区域经济发展分析外文文献翻译最新译文

文献出处：Fattah S, Rahman A. Analysis of Regional Economic Development in the Regency/Municipality at South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia [J]. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2013, 4(1): 1-9.

原文

Analysis of Regional Economic Development in the Regency/Municipality at South Sulawesi Province In Indonesia

Sanusi Fattah Abdul Rahman

Abstract

This study aims to determine the characteristics of the regional economy in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Second, the research is also strived to identify economic sectors that could potentially be developed as a leading economic at each district/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Third, future study is aim to determine the economic regional development using Klassen Typology Analysis, Location Quotient Analysis, and Krugman Regional Index. The result of this research shows that from 23 regency/municipality in South Sulawesi Province, only Luwu Timur, Makassar, and Pare-Pare that belong to the classification of high growth and high-income regions. Luwu and Palopo belong to high income but low growth region. Pangkep and Pinrang could be classified as high growth but low-income region, whereas other regency/municipality as low growth and low-income regions. Next, the location quotient analysis shows that each regency/municipality has different superior/main economic sector. Finally, the result of regional specialization analysis shows that inter-regonal specialization has economic dependability, although the dependability in some part of the regency/municipality is still weak as shown by the increasing diversification of economic sector.

Keywords: Indonesia regional development, Klassen typology, Location quotient, Krugman regional index, Superior sector, Regional specialization

1. Introduction

Regional development should be tailored at best to the priorities and potential of each area in the region. Moreover, each local government should also strive for a more balanced development within their respective regions. The fact that each region has different natural resources, human resources, and conditions implies different development step in the said area. The difference of the economic potential between regions that can develop quickly with less developed regions could be related to the various limitations in the region. These have led to the importance in the role of central government as regulator of national development policies in order to made balanced and synchronized development within the local region (Tjiptoherijanto, 1995).

Moreover, economic growth that occurring in each region could also different or varied from each other. This have made some region could be known as a fast growing region, slow-growing region, whereas other region have a stagnant growth. Variations in growth rates between regions also influenced by many factors, including the number and capacity of the population, potential natural resource, availability of infrastructure development and construction of facilities, differences in the characteristics of the region, development ability of a region, development easiness, and others (Adisasmita, 2009) .

In regional development, both local government and communities strive to manage local resources hand-in-hand by forming a partnership between local government and the private sector to create a new jobs and stimulate the development of economic activities (economic growth) in the region (Arsyad, 2005). According to Siregar (2004), the resources within a region could be divided into three main aspects. First, the natural resources in the form of natural resources that are needed to meet human needs. Second, the human resources that contained within humans such as the potentiality of mind, art, skill and so on that can be used to meet the needs for himself or others or society in general. Third, the infrastructure in the form of man-made and can be used to support human living and to utilize the natural resources and human resources to the maximum, both for the present time and could be sustained to the

future.

In relation to regional development, South Sulawesi has established two basic policies toward economic development. First, industry development in order to increase efficiency, productivity and competitiveness is conducted in the form of skills-intensive patterns with high benefit, rather than labor-intensive patterns of production and natural resources. Second, the development of the agricultural sector aimed at improving the efficiency and productivity of the land using appropriate technology.

When one viewed the economic growth in South Sulawesi per sector, we could conclude that it have been supported by growth in agriculture, trade, hotels, transport and communication. Thus, it could be state that South Sulawesi still rely on agriculture as an economic sector that has good potential to support economic growth in South Sulawesi. Moreover, geographically, South Sulawesi has some ability and strategic conditions that made the region vulnerable to the impact of globalization and thus there is a need to cope with this impact. In connection with this, there is a need to improve and adjusted the sector policies, so that South Sulawesi’s economic structure were able to compete in the global era, besides dealing with regional autonomy and decentralization.

This study therefore aims to determine the characteristics of the regional economy in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Second, the research is also strived to identify economic sectors that could potentially be developed as a leading economic at each district/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Third, future study is aim to determine the inter-regional specialization using Klassen Typology Analysis, Location Quotient Analysis, and Krugman Regional Index.

2. Theoretical Framework: Regional Economic Development Concept

Regional development could be thought of as an integral part of any national development effort. Arsyad (2005) states that regional economic development as a process to manage regional resource by local government and communities. Furthermore, Arsyad (2005) suggested the formation of a partnership between local

government and the private sector to create a new jobs and stimulate the development of economic activities (economic growth) in the region as part of the process in regional economic development.

The main problem in regional development is located in its emphasis on development policies based on the uniqueness of the region concerned (endogenous development) by using the potential of human resources, institutional, and physical resources that exist locally. This orientation leads to the creation of initiatives from the region itself in the development process to create new employment opportunities and stimulate economic development.

Radianto (2003) have suggested that one aspect of regional development is economic development that aims to promote economic growth and structural change. Changes in economic structure may be a shift from agricultural to non-agricultural activities, from industry to services, changes in the scale of production units, as well as changes in labor status. Therefore, the concept of regional development is appropriate when supported by economic growth theory, economic base model and theory, the center of growth concept, and specialization theory.

A change in economic structure or structural transformation is characterized by the existence of percentage contribution adjustment of various sectors in the economic development, which is due to the intensity of human activity and technological change (Kuznets in Sukirno, 1985). In conjunction with this, the Shift Share Analysis is a very useful technique in analyzing changes in economic structure.

Meanwhile, the core of the economic base model explains that the direction and growth of a region is determined by the region's exports. According to the model, export is not restricted only to goods and services, but also come from foreigner’s spending within the region in respect with immovable goods (Budiharsono, 2001). Economic base theory classifies all economic activity into two sectors namely the base sectors and non-base sectors. Base sector is the sector that serves markets in the region itself and outside the region. Whereas, non-base sector is the sector that only serves markets in the respective region.

In relation with the center of growth concept, it was acknowledged that Perroux

thinking on the concentration of industrial activities in certain areas that drive economic growth, and then evolved into the concept of growth centers. According to this concept, there are four main characteristics of a growth center. First, the groups of economic activities are concentrated in a particular location. Second, these concentrations of economic activity are then capable of boosting dynamic economic growth in the economy. Third, there are strong input and output connections among economic activities in the respective growth center. Fourth, in the said economic activities group, there is a parent industry that encourages the development of economic activities in the center of this growth (Richardson in Sjafrizal, 2008).

In connection with an effort to accelerate regional development, thus the economic linkages between regions are also important, especially if this associated with the concept of specialization. The existence of commodity specialization in accordance with each respective sector/sub-sector would allow concentration of sector activity in each region. This is supported by Samuelson and Nordhaus (1995), which states that the public can be more effective and efficient if there is a division of labor that divides the entire production process into specialized units.

Economic specialization enables the formation of trade networks between individuals and among nations. This is a hallmark of any advanced economy. The existence of economic linkage (or specialization) between regions that drive the exchange process to suit the needs of each region would allow regional economy to move simultaneously towards economic growth process.

3. Results

3.1 Klassen Typology Analyses

Klassen Typology Analysis is used to determine the difference in the characteristics of the area in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi in the review of their respective growth rate and income. According to Klassen Typology, the observed region could be divided into four classifications, namely high growth and high income region, high income but low growth region, high growth but low income regions, and low growth and low income region (Radianto, 2003; Kuncoro, 2006 ; Syafrizal, 2008).

Therefore, for the purpose of our research, we have classified the regions based on these four classifications. First, the high growth and high-income regions are areas that have high levels of economic growth and income that is higher than the province of South Sulawesi. Second, high income but low growth region is an area that has a higher incomes, but lower economic growth rate than the province of South Sulawesi. Third, high growth but low-income region is an area that has a higher rate of economic growth, but lower income than the South Sulawesi Province. Fourth, low growth and low-income regions are areas that have levels of economic growth and income that is lower than the South Sulawesi Province.

译文

印度尼西亚南苏拉威西省区/直辖市

区域经济发展分析

塞努西·法塔赫；阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼

部门经济学，经济学院，哈沙努汀大学

摘要

本研究首先旨在确定每个南苏拉威西省区/直辖市的区域经济特点。其次, 本研究也致力于探索作为领先经济的每个南苏拉威西省区/直辖市的经济部门。再次,未来研究的目标是使用克拉森类型学分析、区位经济分析和克鲁格曼区域指数，来确定该区域的专业化水平。这项研究的结果表明, 苏拉威西省的23个区/直辖市中,只有陆武东区、孟加锡和帕雷帕雷港属于高经济增长水平和高收入水平地区。陆武和帕洛波则属于高收入水平但低经济增长水平地区。邦给和平壤可以归类为高经济增长水平但低收入发展水平的地区,而其他区/直辖市属于低经济增长水平和低收入发展水平的地区。接下来,区位分析表明,每个区/直辖市都有不同的上级/主要经济部门。最后,地区专业化的结果分析表明,内部地区专门化具有经济可靠性特点,尽管部分区/直辖市的可靠性仍然疲弱，但作为经济部门，其表现越来越多样化。

关键词:印度尼西亚区域经济发展,克拉森类型学,区位商,克鲁格曼区域指数,上

级部门，区域专业化

1引言

区域经济的发展应根据该地区每个领域的优势和潜力因地适宜的进行。此外,各地方政府也应该在各自的区域内谋求更加平衡的发展。事实上,每个地区都有各自不同的自然资源、人力资源和条件，不过，这也意味着每个地区都有不同的发展步伐，各地差异也比较大。地区之间的经济潜力发展不均衡,欠发达地区的发展可能受到该地区中各种阴影响因素的限制。此外，各个地区之间的经济联系也是很重要的,尤其是涉及到一些专业化的部门的时候，更需要各方的合作发展。这些都表明，为了使得局部区域内部能够协调同步发展，中央政府作为监管角色的重要性就愈加凸显。(蒂基普瑞贾德,1995)。

此外, 每个地区经济增长水平的过程也可能具有多样化的特征。一些地区可能被称为一个快速发展的地区,另外的一些被称为发展缓慢的地区,而其他地区的发展停滞。地区之间经济增长水平率的变化也受到很多因素的影响,包括人口的数量和能力、潜在的自然资源、可用性的基础设施建设、地区的差异特征、地区的开发能力、发展环境和其他(阿迪萨米塔,2009)。

在区域发展中,地方政府和社区共同致力于管理好本地的各类资源,通过建立一个地方政府和私营部门之间的合作伙伴关系，以此来创建新的就业机会并刺激该地区的活力，促进经济活动的发展(经济增长水平) (艾斯德,2005)。根据西里卡(2004)的观点,一个区域的资源可分为三个主要方面。首先,自然资源以天然资源的形式存在，主要是为了能满足人类的需求。第二,则是人力资源，它包含在人类潜能、智力、艺术和技能等等,可以用来满足自己、他人或社会的需要。第三,人造形式的基础设施,可以用于支持人类生活，并能通过其有效使用使自然资源和人力资源在当前和未来都得到最大化的持续开发。

关于区域发展，南苏拉威西岛建立了两种基本的经济发展政策。首先,为了提高效率、生产力和竞争力的产业发展,是以一种技术密集型模式存在的,而不是生产和自然资源的劳动密集型模式。第二,农业部门的发展,旨在提高效率和生产力，并使用适当的技术提高土地肥力。(完整译文请到百度文库) 考察苏拉威西岛南部每个部门的经济增长水平,我们可以得出这样的结论,

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毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学院：专 2011年6月 电子与计算机科学技术软件工程

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外文文献及翻译 题目：利用固定化过氧化氢酶 回收纺织品漂染的废水 专业食品科学与工程 学生姓名梁金龙 班级B食品072 学号0710308119 指导教师郑清

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