中考阅读专题：主旨大意题

阅读专题：主旨大意题

一、主旨大意题的题干表现形式

1. 主要内容型:

What is the passage / text / article mainly about? What is the main / general idea of this passage? This passage mainly tells us about / that ______.

2. 主题型:

What is the topic / subject of the article? Which subject is discussed in the text?

3. 最佳标题型:

What is the best title for this text / passage / article? Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

4. 写作目的型:

The purpose of this article / passage / text is to_______. The author’s main purpose of wr iting the passage is ______.What is the writer’s purpose of writing this passage? The article has been written to explain _______.

例1:Our neighborhood has really changed. When I last visited there, about half of the houses had been torn down (拆除)to make way for a highway. The rest of the buildings were covered with billboards (宣传板)and surrounded by traffic signs and garbage. Now the whole neighborhood has become dirty, noisy and full of cars.

例2:Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia (栀子花) was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to find out the sender’s name and was just pleased with the beautiful white flower, in soft pink paper.

I never stopped imagining (想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these daydreams. She’d ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps it was the old man acros s the street. I’d delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.

One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming gr aduation dance, and I didn’t care whether I had a new dress or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me

miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).

My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. A Childhood Dream

B. A Mother’s Love

C. A Graduation Party

D. A Special Birthday

例3:JAKARTA (Xinhua) —The Indonesia Health Ministry said that a three-year-old Indonesian boy died of bird flu (流感) on Wednesday. He became the 108th people who died of this disease in the country. Nyoman Kandun, the leader of the Health Ministry, told Xinhua on telephone that the boy loved to play with birds ...

小试牛刀

1. Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!

What is the main idea of this paragraph?

A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.

B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice.

C. Samantha, I miss you very much.

D. Samantha, I can’t eat and sleep well.

2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.

Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph?

A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.

B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.

C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans.

D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.

because people read and read and read but never use the information provided. Knowledge is fantastic but it is not life changing until used. I love to read personal development material to keep a positive attitude towards my life, but l also realize that if I don't set goals to achieve, then l will always be a talk the talk person who is great at giving advice but useless at realizing it. If you have no plans of practicing what you say, then it may he best to keep your mouth closed. Do yon want to know who you are? Don't ask. Act! Action will explain you. Whatever excuses we have for not

living up to our talent, the fact is that time will always move forward. Be whatever yon want to be and whatever you can be. Always remember the only limits we have are the ones we create for ourselves. Life is not what we think, it is what we experience when we act upon the thoughts we entertain.

60. What is the best title for the passage? A. See a Clear Picture of Life,

B. Get Started to Be Great.

C. Set Goals to Achieve

D. Act upon Thoughts

Hucco Tanks State Historical Park is home to thousands of Native American paintings and drawings. Ancient

works of rock art dating back thousands of years lie within caves hidden in the hills. T he paintings at Hucco Tanks have lasted for centuries.

The walls tell stories of many people and many times for at least 10,000 years. Severa l different groups of people

have traveled through and lived in the area. These group often left their mark with roc k paintings and drawings. Scientists have studied these ancient works of art to learn m ore about the people who made them. Scientists believe that around 6,000 BC a group now known as the Desert Archaic people occupied (占有) the area. The earliest of their drawings are simple wavy and straight lines. Later d rawings show scenes of people holding spears (矛) while deer and other animals run a round them.

Around 1,000 AD the Mogollon people lived in the area. The Mogollon were farmers. More than most farmers.

the Mogollon valued water. For them water held great meaning. This group of farmers painted many pictures of water flowing over the land and rain with lightning.

The Mescalero Apaches created some of the most recent rock art at Hueco Tanks. The y stayed in the area for short

time around 1,600 AD. Spanish explorers had arrived in North America by this time. Many of the cave paintings from this period show Spanish soldiers on horses.

In 1849 the California Cold Rush was well under way. Some people traveled through hot. dry West Texas as they

made their way to Cahfornia‘s goldfields. Hueco Tanks provided water and shade (阴处) for these travelers. Many of these travelers put their names and dates on the rocks at Hueco Tanks. These writings are still found on the rocks today.

In May 1970 Hueco Tanks was made a state park, giving the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department control of the area.

The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department is using technology to help take care of the rock art. By studying these

works of art. visitors and scientists can learn much about the lives of some early Nativ

e Americans.

56. The passage is an introduction of .

A. the Native America n‘s life

B. the history of Hueco Tanks

C. the development of the Midwest

D. the rock arts at Hueco Tanks

towering presence in the classroom. She was the only woman tough enough to make me read Beowulf and think for a few stupid days that I liked it. From 1938 to 1942. sh e taught me English, history —and a lot more than I realized.

I shall never forget the day she scolded (批评) me into reading Beowulf. ―But Miss Bessie.‖ I complained, ―I

aim‘s much interested in it.‖

Her large brown eyes became sharp. ―Boy,‖ she said, ―how dare you say ?aim‘s‘ t o me! I‘ve taught you better than

that.‖―Miss Bessie,‖ I said, ―I‘m trying to join the football team, and if I go around saying ?it isn‘t‘ and ?they aren‘t,‘ the

guys are gonna laugh me off the team.‖―Boy,‖ she replied, ―you’ll play football because you have guts . But do you know what really takes guts? Refusing to lower your standards to those of the crowd. It takes guts to say you

‘ve got to live and he somebody fifty years after all the football games are over.‖ I started saying ―it isn’t‖―they aren ‘t,‖ and I still joined the team without losing my fr iends‘ respect.

Negroes, as we were called then, were not allowed in the town library, except to swee p floors or clean tales. Butwith the help of some nice whites, Miss Bessie kept getting books out of the white library. That is how she introduced me to the Brontes. Byron a nd Keats. ―If you don’t read. you can’t write, and if you can’t write, you might as well stop drea ming,‖ Miss Bessie once told me.

So I read whatever Miss Bessie told me to, and tried to remember the things she insist ed that I store away. It could

be embarrassing to be unprepared when Miss Bessie said, ―Get up and tell the class who Frances Perkins is and what you think about her.‖ Fort y-five years later, I can still recite her ―truths to live by‖.

Miss Bessie noticed things that had nothing to do with schoolwork, but were essential to a youngster‘s

development. Once a few classmates made fun of my worn-out hand-me-down overco at. As I was leaveng school. Miss Bessie patted me on the back of that old overcoat an d said, ―Carl, never worry about what you don‘t have. Justmake the most of what yo u do have – a brain.‖

No child can get all the necessary support at home, and millions of poor children get n

o support at all. This is

what makes a wise. educated. warm-hearted teacher like Miss Bessie so essential to th

e minds, hearts and souls o

f this country‘s children.

60. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage?

A. Dreams Go with Education

B. An Unforgettable Lesson

C. Unforgettable Miss Bessie

D. Reading Makes a Full Man

It was a Sunday and the heavy storm had lasted all night. The morning after the storm , though, was beautiful: blue skies, warm air and a calm, inviting sea.

My father realized it was a good day for fishing and invited my sister and me to go wi th him. I was only 14 and

fishing had never been my thing, but I decided to go all the same. I’m s glad I did. Being on the boat, we found there was something meters away. When moving nearer, we saw it was a mother

whale with her baby. We couldn‘t believe it — there aren‘t any whales along the coast . The storm must have driven them there, where the sea water was so dirty that nothin g could live in it.

The little baby whale—actually as big as our boat—was stuck and could not move. Th e mother went down into

the water and came up suddenly, making big waves. ―She ‘s trying to help her baby, but on the wrong side,‖ my father said. At this point, my father moved our boat to the other side and, heading the boat towards the baby whale, pushed it gently. With our several gentle pushes the baby whale turned over and disap peared under water. Then it swam up right beside its mum. They made great efforts to swim towards the deep sea but failed and started heading in the wrong direction. We h urried up to the whales and tried to lead them to the sea. Slowly, they let us lead them sometimes rising from the water right beside us to breathe —and to give us a trusting l ook with those huge eyes. Once they hit their first part of clean water from the sea, the mum gave us a wave with her tail and off they swam into the deep sea.

In the excitement it had felt like only a few minutes, but we had been with those wond erful animals for almost an

hour and a half. That was the simple and lasting beauty of the day. Today, I still look b ack to that golden day at sea. 57. By telling the story, the writer wants to tell us that A. saving lives makes people happy B. it‘s a good experience to go fishing

C. we should live with animals happily

D. keeping sea water clean is important Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, but many people don‘t have it. Com mon reasons for not eating

breakfast include shortage of time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike for breakfast, and dieting(节食).

Breakfast simply means ―break the fast‖. You eat noting for at least 6 to 12 hours each night. Even though you have still been burning energy. And in the morning your body needs energy for the da y‘s work ahead.

A good breakfast should provide up to 1/3 of your total calories that your body needs f or the day.

Generally speaking, we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn‘t interest you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half your dinner for breakfast in the morning.

If you still aren

‘t hungry in the morning, start with something small like juice or bread or have nutri tious (有营养的) mid-morning snack later when you are hungry.

So, you say you‘re on a diet. Some people are afraid that eating breakfast will make th em hungrier during the day

and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make you feel hungry throughout the day. ―That‘s because your body is working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in fact you‘re probably not.

Not eating breakfast may cause you to overeat, because a fall in blood sugar often ma kes you feel hungry later. To make things worse, since your body is in a slowed state, it will not be able to burn those extra calories well. If you feed your body healthy sna cks and meals throughout the day, you may not become hungry so easily and eat too much when you have meals.

Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, your choice is importa nt. The best breakfast foods

are fruits, juice, lean meat, and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals.

60. What is the best title for this passage? A. Breakfast and Energy B. Why Not Eat Breakfast C. Breakfast and Dieting

D. What to Eat for Breakfast

Many strong and out-of-control emotions are recognized as an illness. People who are always very sad have depression(抑郁症); those who worry a lot have anxiety.

But what about anger problems ? Anger is largely viewed as a secondary emotion—o ne caused by other emotions. People are thought to angry because they are sad, anxiou s or stressed. In the past, many doctors didn‘t accept the idea that anger could be a pro blem all on its own.

Today, though, a growing number of mental health experts think that anger is a seriou s problem that needs its own treatment.

How to tell the difference between ―normal‖ anger and ―anger problem‖ is difficult. After all, everyone gets really mad from time to time. Ex perts point out a few ways.

Disordered anger, as it is something called, tends to be of greater intensity(强度). It takes very little to set off a person with an anger problem, and their responses(反

应) are very strong. An example: While most people would get upset if a driver cut th em off, someone with disordered anger might try to chase down the car and force it of f the road. And in case of disordered anger, the person gets angry more frequently and his/her anger last longer. For most people, angry feelings disappear quickly. But p eople with anger problems often stay angry for days, weeks or even years: their feelin g of angry don‘t disappear over time.

Consequences are also important to consider: Disordered anger often damages peopl e‘s lives. ―It interferes(干扰) with people ‘s relationships and their jobs,‖ says Raymond Chip Tafrate, a US psychologist. ―

Even their health is affected.‖

Anger clearly increases the risk of certain health problems, as many studies have sh own. ―When a person is angry, their heart beats faster and their blood pressure goes up,‖ sa ys Howard Kassinove, a professor at Hofstra in New

York. Over time, these changes take their toll on thr body, he adds.

Experts suggest that people with an anger problem take anger—management program s. The programs teach people to control their responses to stressful situations thought t he use of relaxation techniques. The programs sometimes include life—skills training as well: increasing someone‘s level of bring down stress and cut angry feelings.

60. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Can anger be an illness?

B. Is it disordered anger?

C. Can anger influence our life?

D. Is anger management important?

Can you imagine the very first modem Olympics in 1896 with no landing mats, no stopwatches and no photo finishes? In fact, cameras and stopwatches were not used until the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, USA. Thanks for technology, Olympics have been developing at an unbelievable speed. Today-technology has completely changed sports. Take sports equipment for example. Electronic eyes hanging at the starting lines, together with digital cameras, could catch correct race time and also help to catch runners who ―jump the gun‖. As runners cross the finishing fine, special digital cameras can also easily decide the winner. The days of ―dead heats‖we gone. Technological developments are also good for athletes. New sports suits, which get less wind effects, can help cut up to one-tenth of a second from runners‘race time. Top athletes, like Liu Xiang, are even provided with hand-made sports shoes. These shoes are made to fit the athlete exactly-and there are some more changes in the shoes that meet each runner‘s personal needs. Technology has also changed the way of many sports. Take one example-the pole vault. The landing mat makes a big difference to the vaulting style as athletes no longer need to worry about hurting themselves as they fan. Without these worries, athletes could jump higher. New swimming pools have been scientists have worked

out a new swimming style to improve the speed. The increasing technological developments have led many sportsmen to suggest that the ―Olympic spirit‖is being lost in a rash to break records and win medals. Many developing countries say that technology has become too important in sport and that athletes from developing countries are disadvantaged. There are no easy answers but one thing is sure-we cannot turn hack times. Technology cannot go backwards. 64. The purpose of the writer in writing this article is

A. to suggest we should keep up with the times

B. to suggest we reduce technology in Olympics

C. to suggest we train better athletes like Liu Xiang

D. to suggest we care more about developing countries

The rising costs of health care have become a problem for many countries in the world. To deal with this problem, it is reported that a big part of the government‘s health budge（预算）has been used for health education and disease prevention instead of treatment. Actually, many kinds of diseases are preventable in many ways and preventing a disease is usually much cheaper than treating it. For example, people could avoid catching a cold if they dressed warmly when the weather starts getting cold. But many people get sick because they fail to do so, and have to spend money seeing a doctor. Daily habits like eating more healthy food would have kept millions of families from becoming bankrupt（破产）if the patients had taken ways for early prevention. For example, keeping a balanced diet（均衡饮食）, such as not consuming too much animal fat and trying to have enough vegetables and fruits, seems to be quite important. One very effective and costless way of prevention is regular（定期的）exercise, which is necessary for a healthy mind and body. Regular exercise, such as running, walking, and playing sports is a good way to make people feel better. In addition, health education plays a key role in improving people‘s health. By giving people more information about health, countries could help people understand the importance of disease prevention and ways to achieve it. For example, knowing one‘s family medical history is an effective way to help keep healthy. Information about health problems among close relatives will make them aware of what they should do to prevent certain diseases through lifestyle changes, which will

work before it is too late. However, paying more attention to disease prevention does not mean medical treatment is unimportant. After all, prevention and treatment are just two different means toward the same effect. In conclusion, we could save money on

health care and treat patients more successfully if our country spends more money on health prevention and education.

55. What‘s the best title of the passage?

A. Health or Illness?

B. Exercise or Illness?

C. Prevention or Education?

D. Prevention or Treatment?

Do you know that women‘s brains are smaller than men‘s? Normally the women ‘s brain weighs 10% less than men ‘s. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent（聪明的） than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intellige nce tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers h ave concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The bra in is made up of ―grey matter‖ and ―white matter‖. While men have more of the white matter, the amount（数量）of ―thinking‖ brain is almost the same in both men and women.

It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the tw o sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls may lea rn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of different information at th e same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and k eeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, it‘s women who come out on top every time.

There are other important differences between two sexes（性别）. As white matter is the key to spatial（空间的）tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. ―A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he kn

ows where to go,‖ says one researcher. That may explain one of life ‘s great mysteries: why men refuse to ask for directions … and women often need to !

The differences begin when fetuses（胎儿）are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children when they are ve ry young. A boy would try to climb a barrier before him or push it down while a girl w ould ask for help from others. These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require good spatial skills, while more women speech skills. It may all go back to our ancestors, among whom women needed speech skills to take ca re of their babies and men needed spatial skills to hunt, according to one research. 60. The passage is mainly about _______. A. ways of being more intelligent B. differ ences between men and women C. studies on brains between two sexes D. studies on white matter and grey matter

Sometimes you think your teacher hates you? You

‘re not the only one. Teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(冲突), just like any two people who don‘t get along. After all, teachers aren‘t perfect. However, most of the time, there are lot of reasons why you complain about your te acher‘s

bad attitudeto you. So try to find out if your teacher really does dislike you. Or someth ing else is going on. Here are some questions to ask yourself:

* Is your teacher angry at you personally, or at something you‘ve been doing?

All teachers have something that they strongly dislike. Maybe your teacher hates it when people whisper

in class. If you try hard not to do these things, the situation might get better.

* Are you the only person being treated badly, or is your teacher shouting at the who le class?

Ask your classmates if they‘ve been having trouble with the teacher too. If they say yes, perhaps your teacher is having problems outside of school, or is new and feels so mething badly. *Are you working up to your ability?

You and the kid sitting beside you both got a C on the last test, and your teacher told

you that you could do better, but didn‘t say anything to her! Isn‘t this unfair? Well, te achers often treat different students in different levels in different ways. They will be angry if they feel someone does not do the work he is able to. It‘s their way to encour age a student to try a little harder.

* Are you more sensitive(敏感) than most students?

Try to find out if you are very sensitive to be criticized. If the other students aren

‘t as sensitive, they will not be in such trouble even though the teacher treated them t he same way. There‘s nothing wrong with being sensitive, but if you act to criticism di fferently than most kids, this would be the reason why you think your teacher doesn‘t like you. 56. The writer wrote the passage to tell students how to ____.

A. get along with their teachers

B. do during a class as a student

C. understand the t eachers‘ feeling

D. act when they are criticized

There are several kinds of distances people keep. Dr. Hall names them intimate, pers onal, social, and public. Intimate distance is being very close to another, as in a family . Personal distance might be the kind people put between themselves at a party. Social distance is more businesslike and formal. Public distance is used by actors, politician s, and leaders before a large group.

Scientists are trying to find out how people use these different distances. They want to discover why, when, and where people allow closeness or use space to protect themse lves from others.

Since proxemics is a new science, there aren

‘t many conclusions about the meaning of spaces separating people. But you can ma ke some general observations(观察) on your own. Take note how you use space on different situations. What message do you get from other people as they move close to you or away from you? Does dista nce give you a feeling that you are being ignored(忽视)? When do you feel crowded(拥挤的)?

Standing in line at a shop counter, you can learn about space. People keep just enou gh distance between each other so that they don‘t invade(侵犯) each other

‘s area. If you should move in on another person ‘s area, you would soon know it. That person would become nervous or turn around to show you the angry expression on his or her face. Or that person might simply tell you, ―Please step back. I’m too crowded.‖

School is a good place to study how space is used and how people mark their own ar ea. At school you probably have a desk or part of a table to call your own. How do yo u feel when you find someone sitting at your desk or covering your table with papers and books? Maybe you want to protect your area. You might tell the other person that it belongs to you. Then you might move his or her things aside. You might even ask th at person to leave your area. Whether people are close together or far from each othe r, space can tell you indeed. The most important thing in space dialogue is whether pe ople respect one another‘s areas. Invading other people‘s space might mean trouble.

60. The best title of the passage probably is ____

A. How interesting space is!

B. Space does speak indeed

C. Space can be everywhe re

D. One should own his space

阅读理解--主旨大意,

主旨大意题的阅读理解题 主旨大意是全文或相关段落的概括和总结，主要考查学生在理解文章的基础上对全文的高度概括。 （1）Stepping into a pool of water is common enough, but who could ever imagine stepping into a pool of fish? In February of 1974, Bill Tapp, an Australian farmer, saw a rain of fish that covered his farm. How surprised he must have been when he heard many fish hitting against his roof! What caused this strange occurrence? This is a question that had long puzzled people who study fish. The answer turned out to be a combination of wind and storm. When it is spring in the northern part of the world . it is fall in Australia .Throughout the autumn season, terrible storms arise and huge vacuum cleaners , collecting seaweed, pieces of wood, and even schools of fish . Strong winds may carry these bits nature for many miles before vacuum dropping them on fields , houses, and astonished people. What is this passage about? A、A sad story B、A rain of fish C、Australian’s northern part D、The damage done by floods (2) Variety of activity was also seen as a way of maintaining or increasing motivation. Several years ago we had one timetable that operated throughout , but we soon found that both the students and the teachers

阅读理解专题1主旨大意A

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