因为进化的需要，故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段的中的“This is probably because people who smell things in the same way are more easily drawn to similar environments.”可能是因为嗅觉相同的人更容易去相似的环境，可知，有相同嗅觉基因的人更容易被吸引去相似的环境中。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386, 000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards' impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.

The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.

But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First,

there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists —go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data. Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.

Are you worried that these three types of jobs won't employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.

So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.

（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?

A. To introduce the topic.

B. To mention Nigel's feat.

C. To stress the importance of good memory.

D. To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.

（2）Which of the following best explains "outperform" underlined in paragraph 2?

A. Be superior to

B. Be inferior to

C. Be similar to

D. Be related to （3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?

A. The writer.

B. The shop assistant.

C. The babysitter.

D. The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?

A. Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.

B. Get more support from the government.

C. Apply for the donation from companies.

D. Upgrade people's professional skills all the time.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacing

hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.” 可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

When he w as young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more.

Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph?

A. To play dance music.

B. To work with Buddy Bolden.

C. To create modem jazz music.

D. To play a jazz instrument well.

（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden.

B. Lil Hardin.

C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.

D. King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?

A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.

B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.

C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.

D. Because his talent could not develop completely.

（4）What's the main idea of the passage?

A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.

B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.

C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段“...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing techn ique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands

of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.

Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.

Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.

Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.

The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.

（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.

A. to think critically

B. to decide one's own fate

C. to live a better life

D. to recover from adversity

（2）What doe s the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. The psychologists

B. The resilient children

C. Positive elements

D. Internal locus of control

（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.

A. your positive perception may turn adversity around

B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events

C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering

D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time

（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?

A. To teach people how to be resilient

B. To encourage people to live through adversity

C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other

D. To compare different research findings about resilience

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who a re lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conq uer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。

（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故答案选B。

（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文

章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

6．阅读理解

We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.

45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.

" We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."

The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.

Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.

This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.

The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.（1）What does the text mainly talk about?

A. Why some species become smaller.

B. How climate changes in Earth's history?

C. Climate change has many negative effects.

D. Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.

（2）The underlined word "trumped" m the first paragraph probably mean_________. A. strengthened B. gained C. beaten D. equaled （3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.

A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller

B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller

C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals

D. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller

（4）What does the author feel about the climate change?

A. Disappointed

B. Optimistic

C. Worried

D. Shameful 【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger wi th increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。故“beat”与该词同义。选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。可知作者对气候变化很担心。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

In America, parents tend to encourage their children to develop their potential (潜能) to the fullest extent. Fathers and mothers frequently teach their children both ambition and the confidence necessary to work toward their goals. American parents are always active in concentrating on what their kids can do, not what they can't. As a result, millions of American boys and girls grow up hoping to become actors and athletes, diplomats and doctors. Many of them even want to become president.

American parents often encourage their children to become involved in extra activities of all types at school, such as student government, sports and music. They believe that only through taking part in these activities can their children become mature young adults.

As we all know, school work is important. But parents should realize that the social skills their children learn from natural conversations with each other are as important as schoolwork and the skills they will need in the future work. What's more important in their work is that their children should have a sound knowledge of physics or the ability to communicate effectively.

As a rule, Chinese parents don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do, nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra

activities. Children are typically advised to study hard and pass exams. They have to spend a lot of time in doing much schoolwork every day. It is a great waste of time to do so.

Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children. I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles should take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it.

（1）From the passage, we know the American parents pay much more attention to .

A. the social skills than Chinese parents

B. their children's studying hard and well

C. what their children want but they can't

D. extra activities than schoolwork

（2）According to the passage, Chinese parents .

A. know more than American parents to educate their children

B. owning ambition and confidence is necessary and important

C. pay much more attention to their children's fine future

D. don't encourage their children to participate in extra activities

（3）From the passage, we can infer .

A. American children are brave and adventurous

B. American children are more active in their studies

C. Chinese children have the ability to communicate effectively

D. something should be done to develop the potential of the children in China

（4）What's the writer's attitude towards Chinese education reform?

A. Neutral.

B. Indifferent.

C. Positive.

D. Negative.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，比较了中国父母和美国父母不同的教育方式，可喜的是中国父母已经意识到自己的不足，今后将更加注意孩子社交技能的培养。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“As a rule, Chinese paren ts don't educate their children about the same kind of ambition and confidence as Americans do”，再根据前三段对美国父母对孩子的社交技能的培养推断美国的父母比中国的父母更重视孩子社交技能的培养。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“nor do they encourage the same level of participation in extra activities”可知中国的父母不鼓励孩子参与额外的活动。故选D。

(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Now more and more Chinese parents have recognized that they should pay attention to developing the potential of their children”判断中国应该采取措施开发孩子们的潜能了。故选D。

(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“I hope that leaders in Chinese educational circles shoul d take some measures to develop the potential of their children. I am very confident about it”可推断作者对中国的教育采取的是积极态度。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需

要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

On January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.

The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins. Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.

Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner.

France's food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110,000 tons of goods received annually, only 36,000 tons comes from supermarkets. Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.

Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France; an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.

（1）What should stores do with nearly-expired food?

A. Throw it away.

B. Send it to the hungry.

C. Store it in refrigerators.

D. Give it away to food banks.

（2）What does the underlined word "excess" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Extra.

B. Cheap.

C. Seasonal.

D. Returned.

（3）What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?

A. They have a lot of expired food.

B. They will get much benefit from the law.

C. Their food is enough for the people in need.

D. Their food mainly comes from supermarkets.

（4）What does Dermabarsh plan to do?

A. Build more food banks in France.

B. Make the law take effect in more places.

C. Organize a campaign to promote this law.

D. Raise consumers awareness of waste reduction.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，讲述了法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家。而即将过期食品的捐赠对人们和社会都有积极的影响。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知，法国成为世界上第一个通过法律要求超市捐赠即将过期食品的国家，之后文章就此展开。故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated di rectly to the food banks. ”此外，像酸奶或牛奶这样的过剩商品可能很快就会变质，现在可以直接捐赠给食品银行。由此推知划线词的意思是“额外的，过量的”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry e ach year.”可知，Bailet认为他们将从法律中得到很多好处。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations.”可知，Dermabarsh计划让法律在更多的地方生效。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

On Broadway

Dear friends and community,

We are happy to introduce our new show, On Broadway.

This will be a night of the most entertaining, and thrilling Broadway Shows set on stage.

We would like to honor some of these world class acts in our spectacular show.

You will experience dramatic tangos (探戈), elegant waltzes (华尔兹), and much more.

This production will attract you with its creative dancing, exciting music, and beautiful costumes.

Date: February 20 - April 4, 4 - 6 pm

Admission: $20 presale/$25 on the door

Summer Camp

Our unique and fun summer camp features dancing, fitness, games and other activities.

While having a good time, campers can improve their body coordination (协调), balance, posture, and physical condition.

For the last day, we have planned a performance for family and friends to show everything we

have learned during the camp.

Date: Monday July 9 - Friday July 13, 9 am - 12:30 pm

Children Ages 5 & Up

North Carolina Open

I am excited to invite you to attend the North Carolina Open, Charlotte's first NDCA recognized dance competition.

Located in the beautiful Ballantyne Resort, this is an event you won't forget. Take part in an elegant evening of dancing, then relax in the spa or get away for a round of golf.

Enjoy a full day of dancing with world-class judges and scholarship opportunities.

Date: September 21

Admission: $30

General Information: Yusimi Cruz, Phone: (704) 892-7000

Dance Center USA is turning 7 years old, so come and celebrate with us!

Anniversary Gala

Wine bar, appetizers (开胃菜), great music, and special performances by Dance Center students and professionals will be waiting for you.

Also, an award ceremony will be held to recognize the outstanding achievement of our students in the past year.

Date: Friday April 29, 8-10 pm

Party Admission: $15

（1）How much do you have to pay for a ticket to On Broadway if you book in advance?

A.$15

B.$20

C.$25

D.$30

（2）How do children benefit from the summer camp?

A.It helps strengthen their bodies.

B.It enables them to learn from famous dancers.

C.They gain useful camping skills.

D.They learn how to get on with their parents.

（3）Which event is available in April at a good price?

A.On Broadway

B.Summer Camp

C.North Carolina Open

D.Anniversary Gala

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个娱乐活动：百老汇音乐剧；夏令营；北卡罗来纳州的舞蹈公开赛以及一个周年庆典。

（1）考查细节理解。根据On Broadway部分中的“Admission: $20 presale”提前购票$20，可

知，提前预定On Broadway的门票，只需要$20。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Summer camp部分中的“While having a good tim e, campers can improve their body coordination (协调), balance, posture, and physical condition.”在玩得开心的同时，夏令营的参与者能够改善他们的身体协调性、平衡性、坐立的姿势以及身体状况，可知，参加夏令营能帮助同学们强壮身体。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据On Broadway部分中的“ Date: February 20 - April 4, 4 - 6 pm”从2月20日持续到4月4日；Anniversary Gala部分中的“ Date: Friday April 29, 8-10 pm”4月29日晚上8点到10点，都可以在四月内观看。再根据On Broadway部分中的“ Admission: $20 presale/$25 on the door”提前预定$20，现场买票$25；以及Anniversary Gala部分中的“Party Admission: $15”$15，可知，Anniversary Gala的门票更便宜一些。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. Some men had found a yellow metal in the Arctic darkness, and thousands of other men were rushing there. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.

Buck lived at a big house in a sunny valley in California which was owned by Judge Miller. He was neither a house dog nor a kennel (狗窝) dog. The whole of Judge Miller's land was his. Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.

His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. He was not so large—he weighed only sixty kilogram—for his mother, Shep, had been a Scottish sheepdog. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.

This was Buck in the autumn of 1897, when the discovery of gold in the Klondike brought Men from everywhere to the frozen north. But Buck did not read the newspapers. And he did not know that Manuel one of the gardeners helper, was not a good man. Manuel gambled (赌博) and wasted the little money he had. No one saw him and Buck go off on what Buck thought was a walk. No one saw them arrive at the railway station where Manuel sold Buck to a man who was waiting for him.

After two days ho was cried off the train in Seattle into a small, high-walled yard. There a fat man in a red sweater broke open the cage with a small axe (斧头)，while holding a club (棍棒) in the other hand. When there was a big enough opening, Buck jumped out like a red-eyed devil, straight at the fat man. But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before. It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.

Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club. He had learned the lesson, and for the rest of his life he never forgot it. It was his introduction into the world of primitive law.

In the end a small man called Perrault paid three hundred dollars for him, and he was led away with Curly, a good-natured Newfoundland dog.

（1）What kind of dogs did the gold-seekers want?

A.Heavy house dogs with yellow hair.

B.Strong long-haired dogs.

C.Diligent dogs with yellow hair

D.Muscular kennel dogs.

（2）Buck was proud of himself for the following reasons, EXCEPT that ______.

A.he was king over all living things of Judge Miller's lands

B.he became the Judge's inseparable companion after his father's death

C.he had a good life with many outdoor activities to get strong and healthy

D.he was wanted by gold-seekers thanks to his strong muscles and long hair

（3）Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A.Judge Miller owned a big house and a large piece of land in the Klondike.

B.Manuel bought and sold Buck because he needed money to support his life.

C.The fat man cruelly beat Buck with a club to teach him how to fight back.

D.Buck's introduction into the word of primitive law was obeying the fat man.

（4）What can be the suitable title for the excerpt?

A.Fall into Trouble

B.Fight against a Man

C.Escape from Trouble

D.Believe in a Man

【答案】（1）B

（2）D

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一只名为巴克的狗的遭遇。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Trouble for every dog with str ong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California. These men wanted dogs that were heavy, with strong muscles for working hard and furry coats to protect them from the cold.”可知，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃。这些寻金人需要的是，高大强壮，有强壮的肌肉，能吃苦耐劳且皮毛可以帮助他们抵御寒冷的狗。所以淘金者需要的是强壮的长毛狗。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Buck was king—king over all the crawling, flying things of Judge Miller's lands, humans included.”可知，巴克是国王——统治着Judge Miller领地上所有爬行、飞行的东西，包括人类。所以A选项是巴克自豪的原因；第三段中的“His father, Elmo, had been the Judge's inseparable companion. And when he died, Buck took his father's place. Hunting and other outdoor activities had hardened his muscle, and swimming had made him healthy.”他的父亲艾尔莫一直是Judge Miller形影不离的伙伴。他死后，巴克接替了他父亲的位置。打猎和其他户外活动锻炼了他的肌肉，游泳使他身体健康。所以B,C两项是

巴克自豪的原因。故D项不是巴克自豪的原因。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“But in mid-air, just as his teeth were going to close on the man, he received a shock that he had never felt before, It turned him over and onto the ground. He had never been struck by a club in his life, and he did not understand. He was smashed down a dozen times.”可知，就在它的牙齿要碰到他的皮肤时，那人用棒子给了它一下，这还是有人头一次用棒子打他，他不知所措。它被打倒在地。它被木棒打了10几次；以及倒数第四段中的“Buck saw that he stood no chance against the man with the club.”可知，巴克看到，它再也站不起来对抗他的木棒。所以巴克被打，无力反抗只能屈服于这个胖人。由此判断出，巴克的丛林法则就是屈服于这个胖人。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Buck did not know that there was trouble ahead, Trouble for every dog with strong muscles and warm long hair, from Seattle to southern California.”可知，巴克不知道前面会遇到麻烦，从西雅图到南加州，每一条长着结实的肌肉和温暖的长毛的狗都会在劫难逃以及下文对于巴克的具体遭遇可知，短文最佳的标题为“陷入麻烦”。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

You can either travel or read, but either your body or soul must be on the way. The popular saying has inspired many people to read or go sightseeing. Traveling just like reading, is a refreshing journey from the busy world. Books, brain food, can keep you company on your travel. On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac

The book is a globally popular spiritual guide book about youth. The main character in the book drives across the US continent with several young people and finally reaches Mexico. After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life. The book can be a good partner with you to explore the United States.

Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera

Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." The book tells a young artist's romantic but miserable life, about how he reads, dreams, and has a relationship. Experience the artist's passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe. The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.

The Stories of Sahara, 1967, by Sanmao

The book narrates the author's simple but adventurous life in the Sahara Desert, which seems a desolate and dull place. The fancy natural scenery and life there, along with the author's romantic and intensive emotion, will inspire you to explore the mysterious land. Reading the book is like participating in a dialogue with the author, who is sincere and humorous.

Lotus, 2006 by Annbaby

This novel set in Tibet, tells three people's stories, each with their unique characteristics. It reveals modern people's emotions and inner life, their confusion about love, and exploration of Buddhism. The book is a good partner to bring you to the sacred land Tibet.

（1）Which book is about the exploration of life value through a journey?

A. On the Road.

B. Life is Elsewhere.

C. The Stories of Sahara.

D. Lotus.（2）Whose book could be the most suitable for your trip to Germany?

A. Jack Kerouac's.

B. Sanmao's.

C. Annbaby's.

D. Milan Kundera's.（3）What can we learn from the text?

A. Lotus is a religious book exploring Tibetan Buddhist culture.

B. On the road advises a classic route for driving across the US.

C. The stories of Sahara records its authors' own life in the desert.

D. Life is Elsewhere demonstrates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's own life.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了几本适合在旅行途中阅读的书。

（1）考查细节理解。根据On the Road, 1957, by Jack Kerouac部分中的“After the exhausting and exciting trip, the characters in the book begin to realize the meaning of life.”可知，在那令人筋疲力尽的旅行之后，书中的人物开始意识到生命的意义，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据The Stories of the Sahara,1967, by Sanmao部分中的“Experience the artist's passionate life in the book during a trip to Central Europe”可知，Germany（德国）是属于Central Europe（中欧）的，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据Life is Elsewhere, 1975, by Milan Kundera部分中的“The book invites you to deeply reflect on your current life.”可知，本书引导人们对当前生活进行深刻地反思，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Education is not a bystanders sport. Numerous researchers have shown that when students participate in classroom discussion they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes promote learning. It is no coincidence that girls are more passive in the classroom discussion and score lower than boys on SATs.

We found that at all grade levels in all communities and in all subject areas boys controlled classroom communication. They participated in more interactions than girls did, and their participation became greater as the year went on.

Our research contradicted the traditional assumption that girls control classroom communication in reading while boys in math. We found that whether the subject was language arts and English or math and science, boys got more than their fair share of teacher attention. That teachers talk more to male students is simply because boys are more aggressive in grabbing their attention by calling out answers to the teachers' questions first. While girls sit patiently with their hands raised or keep silent. Psychologist Lisa Serbin and K.Daniel O'Leary, then at the state university of New York at stony brook studied classroom interaction at preschool level and found that teachers gave boys more attention, praised them more often and were at least twice as likely

to have extended conversations with them.

Years of experience have shown that the best way to learn something is to do it yourself. It is also important to give students specific and direct feedback about the quality of their work and answers. Teachers behave differently depending on whether boys or girls are active to provide answers during discussions. During classroom discussion, teachers in our study reacted to boys answers with powerful, precise and effective responses, while they often gave girls mild and unclear reactions because of their silence. Too often, girls remain in the dark about the quality of their answers. Active students receiving precise feedback are more likely to achieve academically. And they are more likely to be boys.

This kind of communication game is played at work, as well as at school. As reported in numerous studies, it goes like this.

Men speak more often and frequently interrupt women.

Listeners recall more from male speakers than from female speakers, even when both use a similar speaking style and cover the same content.

Women participate less actively in conversation. They do more smiling and gazing, and they are more often the passive by standers in professional and social conversations among peers. Women often their own statements into unsure comments. This is accomplished by using qualifiers and by adding tag question. These uncertain patterns weaken impact and signal a lack of power and influence.

Only when girls are active and treated equally in the classroom will they be more likely to achieve equality in the workplace.

（1）What does the authors mean when they say“Education is not a bystanders sport.”? A. Both boys and girls should do more sports. B. The girl students should be the audience to watch the boy students' discussions.

C. The boy students should not be too active in the classroom discussions.

D. Both boy and girl students should take an active part in the classroom discussions.

（2）Which of the following is Not true?

A. Girls' scores are lower than boys on SATs.

B. Girls control classroom discussion in reading while boys in maths.

C. Boys control classroom discussion in both reading and maths.

D. Boys are more confident in calling out answers to catching the teachers' attention.

（3）The factors that contribute to the students' effective learning are the following except__________.

A. The students can take an active part in the classroom discussion

B. The students do it themselves

C. Teachers can give students specific and direct feedback the quality of their work and answers

D. Students transform their own statements into uncertain comments

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了教育不是旁观者的活动。要想学有所获，必

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