人教版高中英语选修八 Unit1 A land of diversity-词汇篇(学生版)

第1讲A land of diversity 词汇篇

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1.熟练掌握重点单词及其用法；

能够熟练运用重点短语和句型。

一. 重点词汇

1. distinction n.差别；区分；卓著

常用结构：

make a distinction between 对……加以区分

win a distinction for 因……而获功勋

without distinction 无差别地；一视同仁地

拓展:

distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的

be distinct in ...from ... 在某方面与……不同

He has a distinct gift for drawing.他有很明显的绘画天赋。

You should make your writing distinct. 你应该把字写清楚。

2. means n. 手段；方法（单数和复数形式相同）

常用结构：

by means of 用……办法；借助……

by all means 一定，务必；好的，当然可以

by no means 决不，一点也不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装）

by every means 用尽一切可能的办法

易混辨析

means/way/method

means指“方法、方式、工具”，着重于具体的手段（单复数形式相同）。

way指“一般的方法、方式或个人的特殊方法、方式”，与技巧或效果的好坏无关。

method指“有系统的、有效率的精心拟定的方法”，也可以指抽象概念“条理”。

a way to do sth.／a way of doing sth./a method of doing sth. 做……的方法

in this way/with the method/by this means 用这种／些方法

by the way 顺便问一下

on one’ s way to ... 在去……的路上

in the way 挡住路

注意:

means作主语且有every，each等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等词

修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

Radio and television are important means of communication. 无线电和电视是重要的通信手段。Please find an alternative means of transport. 请另外找一种运输方式。

Every means has been tried. 每种方法都试过了。

All means have been tried. 所有方法都试过了。

She could not speak，but made her wishes known by means of signs.她不会说话，但她用手势表达了她的愿望。

3. majority n. 大多数；大半

A/The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health. 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。

The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。

常用结构：

be in the/a majority 构成大部分/大多数

a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数

拓展:

major adj.&n. 较大的；主要的；主修，专攻

minority adj.&n.少数；少数民族；未成年

4. occur vi.发生；存在；出现

常用结构:

occur to (主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到

it occurs to sb. to do sth. 使某人想到做某事

it occurs to sb. that ... 某人想到……

Just then an idea occurred to me. 就在那时我想起了一个主意。

It suddenly occurred to me that I had left my umbrella upstairs.我突然想到我把伞忘在楼上了。

易混辨析

happen/occur/take place

happen是一般用语，尤其指偶然发生，表示“碰巧、恰好”的意思。

occur 文言意味较浓，常指某特定事物的发生，也可以表示某种想法出现在人的头脑中。

take place 指事先计划或预料到的“发生”，此外还有“举行”的意思。

New things are happening all around us. 新事物在我们周围不断发生。

The explosion occurred at 5:30 a.m. 爆炸发生在早上5点30分。

When will the basketball game take place? 篮球赛何时举行？

5. Indicate vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示

I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite. 我问他我姐姐在哪，他指了指对面的商店。

Research indicates that men find it easier to give up smoking than women. 研究显示男人比女人更容易

常用结构：

indicate sth. (to sb.) 向（某人）表示某事；把……指给（某人）看

indicate that ...表示……；示意……

拓展:

indication n. 指出；表明

indicative adj. 指示的；暗示的

二. 重点词组

6. live on 继续存在；继续生存

She lived on for many years after her husband died. 丈夫死后她继续活了许多年。

拓展:

live on sth. 以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活

live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生

live for sth. 以某事物为生活目标

live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存

live up to sth. 依照某事物行事；表现出符合某事物的标准

live with sth. 接受或容忍某现象

live to be... = live to the age of... 活到……岁

live a... life 过着……的生活

7. team up with（与某人）一起工作（尤指为共同目标）；与……合作

The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car.那两个公司已合作研制新型赛车。

8. mark out 划线；标出……的界线

They marked out the tennis court with white paint. 他们用白漆标出了网球场的界线。

Some of the best pupils have been marked out for special training. 已经选出几名出色的学生进行专门训练。

拓展:

mark sb. out for sth. 选出/选定某人做某事

mark down 写下，记下；降低……的价格

mark up 标出；提高……的价格

mark in 加画；绘入

mark out for 看中；选定

Just a moment. Let me mark down your name and address. 等一下，让我把你的姓名和地址记下来。Some shops marked up the goods unfairly. 有几家商店的货价提高得不合理。

He marked the book down to 49 cents. 他把书的标价降为49分。

9. take in 包括；吸收；接纳；欺骗

The students find it easy to take in what you teach. 学生们发现你讲课很容易理解。

He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方可以睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。

take apart 拆开；剖析，抨击(论点等)

take down 拿下，取下；拆卸；记下

take back 取回，带回；收回说过的话；使……回忆起昔日

take care of 照料；保管

take up 开始从事；占用(时间或空间)；着手处理

take it easy 别紧张，慢慢来

take over 继承；接收，接管

take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞

take on 承担，从事；呈现

take one’s place 入座；代替某人的位置

take one’ s time 不急，慢慢干

三. 重点句子

10. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.

最早一批人具体是在什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的，谁也说不清楚。

what we now know as California是一个由what引导的名词性从句，作arrive in的宾语，what是复合关系代词，相当于the thing(s) that。因此，在名词性从句中可以用the thing(s) that取代的，只能用what。拓展:

①名词性从句中what与that的区别：that在名词性从句中不作句子成分，what必须作句子成分。

②名词性从句中what与which的区别：指代前文已经提到过的对象或范围时，用which，否则用what。What he said sounds reasonable.

他说的听起来有道理。(what作said的宾语)

That our team has won the game has been proved. 已经证实我们队赢得了比赛。(that在主语从句中不作句子成分)

There are many books available. I don t know which to read. 有许多书可供阅读，但我不知道读哪一本。(which指的是前文提到的books中的一本)

What book do you want to buy? 你想买哪种书？(没有提及买什么书或哪一类书)

1. (2019北京高考) There are still many problems ______ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon .

A. solving

B. solved

C. being solved

D. to be solved

2. (2019湖南高考) As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived World WarⅡhad a different experience.

3.(2019安徽高考)---I get at least half an hour of exercise almost everyday.

---Oh great! .

A. Good luck

B. Cheer up

C. Same to you

D. Keep it up

4.(2019陕西高考)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month .

5. (2019山东潍坊高二下)Now a lot of new technologies can be applied to (solve) problems in industry.

基础演练

一. 用take的相关短语填空。

①Don’ t be by his promises.

②Who do you think will now that the governor has been dismissed?

③These boxes of yours are too much space.

④I was really when seeing old photos.

⑤Dear ladies and gentlemen，please now .The opera is soon to begin.

⑥Tom carefully what the teacher said.

巩固提高

二. 单项填空

1. —May I have a look at your book?

A. By this means

B. By all means

C. By this way

D. By any means

2. It suddenly to the detective that the millionaire was probably murdered by his own daughter.

A. Happened

B. occurred

C. thought

D. took place

三. 用live的相关短语填空。

①The lonely old man charity.

②Mozart was dead but his music .

③My grandfather both world wars.

④We should work hard and try to our parents’ expectations.

⑤The brave girl is learning to her disability.

一. 单词拼写:

1.The Taiwan ______(海峡) separates Taiwan Island from the mainland.

2.It was becoming _________（明显的）to me that she didn’t like me.

3.She has six pieces of __________（行李）.

4.I was one of the __________ （申请人）for the job.

5.Statistics________（表明）that the environmental pollution has become more and more serious.

6.What __________（百分比）of the students in our school were admitted to college?

7.Air is a m_________混合物）of gases.

8. Our team has five head of _________（牛）.

9.I was in half the way when it suddenly ________(想到) to me that I had left my notebook home.

10.__________(显然)，he was mistaken about by the others.

二. 翻译句子

1. A good idea _____________ all at once. 我突然想到了一个好主意。

3.___________ will we fail. 用任何方式我们也不会失败。

4. My mother__________ by the businessman's offers and stupidly gave him most of her money. 我妈妈因为一个商人提供的条件而受骗了，愚蠢地把她大部分钱给他了。

5. He likes to sleep_____________. 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。

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一.单项选择

1. —Shall I give you a ride as you live so far?

A. It couldn’t be better

B. Of course you can

C. If you like

D. It’s up to you

2. You fool! How can you let such a chance through your fingers.

A. Ski

B. Spread

C. Slip

D. glide

3. People have views on the policy published recently，because not everybody is in favour of it in the survey.

A. Excited

B. Surprised

C. Frightened

D. mixed

4. Every possible means to help the poor people in Africa.

A. have tried

B. have been tried

C. has tried

D. has been tried

5. He can hardly his wife’s bad-temper，so he decided to seek divorce with her.

A. teamed up with

B. caught up with

C. put up with

D. kept up with

6. Peter is no longer a lazy boy he used to be.

A. What

B. Whom

C. When

D. how

7. Human beings are different from animals they can use language as a tool to communicate.

A. in that

B. for that

C. in which

D. for which

8. The window in my room shut. So I have to get it repaired.

A. doesn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. won’t

D. couldn’t

9. —Shirley，can I have a look at your photos?

— .Here you are.

A. By any means

B. By no means

C. By this means

D. By all means

10. is no possibility he can finish the task within two days.

A. There；that

B. It ；that

C. There；whether

D. It；whether

二. 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。With the number of college graduates climbing to a record high this year—some 2.12 million are entering the job market，an increase of 670，000，or 46.2 percent，over last year，many people are asking if China's first “McDonald's generation"，born in the early 1980s，can stand the intense competition

younger generation.

“Do not worry. We'll get whatever we want"，they tell each other to ease their own anxiety.

Born in the early days of the country's reform and opening to the outside world，growing up in the market economy，the youngsters，familiar with McDonald's and Mickey Mouse，love to eat hamburgers，and wear foreign brand jeans and T-shirts and worship Bill Gates. Compared with their parents，they enjoy more freedom in looking for a job—and with that freedom coming burdens.

These college graduates are seen scouring recruitment information in newspapers and journals，the Internet and job markets nationwide.

Shortly after hotel management major，Hao Wenhua，a young woman from Chongqing in Southwest China，failed the recruitment test of a five star hotel in Guilin，South China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. She appeared at a job market in Nanning，approximately 300 kilometers from Guilin，looking rather tired.

Many businesses and companies say that they would take on experienced staff rather than the new graduates who are short of the experience of how to succeed in today's fast paced society.

45. Which of the following groups of people belongs to China's first McDonald's generation?

A. People who were born in the early days of China's reform and opening to the outside world.

B. People who like to eat hamburgers and wear foreign brand clothes.

C. People who admire Bill Gates.

D. People who lack the experience of how to succeed in today's fast changing world.

46.What can we infer from the story of Hao Wenhua in the passage? We can infer______ .

A. that there are many chances to find jobs in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

B. that hotel management is not a good major in college

C. that there is intense competition in the job market

D. that many businesses and companies don't like new college graduates

47.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Fierce Competition in the Job Market.

B. McDonald's Generation Has Grown up.

C. McDonald's Generation Faces Job Hunting.

D. The Number of College Graduates Climbs to the Highest Point.

三. 书面表达

假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括：

部分同学的饮食习惯良好的饮食习惯个人看法

不吃早餐爱吃零食偏食饮食过量饮食多样化

饮食定时定量

重要性：有助于

身体健康……

注意：1．发言稿必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；

2．发言稿开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；

3．词数：100左右。

4．参考词汇：偏食be particular about food 零食snack

Dear friends，

As we all know，we are what we eat. Therefore，it's very important for us to form healthy eating habits. That's all. Thank you!

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