【3年高考2年模拟1年原创】最新2013版高考英语 专题18 阅读理解 人物故事、人物传记类

3年高考2年模拟1年原创专题18 阅读理解——人物故事、人物传

记类（教师版）

【考点定位】 2014考纲解读和近几年考点分布

人物传记主要向读者介绍科学家、文学家、思想家、政治家、企业家和影视、体育明星等杰出人物在各自领域所取得的重大成就，尤其注重介绍这些杰出人物如何克服身体残缺、自然环境和社会环境所造成的各种困难。为人类做出巨大贡献，也为自己的事业谱写精彩篇章。这些杰出人物不仅推动了社会的进步，而且他们对事业的追求、对人民的厚爱成为时代最重要的精神财富。通过阅读人物的小传记或摘录该人物一些典型事件，如人生的起伏、克服困难取得成功等，考生可以得到激励或受到启发，同时也可以了解这些人物所生活的社会文化背景。

故事类阅读理解选材来源于日常生活，给人以似曾相识的感觉。体裁一般是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。应特别注意对人物的外貌、语言、动作和思想的描写，从而把握人物性格特点和作者的情感态度。若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应渎懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。

2.熟悉人物介绍文命题规律

(1)人物时段介绍判断题

这种试题往往以What is the article mainly about? What life part of the hero is mentioned in the text? 为设问方式考查对人物时段介绍的判断。因为人物传记往往介绍杰出人物一生学习、工作和生活情况，因此这种试题往往以The life of the hero.或The whole life of the hero is mentioned in our text.为答案。这种试题也可转换形式，以How old is the hero now? How old was the hero when he died? How many years did he live?为设问方式。因为人物传记往往要从人物出生介绍到现在/人物死亡，因此推算这些试题答案时，应仔细分析思考人物的起止年龄。

(2)童年生活质量判断题

人物传记常出现What do we know about his childhood?之类的试题。杰出人物为什么有超强的毅力和惊人的吃苦精神？因为他们从小身处逆境饱尝生活艰辛，从此发奋努力，全力实现心中理想，因此这种试题答案多为：He lived a hard life.或He had an unhappy childhood.或He didn抰 live as happy as the other children.

(3)人物简历正确顺序判断题

人物传记的最大特点就是记叙人物一生的经历，因此人物简历正确顺序判断题是常考试题，这种试题往往从人物全部活动中挑选4~6个重要活动并打乱其顺序，要求学生重新排序，并选择相应正确答案。解题时应先阅读试题中所列4~6个重大事件，力争对事件有一定印象，然后回到原文中重新阅读原文，并从事件的发生、发展、高潮及事件发生的前因后果等角度仔细排列事件发生的前后顺序。解题时切忌使用一一代入法，因为这么做看似可行，其实费

时又费力，而且这么做难度加大，极易产焦虑心理，陷入恶性循环。

(5)人物成功原因判断题

杰出人物的成功为社会创造了巨大的精神财富和物质财富，人们不禁会探究其成功秘诀，使之转化为新的生产力，因此人物传记阅读理解常出现人物成功原因判断题。这些试题往往以Why did the hero finally succeed？或What is the secret of the hero抯 success?或What can we learn from the hero抯 success?为设问方式考查对人物成功因素的判断。其答案往往为“He/She is not easy to bow before difficulties.或He /She never gives in to all kinds of hardships. 或He/She never gives up/loses heart in face of failure.或He/She has strong perseverance.或He/She has strong self-belief等。”

(6)人物性格判断题

人们常所说有成就的人往往是有个性的人，可以说正是杰出人物的独特个性铸就了他的成功，因此探究人物个性也成了人物传记阅读理解重要题型，不过这种试题与人物成功原因判断题有异曲同工之处，其回答也大同小异，这里不再赘述。

(7)人物重要成果判断题

所有人物介绍文均会介绍杰出人物重要成果，因此常出现人物重要成果判断题，这种试题常以What was the use of...?...would solve....为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重要成果的介绍及其主要作用和现实意义，从而准确解答试题。

(8)人物困难判断题

杰出人物的成功不是一帆风顺的，都会出现重大困难，因此人物介绍文常出现人物困难判断题，这种试题常以What was the biggest difficulty that...faced? ...failed to continue his research work because...，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物困难的描绘，将所遇困难进行排列，并弄清其最大困难是什么，以便准确做题。

(9)人物地位判断题

杰出人物可能逝世多年，但人们是不会忘记他们的，人们是会公平评价他们的历史地位的，因此人物介绍文常出现人物地位判断题，这种试题常以From the passage, we can infer that....或According to the passage,...was...为设问方式，解题时应认真阅读原文对人物重大贡献及社会影响进行介绍的内容，从而准确解答试题。

阅读这类文章，应特别注意对任务的外貌、语言、动作、思想的描写，进而把握人

物性格特点和作者的情感态度。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。那么怎样准备理解细节呢？首先，从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中寻找细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，迅速比较选项和文中细节的区别。

若是叙述性的文章，要读懂起因、经过、结果。若是故事性文章应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮、结局。它们是我们读懂故事所必需的。

若是幽默故事，应体会风趣的对话、特别的动作，它们是幽默的精髓。

【考点pk】名师考点透析

考点一、细节事实理解。

一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。

1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。如：

A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the U.S.This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon.It is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to the other on a road，which is on the top of the dam.This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside.The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom.There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to San Francisco.Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.

This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6c18916899.html,ter it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States.Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

Q：Hoover Dam lies______ .

A.between Arizona and Nevada

B.in the Black Canyon

C.between New York and San Francisco

D.both A and B

【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。

2.间接事实题

解答此类题，需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。

Invited by Mr.Ye Huixian，host of the well-received TV programme“Stars Tonight”，Miss Luo Lin，Miss Asia of 1991，appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday.

Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old，Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia.Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess.Before she took part in the competition，she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years.However， it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage，dancing,singing,making-up and other proper manners，designed by the Asia TV Station.

“It’s really a hard job for me.I won’t enter for such competition any

more.Anyhow，I am quite lucky.I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title.This time，in Shanghai，I’d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience，”said Luo Lin with a sweet smile.

Q：Which of the following is NOT true?

A.Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.

B.Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents.

C.Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/6c18916899.html, TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.

考点二、主题理解或写作意图推断。

一、主旨阅读理解题考查的内容

1.短文的标题（title,headline）；

2.短文或段落的主题（subject）；

3.中心思想(main idea)；

4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。

二、此类题的设问方式

1.What would be the best title for the text?

2.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?

3.What is the passage mainly about?

4.The main purpose of announcing the above events is__________.

考点三、推理推断。

推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。

此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：

1.We can infer from the Passage that__________.

2.What can be inferred from the Passage?

3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?

4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that__________.

5.The author suggests in this paragraph that__________.

6.The writer implies that__________.

7.It can be inferred that__________.

8.It can be concluded from the Passage that__________.

9.On the whole,we can conclude that__________.

10.From the text we can conclude that__________.

11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that__________.

12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?

13.The author is inclined to think that__________.

14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that__________.

15.What’s the writer’s attitude/feeling towards...?

16.In the writer’s opinion,...

考点四、词义、句义猜测。

词义猜测阅读理解题考查对文中关键词语的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。

此类题的设问方式主要有

1.The word “...”in Line...means/can be replaced by...

2.As used in the passage,the phrase “...”suggests...

3.From the passage,we can infer that the word/phrase “...” is/referred to...

4.The wor d “...” is closest in meaning to...猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。

1.定义法。如:

Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即“退火”。

It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is,it will break easily.

从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。

The herdsman,who looks after sheep，earns about 650 yuan a year.

定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为“牧人”。

4.构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。如:

Perhaps,we can see some possibilities for next fifty years.But the next hundred?

possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。

5.因果法。如：

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久”。

【三年高考】【三年高考】 10、11 、12、13高考试题及其解析

1.(2013全国大纲)

In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an international festival of music, dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.

At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival. Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform, and they did so in a public house disused for years.

Soon, groups of students firstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.

Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre, music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And years early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing, some said it was getting too big.

A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold.

60. Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning?

A. To bring Europe together again.

B. To honor heroes of World War 11.

C. To introduce young theatre groups.

D. To attract great artists from Europe.

61. Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to Edinburgh in 1947?

A. They owned a public house there.

B. They came to take up a challenge.

C. They thought they were also famous.

D. They wanted to take part in the festival.

62. Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?

A. they owned a public house there

B. University students.

C. trusts from around the world.

D. Performers of music and dance.

63. We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival.

A. has become a non-official event

B. has gone beyond an art festival

C. gives shows all year round

D. keeps growing rapidly

60【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，组织音乐节的目的是为了重新团结欧洲。故选A。

61.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform可知，他们不请自来是因为他们认为每个人都有表演的权利。故选D。

62.【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段话groups of students firstly from Edinburgh

University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, Durham and Birmingham可知，后来加入的都是大学生，故选B。

63.【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题。A项未提及；艺术节一直以来都是演出戏剧、舞蹈等艺术形式，并未超出艺术范围，排除B；文中只提到由eight administrators来全年工作和管理，故C错；根据最后一段最末一句可知，艺术节发展非常迅速，D符合题意，故选D。

2.（2013福建）

When I was 12, all I wanted was a signet (图章) ring. They were the "in" thing and it seemed every girl except me had one. On my 13th birthday, my Mum gave me a signet ring with my initials(姓名首字母) carved into it. I was in heaven.

What made it even more special was that it was about the only thing that wasn't being "replaced". We'd been burnt out in fires that swept through our area earlier that year and had lost everything—so most of the " new" stuff (东西) we got was really just to replace what we'd lost. But not my ring. My ring was new.

Then, only one month later, I lost it. I took it off before bed and it was missing in the morning. I was sad and searched everywhere for it. But it seemed to have disappeared. Eventually, I gave up and stopped looking for it. And two years later, we sold the house and moved away.

Years passed, and a couple of moves later, I was visiting my parents' when Mum told me that she had something for me. It wasn't my birthday, nor was it Easter or Christmas or any other gift-giving occasion. Mum noticed my questioning look. " You'll recognize this one," she said, smiling.

Then she handed me a small ring box. I took it from her and opened it to find my beautiful signet ring inside. The family who had bought our house 13 years earlier had recently decided to do some redecorations, which included replacing the carpets. When they pulled the carpet up in my old bedroom, they found the ring. As it had my initials carved into it, they realized who owned the ring. They'd had it professionally cleaned up by a jeweler before sending it to my mother. And it still fits me.

56. The underlined word "in" in the first paragraph probably means "_____".

A. fashionable

B. available

C. practical

D. renewable

57. When she got the ring back, the writer was about _____.

A. 13 years old

B. 15 years old

C. 26 years old

D. 28 years old

58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. The writer's family moved several times.

B. The writer never stopped looking for her ring.

C. The writer's ring was cleaned up by the new house owner.

D. The writer lost her ring in the morning when she took it off.

59. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. My New Ring

B. Lost and Found

C. Lost and Replaced

D. An Expensive Ring

【要点综述】本文为记叙文，讲诉作者渴望得到一枚有字母的戒指，但不小心丢失，在多年后奇迹般的找回的故事。

56.【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。根据后文的句子：每个女孩都有的东西，应该是“时尚的”，故选A。

57.【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。计算题：根据第一段可知作者13岁时，母亲给了她戒指做礼物，从第三段可知两年后，作者家卖了房子，搬走了，从第六段内容可知在13年后作者又得到了这枚丢失的戒指，这时作者应该是28岁，故选D。

58.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知作者搬家几次，句中的a couple of与A项的several意义相同，故选A。

59.【答案】B

【解析】主旨概括题。文章主要讲述了作者的戒指失而复得的故事，故选B。

3.（2013广东）

One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England，an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. "This boy has lost his family," he wrote. "He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I'm very worried about him. Can you help?”

I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to, and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically The first two times we met, David didn't say a word. He sat there, only looking up to look at the children's drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon一in complete silence and without looking at me. It's not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.

Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed. took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?

"Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with," I thought. "Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.

"Ifs your turn," he said.

After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times. about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.

Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one一without any words 一can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on,

a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.

36. When he first met the author, David .

A. felt a little excited

B. walked energetically

C. looked a little nervous

D. showed up with his teacher

37. As a psychologist, the author .

A. was ready to listen to David

B. was skeptical about psychology

C. was able to describe David's problem

D. was sure of handling David's problem

38．David enjoyed being with the author because he________.

A．wanted to ask the author for advice

B．need to share sorrow with the author

C．liked the children’s drawings in the office

D．bear the author many times in the chess game

39．What can be inferred about David?

A．He recovered after months of treatment.

B．He liked biking before he lost his family.

C．He went into university soon after starting to talk.

D．He got friends in school before he met the author.

40．What made David change?

A．His teacher’s help.

B．The author’s friendship.

C．His exchange of letters with the author.

D．The author’s silent communication with him.

4.（2013广东）

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（监控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apartment , the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved form the

computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked — remotely — to prevent Internet searches , and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down? In the battle against cheating , this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid —that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

Although online classes have existed for more than a decade ，the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of "open online courses." Private colleges，public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field . spending millions of dollars to attract potential students，while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance. Aside from the web camers, a number of other hight-tich methods are becoming increasingly popular Among them are programs that check students’ identities using personal information,such as the telephone number they once used.

Other programs can produce unique exam by drawing on a arge list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test question are answered at the same speed as easy ones ,As in many university classes ,term papers are scanned aganinest some large Internet data banks for cheating.

41. Why was Jennifer watched in anonine exam ?

A.To correct her typing mistakes.

B.To find her secrets in the room.

Cto prevent her form slowing down.

D.To keep her from dishonest behaciors.

42. The underlined expression cutting edge in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

A.advanced teachique

B.sharpening tool

C.effective rule

D.dividing line

43.For internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if _____.

A.they can attract potential students

B.they can defeat academic cheating

C.they offer students online help

D.they offer many online courses

44.Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _____.

A.checking the question answering speed

B.produucing a large number of question

C.scanning the Internet test question

D.giving difficult test question

45.Which of the following is the best title of this passage?

A.The Advantages of Online Exams

B.The High-tech Methods in Online Courses

C.The Fight against Cheating in Online Education

D.The War against the Booming of Online Education

6.（2013湖南）

In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (开花) where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.

Dorothy taught in a school In Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than

feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.

From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom. I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner”(lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.

Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (360 words)

61. “Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A. a program directed by Dorothy

B. a course given by the author

C. an activity held by the students

D. an organization sponsored by Union college

62. In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.

A. the long track

B. the poor houses

C. the same train

D. the winding road

63. Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.

A. a warm welcome

B. the sight of poke greens

C. Dorothy’s latest projects

D. a big dinner made for her

64. What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?

A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.

B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.

C. She passed the required assessment.

D. She received her Ph. D. degree.

65. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

A. Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.

B. Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.

C. However poor you are, you have the right to education,

D. Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.

61.

【考点定位】：

62.

【考点定位】：

63.

【考点定位】：

64.

【考点定位】：

65.

【考点定位】：

7.(2013江苏)

Mark Twain has been called the inventor of the American novel. And he surely

deserves additional praise: the man who popularized the clever literary attack on racism.

I say clever because anti-slavery fiction had been the important part of the literature in the years before the Civil War. H. B. Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin is only the most famous example. These early stories dealt directly with slavery. With minor exceptions, Twain planted his attacks on slavery and prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else entirely. He drew his readers into the argument by drawing them into the story.

Again and again, in the postwar years, Twain seemed forced to deal with the challenge of race. Consider the most controversial, at least today, of Twain’s novels, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Only a few books have been kicked off the shelves as often as Huckleberry Finn, Twain’s most widely read tale. Once upon a time, people hated the book because it struckthemas rude. Twain himself wrote that those who banned the book considered the novel “trash and suitable only for the slums(贫民窟).” More recently the book has been attacked because of the character Jim, the escaped slave, and many occurrences of the word nigger. (The term Nigger Jim, for which the novel is often severely criticized, never appears in it.) But the attacks were and are silly—and miss the point. The novel is strongly anti-slavery. Jim’s search through the slave states for the family from whom he has been forcibly parted is heroic. As J. Chadwick has pointed out, the character of Jim was a first in American fiction—a recognition that the slave had two personalities, “the voice of survival within a white slave culture and the voice of the individual: Jim, the father and the man.”

There is much more. Twain’s mystery novel Pudd’nhead Wilson stood as a challenge to the racial beliefs of even many of the liberals of his day. Written at a time when the accepted wisdom held Negroes to be inferior (低等的) to whites, especially in intelligence, Twain’s tale centered in part around two babies switched at birth. A slave gave birth to her master’s baby and, for fear that the child should be sold South, switched him for the master’s baby by his wife. The slave’s light-skinned child was taken to be white and grew up with both the attitudes and the education of the slave-holding class. The master’s wife’s baby was taken for black and grew up with the attitudes and intonations of the slave.

The point was difficult to miss: nurture (养育), not nature, was the key to social status. The features of the black man that provided the stuff of prejudice—manner of speech, for example—were, to Twain, indicative of nothing other than the conditioning that slavery forced on its victims.

Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自传) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them. Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

Was Twain a racist? Asking the questioning the 21 stcentury is as wise as asking the same of Lincoln. If we read the words and attitudes of the past through the

“wisdom” of the considered moral judgments of the present, we will find nothing but error. Lincoln, who believed the black man the inferior of the white, fought and won a war to free him. And Twain, raised in a slave state, briefly a soldier, and inventor of Jim, may have done more to anger the nation over racial injustice and awaken its collective conscience than any other novelist in the past century.

65. How do Twain’s novels on slavery differ from Stowes?

A. Twain was more willing to deal with racism.

B. Twain’s attack on racism was much less open.

C. Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.

D. Twain was openly concerned with racism.

66. Recent criticism of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn arose partly from its_____.

A. target readers at the bottom

B. anti slavery attitude

C. rather impolite language

D. frequent use of “nigger”

67. What best proves Twain’s anti slavery stand according to the author?

A. Jim’s search for his family was described in detail.

B. The slave’s voice was first heard in American novels.

C. Jim grew up into a man and a father in the white culture.

D. Twain suspected that the slaves were less intelligent.

68. The story of two babies switched mainly indicates that .

A. slaves were forced to give up their babies to their masters

B. slaves babies could pickup slave holders‵ way of speaking

C. blacks‵ social position was shaped by how they were brought up

D. blacks were born with certain features of prejudice

69. What does the under lined word“they” in Paragraph 7 refer to?

A. The attacks.

B. Slavery and prejudice.

C. White men.

D. The shows.

70. What does the author mainly argue for?

A. Twain had done more than his contemporary writers to attack racism.

B. Twain was an admirable figure comparable to Abraham Lincoln.

C. Twain’s works had been banned on unreasonable grounds.

D. Twain s works should be read from a historical point of view.

8.（2013江西）

The light from the campfire brightened the darkness, but it could not prevent the damp cold of Dennis’s Swamp (沼泽地) creeping into their bones. It was a strange place. Martin and Tom wished that they had not accepted Jack’s dare. They liked camping, but not near this swamp.

“So,” Martin asked as they sat watching the hot coals. “How did this place get its name ? ”

“Are you sure you want to hear it ? It’s a scary story,” warned Jack.

“Of course!” cried out Tom. “If there were anything to be scare d of, you wouldn’t have chosen this place!”

“Ok, but don’t say I didn’t warn you,” said Jack, and he began this tale.

“Way back in time, a man called Dennis tried to start a farm here. He built that cottage over there to live in . In those days, the area looked quite different ---- it was covered with tall trees and the swamp was a crystal-clear river. After three hard years, Dennis had cleared several fields and planted crops. He was so proud of his success that he refused to listen to advice.

“ ‘You are clearing too much land, ’ warned one old man. ‘ The land is a living thing. It will hit back at you if you abuse it. ’

“ ‘ Silly fool,’ said Dennis to himself. ‘If I clear more land, I can grow more crops. I’ll become wealthier. He’s just jealous!’”

“Dennis continued to chop down trees. Small animals that relied on them for food and shelter were destroyed. He was so eager to expand his farm that he did not notice the river flowing slowly towards his door. He did not notice salt seeping to the surface of the land. He did not notice swamp plants choking all the native plants.”

“What happened ? ” Martin asked. It was growing colder. He trembled, twisting his body closer to the fire.

“The land hit back ---- just as the old man warned, ” Jack shrugged. “De nnis disappeared. Old folks around here believe that swamp plants moved up from the river and dragged him underwater. His body was never found.”

“What a stupid story, ” laughed Tom. “Plants can’t …” Before he had

finished speaking, he screamed and fainted(晕倒). The other two boys jumped up with fright, staring at Tom. Suddenly, they burst out laughing. Some green swamp ivy (常春藤) had covered Tom’s face. It was a while before Tom could appreciate the joke.

56. The underlined word “dare” in Paragraph 1 is close d in meaning to ________.

A. courage

B. assistance

C. instruction

D. challenge

57. Why did Jack tell Tom and Martin the story ?

A. To frighten them.

B. To satisfy their curiosity.

C. To warn them of the danger of the place.

D. To persuade them to camp in the swamp.

58. Why did Dennis ignore the warning of the old man ?

A. The old man envied him.

B. The old man was foolish

C. He was too busy to listen to others.

D. He was greedy for more crops.

59. Why did Tom scream and faint ?

A. He saw Dennis’s shadow

B. He was scared by a plant

C. His friends played a joke on him.

D. The weather became extremely cold.

60. What lesson can we learn from the story of Dennis ?

A. Grasp all, lose all.

B. No sweat, no sweet.

C. It is no use crying over spilt milk.

D. He who makes no mistakes makes nothing.

9.（2013辽宁）

“In deed,” George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly, or bug, had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug. When Washington wrote that, Englishmen hade been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(萤火虫). But the English were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity. Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs, and the like.

Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burglar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install (安装) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’conversation. Since the 1840s, to bug has long meant “to cheat”, and since the 1940s it has been annoying.

We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design. That meaning dates back to the time of Thomas Edison. In 1878 he explained bugs as “little problems and difficulties”that required months of study and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering ‘a bug’ in his invented record player.”

68. We learn from Paragraph 1 that __________________.

A.Americans had difficulty in learning to use the word bug