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2016新课标三维英语 必修二 unit 4 -S4

2016新课标三维英语   必修二 unit 4 -S4
2016新课标三维英语   必修二 unit 4 -S4

Section_Ⅳ

Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language

[原文呈现][读文清障]

ANIMAL EXTINCTION①

Many animals have disappeared during the long history of the earth. The most famous of these animals are dinosaurs②. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time③. There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of④them used to live in China. The eggs of twenty-five species have been found in Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province. Not long ago a rare new species of bird-like dinosaur was discovered in Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province. When scientists inspected⑤the bones, they were surprised to find⑥that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees⑦. They learned this from the way the bones were joined together⑧.

Dinosaurs died out⑨suddenly about 65 million years ago. Some scientists think it came after an unexpected⑩incident?when a huge

①extinction/Ik'stI?k?n/n.灭绝;消亡

extinct adj.不再存在的;已灭绝的;绝种的

②dinosaur/'daIn?s??/n.恐龙

③come into being形成;产生(相当于come into existence)

long before远远早于……,long用在before前表示两个动作发生的时间相隔久远。

④a number of“许多的;若干的”,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式。

the number of“……的数量”,后接可数名词复数形式,谓语动词用单数形式。

⑤inspect/In'spekt/v t.检查;视察

⑥be surprised to do sth.吃惊地做某事(to do sth.是surprised的原因)

⑦that引导宾语从句,从句中含有并列连词not only ... but also连接的并列谓语,即run与climb。

⑧the bones ...是省略that的定语从句,修饰the way。

⑨die out灭亡;逐渐消失

⑩unexpected/??nIk'spektId/adj.没料到的;意外的

?incident/'InsId?nt/n.事件;事变,指小插曲;事件;冲突

accident指意外事故

?dust/d?st/n.灰尘;尘土;尘埃

rock from space hit the earth and put too much dust?into the air. Others think the earth got too hot for the dinosaurs to live on?any more. Nobody knows for sure?why and how dinosaurs disappeared from the earth in such a short time?.

dusty adj.多灰尘的

?live on继续存在

too hot for the dinosaurs to live on为“too+adj.+for sb./sth. to do sth.”结构,意为“对……来说,太……而不能……”。

?for sure无疑地;确定地(=for certain),在句中作状语。

?why and how共同引导宾语从句,作knows的宾语。

动物灭绝

[第1~2段译文]

从地球有史以来的这段漫长时期,许多动物都消失了。这些动物中最有名的是恐龙。千百万年前,恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多,当时它们的前景好像也很安全。当时有许多不同种类的恐龙,其中有很多种类曾经生活在中国。25个种类的恐龙蛋是在河南省南阳西峡县发现的。不久前,在辽宁省的朝阳县新发现了一种罕见的、形状像鸟一样的恐龙。科学家们观察它们的骨头时,惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑,而且还可以爬树。科学家们是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知这些的。

恐龙大约在6 500万年前突然灭绝了。有些科学家认为恐龙灭绝是发生在一次意外事故之后,当时宇宙间一块巨石击中地球,因而在空气中扬起太多的尘土。另外一些科学家则认为,地球变得太热,因此恐龙无法在地球上生活了。没有人确切地知道恐龙是由于什么原因,又是怎样在这么短的时间里从地球上消失的。

We know many other wild plants, animals, insects and birds have died out more recently. According to?a UN report, some?844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years?. The dodo is one of them. It lived on the Island of Mauritius and was a very friendly animal. Please listen to a story of the dodo and how it disappeared from the earth.

?according to按照;根据……所说,介词短语,后常跟名词或动名词作宾语。

?some ad v.大约,常用于数字前,相当于about。

?in the last 500 years在过去的500年里,用作时间状语,相当于“over/during the past 500 years”,常与现在完成时连用。

[第3段译文]

我们知道,近来许多其他的野生动植物、昆虫和鸟类也灭绝了。根据一份联合国的报告,

在过去的500年里,大约有844种动植物已经消失。渡渡鸟就是其中的一种。它生活在毛里求斯岛上,是一种非常友好的动物。请听一个关于渡渡鸟的故事,看看它是如何从地球上消失的。

Step 1 True (T ) or False (F ).

1.Most animals have died out during the long history of the earth.__F__

2.Dinosaurs are the most famous of the animals that have disappeared.__T__

3.There used to be many different kinds of dinosaurs on the earth.__T__

4.A rare species of bird-like dinosaur could both run and climb trees.__T__

5.Now people know the reason why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared.__F__

Step 2 Read the text and choose the best answers.

1.According to the passage, what can we know about the dinosaurs?

A .Dinosaurs were once the kindest animals on the earth.

B .They lived on the earth together with humans.

C .They died out for some unknown reasons.

D .It was the temperature that caused them to die out.

2.The bird-like dinosaurs were discovered in ________.

A .Xixia County, Nanyang, Henan Province

B .Chaoyang County, Liaoning Province

C .Xixia County, Nanyang, Liaoning Province

D .Chaoyang County, Henan Province

3.How did scientists know that the bird-like dinosaurs could run as well as climb trees?

A .By studying their eggs.

B .By studying their teeth.

C .By studying their bones.

D .By guessing only.

答案:1~3 CBC

一、这样记单词 记得准·写得对

记得快·记得多 Ⅰ.基础词汇

1.incident n . 事件;事变 1.bite 的过去式和过去分词分别为:bit; bit/bitten 即把字母e 去掉,常见还有:

二、这样记短语

三、这样记句式

1.(教材P29)What should you do if you are being bitten by mosquitoes? 如果你正在被蚊子叮咬,你应该做什么?

bite (bit; bitten)v.咬;叮;刺痛

“咬某人的某部位”表示为“bite+人+介词in/on+the+部位”。

①The fierce shark bit him in the leg.

这条凶猛的鲨鱼咬了他的腿。

②Bitten (bite) twice, my friend dare not go to my home.

被咬过两次,我的朋友不敢去我家了。

③As the old saying goes, “Once bitten (bite), twice shy.”

常言道,“一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳。”

[名师点津] hit sb. in the face 打某人的脸, pat sb. on the head 拍某人的头, pat sb. on the shoulder 拍某人的肩膀。 2.(教材P30)They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.

千百万年前,恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多,当时它们的前景好像也很安全。 come into being 形成;产生

①No one knows for sure when such a custom came into being .

没有人确切知道这种风俗是什么时候形成的。

②The People's Republic of China came_into_being on October 1,1949.

中华人民共和国成立于1949年10月1日。

[名师点津] come into being 无被动语态,也不能用于进行时态。 3.(教材P30)When scientists inspected the bones, they were surprised to find that these dinosaurs could not only run like the others but also climb trees.

科学家们观察它们的骨头时,惊奇地发现这些恐龙不仅跟其他恐龙一样可以跑,而且还可以爬树。

inspect vt.检查;视察

在买车之前,你应该仔细检查一番。

②It is said that an inspector will come to inspect our school, and he will judge our school according to his inspection.(inspect)

据说一位检查员将来视察我们学校,并根据他的视察情况来评判我们学校。

[巧学助记]

[词根] spect(=look)→[生词] ?????

inspect[in-(=in )+spect ; look into]检查respect[re-(=again )+spect ;再看一次]重视;尊敬 4.(教材P30)According to a UN report, some 844 animals and plants have disappeared in the last 500 years.

根据一份联合国的报告,在过去的500年里,大约有844种动植物已经消失。

according to 按照;根据……所说

①According to the latest survey, many animals have nearly died out. 根据最新的调查,许多动物濒临灭绝。 ②He says that everything is going according_to_the_plan. 他说一切都在按计划进行。

③They are paid according_to how long they are employed.

他们的工资随雇用时间而定。

[名师点津] according to 用来引用出自他人或他处的消息,不能与me, my opinion 或my point of view 等连用。

homeland.

许多运动员参加奥运会为的就是能为祖国赢得荣誉。

②I gave you a map so_that you wouldn't get lost!

为了你不会迷路,我给过你一张地图!

③It hadn't rained for a few months, so_that the crops were dried.

好几个月没有下雨了,以至于庄稼都干死了。

1.After a while she saw some zebra with black and white lines going beneath

their stomachs.

过了一会儿她看到了一些斑马,它们身上有一直延伸到腹部的黑白相间的条纹。

with black and white lines going 为“with +n .+doing ”复合结构。with 复合结构如下:

with +n ./pron .+宾补????? 现在分词(表示主动意义,强调动作正在进行)形容词/副词/介词短语(表示状态)过去分词(表示被动意义,强调动作的完成)不定式(表示尚未发生的动作)

①She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides .

她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。

②With the boy leading (lead) the way, we had no difficulty in finding his home.

有这个男孩带路,我们找到他家没有困难。

③With the key lost (lose), he had to wait outside the door.

由于钥匙丢了,他只好在门外等。

④With so much work to_do (do), I have no time for a holiday.

有那么多工作要做,我没有时间去度假。

2.They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.

千百万年前,恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多,当时它们的前景好像也很安全。

(1)句中long before意为“早在……之前;很早;很久以前”,该短语后可以接句子、名词、代词,也可以单独使用,在句中作状语。

①I knew Betty long before you got married to her.

早在你和贝蒂结婚之前,我就认识她了。

[名师点津]before long不久之后,可指将来和过去,在句中作状语,但不可以引导从句。

②He had taught in this school long_before the war broke out, but before_long he had to leave the school.

在战争爆发之前,他早就在这个学校教书了,但不久他不得不离开学校。

(2)It is/was not long before ...不久就……

③It_was_not_long_before he came to help me.

不久他就来帮助我了。

(3)It will be long before ...要过很久才……

④It will be long before we arrive.

还要很久我们才能到达。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.According to our biology teacher, some people long to earn money by hunting wild animals.

2.With a lot of difficult problems to_settle (settle), the manager felt worried all the time.

3.John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.

4.One of my shoes is_being_bitten (bite) by my little dog now.

5.It is a rule that our luggage should be_inspected (inspect) by customs officers.

Ⅱ.补全句子

1.We are not sure when the universe came_into_being.

我们不确定宇宙是何时形成的。

2.According_to_the_teacher,_he fell far behind other students as a result of laziness.

据老师说,他很懒,所以他远远落后于其他同学。

3.Why don't you start out early so_that_you_don't_have_to_hurry?

你为什么不早点出发以便你不用这么匆忙呢?

4.John received an invitation to dinner, and with_his_work_finished,_he gladly accepted it. 约翰收到了晚宴的邀请,由于完成了工作,他高兴地接受了。

5.It_wasn't_long_before we worked out the plan.

没过多久我们就把计划制订出来了。

一、全练语言点,基稳才能楼高

[本课语言点针对练习]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1.A cloud of dust (灰尘) rose in the air as the car ran past.

2.He faithfully (忠诚地) lived up to his promise.

3.People say that barking dogs don't bite (咬).

4.He told me some of the funny incidents (事件) that happened during his journey to Europe. 5.I don't feel secure (安全的) when I am alone in the house.

6.The story has a surprising ending (结尾).

7.That little boy was frightened by that fierce (凶猛的) dog.

8.It's difficult to raise a family on a small income (收入).

Ⅱ.选词填空

for sure,long before,come into being,according to,so that

1.According_to the old story, he was the founder of Rome.

2.A new rule about smoking in public will come_into_being next month.

3.We'd like to arrive 30 minutes early so_that we can have time for a good rest.

4.He got ill long_before you came here.

5.I think he lives there but I can't say for_sure.

[本单元语言点温故练习]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.No matter how powerful (power) the enemy seems, we must fight against them to the end.

2.She must be feeling very lonely after the loss (lose) of her husband.

3.Do you think that work without rest will do harm to your health?

4.I would appreciate it if you could help me with my English.

5.I think that a good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending (end).

6.He told me not to_inspect (inspect) the machine without turning off the power.

7.It is of great importance (important) that you arrive on time.

8.A doctor's task is to work for the relief (relieve) of patient's suffering.

9.Their sudden marriage is an unexpected (expect) incident to everyone.

10.After supper, I suggested going (go) for a walk.

Ⅱ.选词填空

You have several ways to respond_to this difficult question.

2.The Smiths were living_in_peace with the neighbours.

3.You are in_danger_of catching a cold if you don't take care of yourself.

4.That style of music died_out ten years ago.

5.He smiled in_relief after he heard the news that he had passed the exam.

6.Please pay_attention_to the difference between the two words.

7.Fill up the form according_to the instructions.

8.I will give you all the facts so_that you can judge for yourself.

9.Upon hearing the funny story, everybody burst_into_laughter.

10.Trees should be_protected_from the cold during winter.

Ⅲ.翻译句子

1.世界上很多的物种正处于灭绝的危险中。

A_lot_of_species_in_the_world_are_in_danger_of_dying_out./A_great_many_species_in_th e_world_are_at_the_edge_of_extinction.

2.看到那个滑稽的帽子,孩子们突然笑起来。

Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_children_suddenly_laughed./Seeing_the_funny_cap,_the_childr en_burst_out_laughing/burst_into_laughter.

3.应该采取一些措施保护这条河不受污染。

Some_measures_should_be_taken_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted./Some_steps_ should_be_taken_to_protect_the_river_from_being_polluted./Something_should_be_done_to_pro tect_the_river_from_being_polluted.

4.我们需要特别注意孩子们的精神健康。

We_need_to_pay_special_attention_to_children's_mental_health.

5.我们应该保护环境,以便我们的下一代会健康。

We_should_protect_the_environment_so_that_our_next_generation_will_be_healthy.

Ⅳ.多维演练

1.appreciate

(1)写出下列句中appreciate的含义

①His talents are greatly appreciated by the boss.欣赏

②I would appreciate it if you could turn the radio down.感激

③We didn't appreciate that he was badly ill.意识到

(2)单句语法填空

①I would appreciate it if you could have a talk with me face to face.

②I appreciate being_elected (elect) monitor of our class.

③Please accept this gift in appreciation (appreciate) of all you've done for us.

(3)补全句子

如果你能给我一些关于如何解决这些问题的建议,我将不胜感激。(山东高考写作) I_would_appreciate_it_if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.

2.succeed

(1)单句语法填空

①Finally, I wish this year's English speech competition a great success.

②Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that hard work was the key to success (succeed).

③As far as I know, John succeeded Tom as chairman of the students' union.

④I am looking forward to a long and successful (success) partnership with him.

(2)补全句子

只要我们有追随梦想的热情,最终我们一定能成功。(2014·福建高考书面表达)

As long as we have the enthusiasm to follow our dream, we are_sure_to_succeed_at_last.

二、勤练高考题型,多练自能生巧

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Laughter Yoga (大笑瑜伽) is one form of yoga. Madan Kataria, a doctor in Mumbai, India invented it. He believed that people had forgotten how to really laugh. Through his research he made an interesting discovery. The human mind does not know the difference between forced laughter and real laughter. Forced laughter can also lead to a feeling of happiness.

And then Kataria had the idea for a group of people who would laugh together. He gathered (聚集) a few of his friends together. They met in a public park in Mumbai. That small group grew and grew! And this is how people began to do Laughter Yoga. People doing Laughter Yoga usually meet together in a Laughter Club. Kataria's friends formed the first Laughter Club in 1995.

Today, there're over 5,000 Laughter Clubs in 53 countries. But what exactly do people do in a Laughter Club? People in Laughter Yoga meetings usually do a series of exercises. The exercises include body movement, correct breathing, and of course, laughter! At the beginning of the meeting, people may have to force themselves to laugh. But by the end, everyone is usually laughing in a real way! Each meeting is a little different. But there are common exercises groups may do.

Experts say that the exercises help blood move around the body faster. They also say that Laughter Yoga helps people deal with the bad things in their lives. They say that a person may go into a Laughter Club meeting feeling sad, angry, or worried. But then, people act happy. After a time, forced laughter becomes real laughter. This is one reason why people may enjoy Laughter Yoga so much!

语篇解读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了大笑瑜伽的起源及其好处。

1.What did Kataria find out about laughter?

A.People are often forced to laugh.

B.Forced laughter works as well as real laughter.

C.Forced laughter is more interesting than real laughter.

D.People refuse to use forced laughter to cheer them up.

解析:选B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The human mind ... feeling of happiness.”可知,Kataria发现强制性的笑和发自肺腑的笑一样都可以使人感到愉悦。

2.Before 1995, people did Laughter Yoga ________.

A.to make friends B.in a public park

C.in a Laughter Club D.to laugh at each other

解析:选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They met in a public park in Mumbai”以及接下来描述“第一个大笑瑜伽俱乐部成立于1995年,到那时人们才开始在俱乐部练大笑瑜伽”可知,在1995年之前,人们是在公园练习大笑瑜伽的。

3.Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.

A.the rapid development of Laughter Clubs

B.the importance of laughter in Laughter Yoga

C.common exercises people do in a Laughter Club

D.different feelings at the beginning and end of the meetings

解析:选C段落大意题。第三段的主题句为“what exactly do people do in a Laughter Club”,再根据该段具体描述人们在大笑俱乐部进行的活动可知,C项符合题意。

4.According to experts, ________.

A.anyone can join in a Laughter Club

B.laughter is a very good form of exercise

C.Laughter Yoga makes blood move slowly

D.it takes a long time for people to be free of bad feelings

解析:选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中专家所说的“the exercises help blood move around the body faster”以及“helps people deal with the bad things in their lives”可推测,他们认为大笑是一种很好的锻炼形式。

Ⅱ.语法填空

The surprise party is very popular in America. Most people in America think __1__ is very exciting to have surprise parties for their good friends or family members. It is quite easy __2__ (plan) a surprise party when one's birthday is coming. Do you want to know __3__ a surprise party is like? Look at the following example. It's night. Bob's wife asks him to go downstairs to the kitchen and bring her __4__ glass of milk. Bob walks to the kitchen and pushes the door open.There's no sound __5__ light there. Suddenly he hears a strange sound and then sees a bear __6__ (stand) in front of him! Bob is very scared and falls backwards. The bear takes off his costume. It's Bob's friend Charles! There __7__ (be) also several people behind Charles, including his wife. All of them say to Bob, “Surprise!!Whoo!!” Bob is __8__ (puzzle), and he does not know what it is until his friends say “happy birthday” to him.

In fact, the surprise party has many kinds of __9__ (form). A successful surprise party always makes people feel surprised and excited. Everyone enjoys __10__ (they) at the party.

语篇解读:本文主要介绍了在美国流行的“惊喜派对”。

1.it此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。

2.to plan It is easy to do sth. “做某事是容易的”,是固定句型。

3.what引导宾语从句,在从句中作like的宾语,表示“什么样子”,故用what。

4.a泛指“一杯牛奶”,用不定冠词a。

5.or所用词连接两个并列成分,在否定句中用or。

6.standing see ... doing sth.“看见……正在做某事”,故用动词的现在分词形式。

7.are此处应与全文时态一致,用一般现在时;谓语动词的数与主语several people 一致,故用are。

8.puzzled作表语,说明人的感受,用动词puzzle的形容词形式。

9.forms此处form是可数名词,前有many kinds of修饰,用复数。

10.themselves enjoy oneself“玩得痛快”,是固定短语。

人教英语必修二-unit4词汇练习

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