大学英语四级新题型详解及备考策略

大学英语四级新题型详解及备考策略

四级备考分项策略

听力

（一）考试概述&大纲解读

听力理解部分测试学生获取口头信息的能力。录音材料用标准的英式或美式朗读，语速约为每分钟130词。听力部分分值比例为35%，其中对话占15%，短文占20％，考试时间35分钟。

试卷构成

测试内容测试题型分值比例

听力理解听力

对话短对

话

多项选择8%

长对

话

多项选择7%

听力短文多项选择10%

听写10%

1.对话部分

对话部分(Listening Conversations)包括短对话和长对话，均采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。短对话有8段，每段为一轮对话和一个问题；长对话有两段，每段为5-8轮对话和3-4个问题；对话部分共15题。每段对话均朗读一遍，每个问题后留有15秒的答题时问。

2.短文部分

短文部分包括多项选择题型的短文理解(Listening Passages)和复合式听写（Dictation）。

多项选择题型的短文有3篇，每篇长度为210-250词，朗读一遍，每篇3-4题，共10题，每个问题后留有15秒的答题时间。复合式听写测试考生在不同层面上（从词汇到语篇）的听力理解能力。这部分测试采用一篇200-250词的短文，删去若干个单词和短语，全文朗读三遍。要求考生根据听到的内容填写所缺信息，所缺单词

和短语必须用原词填写。

听力理解考核的语言技能要求

A 理解中心思想和重要细节

1)理解中心思想

2)听懂重要的或特定的细节

3)判断说话人的观点、态度等

B 理解隐含的意思

4)推论隐含的意义

5)判断话语的交际功能

C 借助语言特征理解听力材料

6)辨别语音特征，如从连续的话语中辨别语音、理解重音和语音语调等

7)理解句间关系，如比较、原因、结果、程度、目的等

阅读

新四级阅读简介

2013.12 改革

改革前

写作（15% / 30min）→ 快速阅读（10% / 15min）→ 听力（35% / 35min）→ 选词填空（5% / 7min）→ 仔细阅读（20% / 18min）→ 完形填空（10% / 15min）→ 翻译（5% / 5min）

改革后

写作（15% / 30min）→ 听力（35% / 30min）→ 选词填空（5% / 7min）→长篇阅读（10% / 15min）→ 仔细阅读（20% / 18min）→ 翻译（15% / 30min）

长篇阅读综述

1.文章特点

长度、难度与原快速阅读一致

·1000-1200词

·10-20段

·议论文、说明文

·选自国外网站、杂志

2.题目考法

文后10个句子，确定来源段落

·可能是原文信息的重现、改写或归纳·并不符合顺序原则

·可能两句来自同一段落

·可能有段落无对应局

3.解题要点

·不求甚解：重点是看到，而非看懂

·先题后文：带着句子信息看文章

·主次分明：不要将精力均匀分配给每句话·有取有舍：优先确定来源明显的句子

4.解题步骤

1.看大标题

2.选定位词

3.读文做题

4.查漏补缺

翻译

四六级翻译出题形式

《关于大学英语四、六级考试题型调整的说明》原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字；六级长度为180-200个汉字。

翻译？

Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor.

—— Columbia Encyclopedia

翻译本身一种错误？

Translation is like dancing with chains.

Translation is like a girl, the more beautiful, the more unfaithful. Translation is the art of failure.

四级翻译评分标准

分数档标准特征符合定义

雅

13-15 译文准确表达了原文的

意思。用词贴切，行文

流畅，基本上无语言错

误，仅有个别小错。

达

10-12 译文基本上表达了原文

的意思。文字通顺、连

贯，无重大语言错误。

信

7-9 译文勉强表达了原文的

意思。用词欠准确，语

言错误相当多，其中有

些是严重语言错误。

经典翻译案例赏析

STUDIES serve for delight, for ornam ent, and for ability. Their chief u se for delight is in privateness an

d retiring; for ornament, is in dis course; and for ability, is in th

e judgment, and disposition o

f busine ss.

—— Francis

Bacon 读书足以怡情, 足以博采, 足以长才。其怡情也, 最见于独处幽居之时; 其博采也, 最见于高谈阔论之中, 其长才也, 最见于处事判事之际。

王佐良

译Able was I ere I saw Elba.

我在到俄尔巴岛之前是有能力的。

在我看到Elba岛之前，我曾所向无敌。

不到俄岛我不倒。

弱至孤岛孤至弱。

孤至厄岛厄至孤。

困遇孤岛孤遇困。

若非孤岛孤非若（弱）。

落败孤岛孤败落。

It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.

这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为所有这些行动迟缓、瞌睡稀稀、呆如树獭的人都留在家乡了。(余立三译)

那是一批卓越的人——因为那些慢慢吞吞、昏昏沉沉、反应迟钝、形如树獭的人留在了家乡。(杨莉藜译)

这是一批卓越能干的人民——因为那些行动迟缓、头脑迟钝、睡眼惺忪、呆如树獭的人留在了家乡。(章和升译)

(出来的) 这帮人个个出类拔萃——因为凡是呆板、呆滞、呆头呆脑的呆子都呆在了家里。（马红军译）

兔子不吃窝边草 A rabbit never eats the grass near its cave.

好马不吃回头草 A good horse should never turn back to eat grass.

天涯何处无芳草 You can find fragrant grass everywhere.

“草”在中国所代表的含义？

草：“普通”、“常见”、“低下”；草根、草民、草芥、草莽、草寇、草包；草率、草菅人命、草草了事

什么在英语当中表示“草”？fish

A loose fish（道德上）放荡不羁的人

Drink like a fish牛饮

不要班门弄斧Don’t teach a fish to swim.

以上句子的翻译还可以这样：

兔子不吃窝边草Never fish in your neighbor ’s pond.

好马不吃回头草 If you let a fish off, you let it off.

天涯何处无芳草 She is not the only fish in the ocean.

巧妇难为无米之炊。

Even the cleverest housewife can’t cook a meal without rice.

Even the cleverest housewife can’t make bread without flour.

If I should meet thee after long years. How should I greet thee?

With silence and tears.

--George Gordon Byron

尴尬的翻译

人之初：At the beginning of life. (白话文：生命的起初)

性本善：Sex is good. (白话文：性是美好的) 性相近：Basically, all the sex are the same. (白话文：基本上，所有的性行为是差不多滴)

习相远：But it depends on the way you do it. (白话文：但还是得依照个人的喜好而为之)

思考

Always meaning to meaning.

Never word to word.

翻译原则

《赤壁》 Red Cliff 红岩

《水浒传》 All men are Brothers 都他妈是兄弟

《霸王别姬》 Farewell, My Concubine 别了，我的情儿

写作

一．历年出题套路解析

(一)四级历年提醒汇总

2013/6 图画型议论文

2012/12图表型议论文

2012/6议论文

2011/12理解型议论文

2011/6议论文

2010/12解决型议论文

2010/6议论文

2009/12议论文

2009/6议论文2008/12议论文

2008/6议论文

2007/12议论文

2007/6 应用文

2006/12议论文

2006/6 应用文

2005/12议论文

2005/6 应用文

2004/12应用文

2004/6应用文

2003/12应用文2003/6应用文

2003/1 议论文

1995/1议论文2002/6 图表议论文

2002/1 应用文

2001/6议论文

2001/1 解决型议论

文

2000/6 议论文

2000/1 解决型议论

文

1999/6 议论文

1999/1 其他

1998/6议论文

1998/1议论文

1997/6 解决型议论

文

1997/1 理解型议论

文

1996/6议论文

1996/1议论文

1995/6 其他

由此可见，四级写作大概分为两大类：议论文和应用文。应用文的考察频率越来越低。本课主要讲议论文写作。

(二)议论文的提纲类型

图画议论文提纲：

1-描述图画2-利弊/原因/例子

3-观点/措施建议图表议论文

提纲：

1-描述图表

2-利弊/原因

/例子

3-观点/措施

建议

理解型议论

文提纲：

1- 解释话语

2-利弊/原因

/例子

3-观点总述

解决型议论文提纲：

1-重要必要性

2-措施建议3-观点阐述普通议论文

提纲1：

1-社会现象

2-利弊/原因

3-观点/措施

建议/例子

普通议论文

提纲2：

1-观点A

2-观3

点B

3-个人观点

注意六种议论文之间的共同结构，把握写作主要

框架。

(三)四级写作段落类型

Head

1-描述图画2-描述图表3-现象重要性

4-解释话语5-社会现象Body

1- 利/弊

2-原因

3- 措施建议

Tail

1- 个人观点

2- 措施建议

3- 例子

将议论文视作一条组装线，从Head, Body和Tail 各个部分挑选适合的表述方式。

真题分析：下列各段落分别采用上述哪种段落类型？

2012/6

1. 许多商品都存在过度包装的现象

2. 出现这种现象的原因及其带来的后果

3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为……

2010/6

1- 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写

2- 出现这种情况的原因

3- 为了改变这种状况，我认为…

2008/12

1- 一次性塑料袋的使用

2- 使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题

3- 限制一次性塑料袋的意义

2011/6

1-现在网上购物已成为一种时尚

2-网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题

3-我的建议

2009/6

1- 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？

2- 也会带来一些问题

3- 你的看法？

2008/6

1- 娱乐活动多种多样

2- 娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3- 作为大学生，我的看法。

2007/12

1- 各大学开设了各种各样的选修课

2- 学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课

3- 以你自己为例……

2005/12

1.名校校园正成为旅游新热点

2.校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同

3.我认为……

2006/12

1- 许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会

2- 但有些人提出取消春节晚会．

3- 我的看法．

2003/1

1- 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象

2- 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实

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