2012年6月大学英语四级CET4真题及参考答案解析

2012年6月大学英语四级CET4真题

Part Ⅰ Writing (30minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象

2.出现这一现象的原因

3.我对这一现象的看法和建议

On Excessive Packaging

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Small Schools Rising

This year?s list of the top 100 high schools shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing.

Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SAT scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress.

Size isn?t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New York, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, Va. And most noticeable of all, there is the phenomenon of large urban and suburban high schools that have split up into smaller units of a few hundred, generally housed in the same grounds that once boasted thousands of students all marching to the same band.

Hillsdale High School in San Mateo, Calif, is one of those, ranking No.423—among the top 2% in the country—on Newsweek?s annual ranking of America?s top high s chools. The success of small schools is apparent in the listings. Ten years ago, when the first Newsweek list based on college-level test participation was published, only three of the top 100 schools had graduating Classes smaller than 100 students. This year there are 22. Nearly 250 schools on the full ,Newsweek list of the top 5% of schools nationally had fewer than 200 graduates in 2007.

Although many of Hillsdale?s students came from wealthy households, by the late 1990 average test scores were sliding and it had earned the unaffectionate nickname (绰号) “Hillsjail. ” Jeff Gilbert. A Hillsdale teacher who became principal last year, remembers sitting with other teachers watching students file out of a graduation ceremony and asking one another in astoni shment, “How did that student graduate?”

So in 2003 Hillsdale remade itself into three “houses,” romantically named Florence, Marrakech and Kyoto. Each of the 300 arriving ninth graders are randomly(随机地) assigned to one of the houses. Where they will keep the same four core subject teachers for two years, before moving on to another for 11th and 12th grades. The closeness this system cultivates is reinforced by the institution of “advisory” classes Teachers meet with students in groups of 25, five morning s a week, for open-ended discussions of everything from homework problems to bad Saturday-night dates. The advisers also meet with students privately and stay in touch with parents, so they are deeply invested in the students? success.“We?re constantly tal king about one another?s advisers,” says English teacher Chris Crockett. “If you hear that yours isn?t doing well in math, or see them sitting outside the dean?s office, it?s like a personal failure.” Along with the new structure came a more demanding academic program, the percentage of freshmen taking biology jumped from 17 to 95.“It was rough for some. But by senior year, two-thirds have moved up to physics,” says Gilbert “Our kids are coming to school in part because they know there are adults here who k now them and care for them.”But not all schools show advances after downsizing, and it remains to be seen whether smaller schools will be a cure-all solution.

The Newsweek list of top U.S. high schools was made this year, as in years past, according to a single metric, the proportion of students taking college-level exams. Over the years this system has come in for its share of criticism for its simplicity. But that is also its strength: it?s easy for readers to understand, and to do the arithmetic for th eir own schools if they?d like.

Ranking schools is always controversial, and this year a group of 38 superintendents(地区教育主管)from five states wrote to ask that their schools be excluded from the calculation.“It is impossible to know which high schools are…the best? in the nation, ”their letter read. in part. “Determining whether different schools do or don?t offer a high quality of education requires a look at man different measures, including students? overall academic accomplishments and their subsequen t performance in college. And taking into consideration the unique needs of their

communities.”

In the end, the superintendents agreed to provide the data we sought, which is, after all, public information. There is, in our view, no real dispute here, we are all seeking the same thing, which is schools that better serve our children and our nation by encouraging students to tackle tough subjects under the guidance of gifted teachers. And if we keep working toward that goal, someday, perhaps a list won?t b e necessary.

注意：此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.

1. Fifty years ago. big. Modern. Suburban high schools were established in the hope of __________.

A) ensuring no child is left behind B) increasing economic efficiency

C) improving students? performance on SAT

D)providing good education for baby boomers

2. What happened as a result of setting up big schools?

A)Teachers? workload increased.B)Students? performance declined.

C)Administration became centralized. D)Students focused more on test scores.

3.What is said about the schools forded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation?

A)They are usually magnet schools.

B)They are often located in poor neighborhoods.

C)They are popular with high-achieving students.

D)They are mostly small in size.

4.What is most noticeable about the current trend in high school education?

A)Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.

B)A great variety of schools have sprung up in urban and suburban areas.

C)Many schools compete for the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funds.

D)Students have to meet higher academic standards.

5.Newsweek ranked high schools according to .

A)their students? academic achievement

B)the number of their students admitted to college

C)the size and number of their graduating classes

D)their college-level test participation

6.What can we learn about Hillsdale?s students in the late 1990s?

A)They were made to study hard like prisoners.

B)They called each other by unaffectionate nicknames.

C)Most of them did not have any sense of discipline,

D)Their school performance was getting worse.

7.According to Jeff Gilbert, the “advisory” classes at Hillsdale were set up so that students could .

A)tell their teachers what they did on weekends

B)experience a great deal of pleasure in learning

C)maintain closer relationships with their teachers

D)tackle the demanding biology and physics courses

8. is still considered a strength of Newsweek?s school ranking system in spite of the criticism it receives.

9.According to the 38 superintendents, to rank schools scientifically, it is necessary to use .

10.To better serve the children and our nation, schools students to take .

Section B

Directions: there are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on

Answer Sheer 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide, we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate. But this won?t necessarily represe nt. an increase in happy marriages. In the long run, the Depression weakened American families, and the current crisis will probably do the

same.

We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses, By 1932. when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed, the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929 But this doesn?t mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages. Rather, with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs, unhappy couples o ften couldn?t afford to divorce. They feared neither spouse could manage alone.

Today, given the job losses of the past year, fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households, Furthermore, the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.

After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities, A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family, described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.”He was always active, looking for odd jobs to do.

The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country, many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale(士气). For some, the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.

Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis, working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.

Today?s economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whos e relationships have been irreparably(无法弥补地)ruined. So it?s only when the economy is healthy again that we?ll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to __________.

A)tear many troubled families apart

B)contribute to enduring family ties

C)bring about a drop in the divorce rate

D)cause a lot of conflicts in the family

58.In the Great Depression many unhappy couples close to stick together because

A)starting a new family would be hard

B)they expected things would turn better

C)they wanted to better protect their kids

D)living separately would be too costly

59.In addition to job losses. What stands in the way of unhappy couples getting a divorce?

A)Mounting family debts B)A sense of insecurity

C)Difficulty in getting a loan D)Falling housing prices

60.What will the current economic crisis eventually do to some married couples?

A)It will force them to pull their efforts together

B)It will undermine their mutual understanding

C)It will help strengthen their emotional bonds

D)It will irreparably damage their relationship

61.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A)The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate

B)Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships

C)A stable family is the best protection against poverty.

D)Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage:

People are being lured (引诱)onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service without realizing they?re paying for it by giving up toads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data to advertisers that want to send targeted messages.

Most Facebook users don?t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they?re paying for Face book because

people don?t really know what their personal data is worth.

The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules Early on you keep everything private. That was the great thing about facebook you could create own little private network. Last year. The company changed its privacy rules so that m any things you city. Your photo, your friends? names-were set, by default (默认)to be shared with every one on the Internet.

According to Facebook?s vice-president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people d on?t share information They have a “less satisfying experience”.

Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. In original business model, which involved selling ads and putting then At the side of the pages totally Who wants to took at ads when they?re online connecting with their friends?

The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April. Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Federal Trade Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites.“I think the senator rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.

I suspect that w hatever Facebook has done so far to invade our privacy, it?s only the beginning. Which is why I?m considering deactivating(撤销)my account. Facebook is a handy site, but I?m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don?t That?s too h igh a price to pay.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62.What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?

A)It is a website that sends messages to targeted users.

B)It makes money by putting on advertisements.

C)It profits by selling its users? personal data.

D)It provides loads of information to its users.

63.What does the author say about most Facebook users?

A)They are reluctant to give up their personal information.

B)They don?t know their personal data enriches Facebook.

C)They don?t identify themselves when using the website.

D)They care very little about their personal information.

64.Why does Facebook make changes to its rules according to Elliot Schrage?

A)To render better service to its users.

B)To conform to the Federal guidelines.

C)To improve its users? connectivity.

D)To expand its scope of business.

65.Why does Senator Charles Schumer advocate?

A)Setting guidelines for advertising on websites.

B)Banning the sharing of users? personal information.

C)Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.

D)Removing ads from all social-networking sites.

66.Why does the author plan to cancel his Facebook account?

A)He is dissatisfied with its current service.

B)He finds many of its users untrustworthy.

C)He doesn?t want his personal data abused.

D)He is upset by its frequent rule changes.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just 67 and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. 68 ,denying the existence of conflict results in couples 69 to solve their problems at early 70 ,which can then lead to even greater problems later 71 .Not surprisingly, expressing anger

and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior 72 increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working 73 conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction.

So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person?s point of view 74 put yourself in his of he r place. People who are 75 to what their partner thinks and feels 76 greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships 77 marriages, those who can adopt their partner?s perspective show more positiv e 78 .more relationship-enhancing attributes and more constructive responses 79 conflict.

Second, because conflict and disagreements are an 80 part of close relationships. People need to be able to apologize to their partner for wrongdoing and 81 forgiveness from their parents for their own acts. Apologies minimize conflict, lead to forgiveness, and serve to restore relationship closeness. In line 82 this view, spouses who are more forgiving show higher mental 83 over time. Increasingly, apologizing can even have 84 health benefits. For example, when people reflect on hurtful 85 and grudges(怨恨)，they show negative physiological(生理的) effects, including 86 heart rate and blood pressure, compared to when they reflect on sympathetic perspective-taking and forgiving.

67.A)resolve B)regret C)abandon D)avoid

68. A)Besides B)Therefore C)Moreover D)However

69. A)trying B)declining C)failing D)striving

70. A)ages B)years C)stages D)intervals

71. A)on B)by C)off D)away

72. A)prescribes B)protests C)proves D)predicts

73. A)round B)amid C)among D)through

74. A)so B)while C)but D)and

75. A)sensitive B)superior C)exclusive D)efficient

76. A)expose B)experience C)explore D)exploit

77. A)as long as B)as far as C)as well as D)as soon as

78. A)minds B)emotions C)psychology D)affection

79. A)to B)against C)at D)toward

80. A)absolute B)inevitable C)essential D)obvious

81. A)require B)inquire C)receive D)achieve

82. A)over B)with C)up D)of

83. A)quality B)identity C)charity D)capability

84. A)creative B)positive C)objective D)competitive

85. A)prospects B)concepts C)memories D)outlooks

86. A)added B)toughened C)strengthened D)increased

Part Vl Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87.Those flowers looked as if they_____________________(好长时间没有浇水了).

88.Fred bought a car last week. It is______________________(比我的车便宜一千英镑).

89.This TV program is quite boning We might______________(不妨听听音乐)

90.He left his office in a hurry, with______________________(灯亮着，门开着)

91.The famous novel is said to __________________________(已经被译成多种语言).

2012年6月份大学英语四级考试题及答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Is It a Waste of Talent? You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below

目前有大学生毕业后选择当油漆工、保姆等

1．对这种做法有人表示赞成

2．也有人表示反对

3．我认为…

Is It a Waste of Talent?

Part 2 ReadmgComprehension(Skimmmg and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Police Lesson: Social Network Tools Have Two Edges

Officer Trey Economidy of the Albuquerque police now realizes that he should have thought harder before listing his occupation on his Facebook profile as "human waste disposal".

After he was involved in a fatal on-duty shooting in February, a local television station dug up the Facebook page. Officer Economidy was placed on desk duty, and last month the Albuquerque Police Department announced a new policy to govem officers' use of social networking sites.

Social networking tools like Facebook and Twitter can be valuable assets for law enforcement agencies, helping them alert the public, seek information about crimes and gather evidence about the backgrounds of criminal suspects. But the Internet can also get police departments into trouble.

Public gaffes (失言) like Officer Economidy's - his cynicaljob description on Facebook was "extremely inappropriate", he said last week in an e-mail - are only one of the risks. A careless posting on a networking site, law enforcement experts say, can endanger an officer's safety, as it did in Santa Monica, Calif., last year when the Police Department went to great lengths to conceal a wounded officer's identity and location, only to have a retired officer carelessly reveal them on Facebook.

And defense lawyers increasingly search social networking sites for evidence that could challenge the validity of a police officer's testimony. In one case in New York, a jury dismissed a weapons charge against a defendant after leaming that the arresting officer had listed his mood on MySpace as "devious" and wrote on Facebook that he was watching the film Training Daylo "brush up on proper police procedure".

The problem is serious enough that departments across the country are scrambling to develop rules to govem what officers can and cannot do online.

"This is something that all the police chiefs around the country, if you're not dealing with it, you'd better deal with it," said Mark A. Marshall, chief of police in Smithfield, Va., and the president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, which has developed its own model policy.

His department, Chief Marshall said, has had a few embarrassing episodes. In one, an officer

who had been involved in a high-speed chase and ended up in "a little bit of a fight" with a suspect posted a comment about what a good time he had during the dust-up (打架). In another, an officer posted a photo of a tattoo (纹身) of St. Michael on her hip. Both were disciplined, Chief Marshall said.

"Unfortunately, you have these extreme incidents that are out there," he said, "and, frankly, you ask yourself, 'What on earth were they thinking when they posted that?''

Most social media policies try to balance a police department's interests against First Amendment protections for the officers. Many include prohibitions against posting any statements that could discredit or reflect badly on a department, that illustrate reckless behavior or that disparage (贬低) people based on race, religion or sexual orientation. Posting crime scene photos or other evidence from criminal cases online is also prohibited by most policies.

Others go further. Albuquerque's policy, for example, prohibits officers from identifying themselves as employees of the Police Department or posting photos of departmental insignia (标志) - badges, uniforms, cruisers - without permission. And a recent policy by the Police Department in Pueblo, Colo., bans gossiping online with outsiders about department affairs.

Police officials say that the courts have generally upheld restrictions on the speech of govemment employees when the speech is job related.

"The U.S. Supreme Court has spoken on it so often that the parameters are fairly well defined," said Martha Stonebrook, senior city attomey in Salt Lake City. In one famous 2004 case, the Supreme Court upheld the firing of an officer who filmed himself stripping off a police uniform and sold the video on eBay's adults-only area. But David L. Hudson Jr., a scholar at the First Amendment Center at Vanderbilt University, said the lower courts were still sorting out the implications of the Supreme Court's decisions involving job-related speech.

"The question of when employees can be disciplined for off-duty speech is vague," he said. "Part of our core nature is what we do for a living, and to prohibit somebody from engaging in any kind of expression related to theirjob is arguably too broad."

In fact, the Albuquerque policy has met some resistance from the rank and file. Joey Sigala, president of the Albuquerque Police Officers' Association, said that while the department was entitled to dictate what officers wear and say on the clock, "I don't believe they have the right to tell us what to do outside of that."

He said that requiring officers to get permission before posting pictures involving department insignia made it difficult to share news about awards or honors spontaneously with family and friends. "They're taking away the ability to demonstrate the good, as well as the bad," he said.

Chief Ray Schultz of the Albuquerque police said that department officials researched policies from around the nation before developing their own. "You need to get a handle on this very quickly, because this has the potential to damage the reputation of the organization and also adversely affect you in the courtroom," Chief Schultz said, adding that some social media sites appeared to be "like the bathroom wall of 20 years ago, except now the entire world can see it". His department, he said, has hired a compliance officer to investigate the online presence of any police officer "who comes to the attention of the department", by examining social network pages and running the officer's name through Google. Media coverage is often what prompts a department into action. The Indiana

State Police initiated its policy after WTHR in Indianapolis discovered photos of drunken revels (狂欢) on a trooper's Facebook page. One showed the trooper, Chris Pestow, with a .357 Magnum pointed at his head. He also posted a comment about a homeless man beaten by police officers in Califomia, saying, "These people should have died when they were young, anyway, I'm just doing them a favor," according to the report by WTHR.

After the controversy, Trooper Pestow resigned, said First Sergeant David Bursten, a spokesman for the State Police. He said he instructs new police officers, "Don't do or say anything that you wouldn't be proud to have your mother see or hear."

"That really sums it up," he said.

Asked about his experience, Mr. Pestow said in an e-mail, "A written policy conceming social media from the Indiana State Police prior to my unfortunate misstep would have benefited me considerably."

Chief Joseph E. Thomas Jr. of the Southfield, Mich., police said that when it comes to social media, it is important for departments to enforce discipline even for small infractions. He cited one instance when an officer photographed goats on a resident's rooftop before confiscating (没收) the animals, then posted the photos. The officer was told to remove the photos from the site and given a verbal reprimand (训斥).

"It was something that did not harm anybody, but it's inappropriate," ChiefThomas said.

He said department officials routinely checked police recruits' social networking pages when they apply for ajob. In one case, he said, a candidate posted this update on Facebook: "Just retumed from the interview with the Southfield Police Department and I can't wait to get a gun and kick some ass."

He was rejected. 1. After the television station exposed a Facebook posting ofTrey Economidy's, ______

[A] he had to resign under the great pressure ofpublic opinion

[B] he removed the post from the site and apologized to the victim

[C] the Albuquerque Police Department cut its Internet access

[D] the department decided to control officers' use of the Internet

2. According to law enforcement experts, officers' careless posting may ______.

[A] expose an officer to danger [B] challenge the authority ofthe police

[C] harm some innocent people [D] put departments in deep trouble

3. What did ChiefMarshall say about two officers in his department?

[A] The male officer killed the suspect in the fight.

[B] The female officer was removed from the police.

[cl They were punished for their embarrassing posts.

[D] They both received intensive training before.

4. According to most social media policies, what is not allowed online for police officers?

[A] Revealing their identities.

[B] Posting pictures of crime scenes.

[C] Talking about criminal cases with outsiders.

[D] Boasting their contribution in the police forces.

5. What do we leam from one famous case in the year 2004?

[A] Police officers are banned from filming themselves.

[B] The decision of firing the officer was rejected.

[C] The officer finally got fired due to his improper post.

[D] Lower departments are stricter withjob-related speech.

6. What's Joey Sigala's opinion on the Albuquerque policy?

[A] It's illegal to dictate what officers say online.

[B] It does harm to police officers' ability to speak.

[C] It should be carried out after careful researches.

[D] It's unreasonable to control off-duty speech.

7. According to Chief Ray Schultz, why is it urgent to deal with what officers post online?

[A] It can alert criminals and help them get away.

[B] It may put officers in disadvantage in cases against them.

[C] It could ruin the international reputation of the country. .

[D] Some social sites may make illegal profit from the posts.

8. The example ofThe Indiana State Police illustrates that it is often ______ that makes a police department decide to act. .

9. Chris Pestow said in an e-mail that he would ________ if the department had developed its social media rules earlier.

lO.According to Chief Thomas, though harmless, it was still _______ for the officer to picture and post the goat online.

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

We have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Intemet, of course, and everything that comes with it - Facebook, Twitter. You can write your own list.

There's been a waming about the imminent (即将发生的) death ofliterate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has fiourished. The world is more literate than ever before - there are more and more readers, and more and more books.

The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over. The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book.

As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book

can provide readers with an unlimited number oflinks: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.

On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization (简单化). One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation (破碎) of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Intemet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable ofreading anything oflength or which requires deep concentration. In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.

In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention ofthe printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.

52. What do we leam from the second paragraph?

[A] Reading faced many challenges in its history.

[B] The role ofreading declines as electronic devices develop.

[C] There is a tendency that fewer people read now.

[D] The world is less literature due to the digital revolution.

53. Which of the followings is not cited as an advantage of e-book?

[A] Multimodal content. [B] Environmental friendliness.

[C] Convenience for readers. [D] Imaginative design.

54. How does the author feel toward single-sentence-long novels?

[A] Ironic. [B] Worried. [C] Happy.

[D] Favorable.

55. Besides knowledge of modern technology, what do people need to survive in a fast-changingsociety?

[A] Sense of direction. [B] The ability to understand.

[C] Good imagination. [D] The ability to change.

56. What is the main idea of the passage?

[A] Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.

[B] Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.

[C] Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.

[D] Technology offers a greater variety ofreading practice.

PartV Cloze

People like being trusted. They are annoyed, angry, or feel hurt if they are regarded with

_____62_____ They think that they are _____63_____ an injustice. They like being trusted for two reasons: (1) It is a tribute (敬意) to their honesty, truth, strength, _____64_____ , kindness and good character; (2) They find it easier to cheat others. These two _____65_____ . suggest what our attitude towards trust in ______66_____ should be. It is not a simple attitude. We must

keep a balance between two _____67_____ over suspiciousness and infantile (幼稚的) naivety.

A parallel to our trust in people could be our trust in natural _____68_____ . However careful we are, we cannot guarantee _____69_____ safety for ourselves in the physical world, yet we act as _____70_____ we can trust an ordered series of physical events. We take the bus to work in the moming _____71_____ that we will arrive safely at our office or school. We have no _____72_____ that we will. The bus could be _____73_____ in an accident.

If we were to take account of every accident that might happen to us we would never do anything. We would just _74_____ sitting at home. Even then we could never be absolutely

_____75_____ that the ceiling would not collapse on us. If we are to do anything at all, we must take risks. Of course we try to reduce risks to a _____76_____ .

Similarly with regard to people. Trusting them involves taking the risk of being _____77___ . Not trusting them places us outside the area of community activity, _____78_____ trust is an essential bond in community living. In a competitive, materialistic world it would

be _____79_____ to trust everyone in everything. However, we should widen the area of trust as far as possible. We cannot eliminate all risks in such trust but we should _80 them as far as possible by reliance _____81_____ intelligence and experience worth our own and those of adults whose reliability has been proven.

62. [A] superstition [B] supervision [C] suspicion [D] suspension

63. [A] suffering [B] challenging [C] releasing [D] offending

64. [A] occupation [B] performance [C] recommendation [D] intelligence

65. [A] reasons [B] examples [C] facts [D] truths

66. [A] another [B] others [C] other [D] anyone

67. [A] ends [B] extremes [C] spots [D] sides

68. [A] matters [B] occasions [C] events [D] situations

69. [A] mechanical [B] material [C] relevant [D] absolute

70. [A] if [B] that [C] as [D] long

71. [A] given [B] provided [C] such [D] so

72. [A] measurement [B] calculation [C] guarantee [D] optimism

73. [A] evolved [B] enclosed [C] engaged [D] involved

74. [A] appreciate [B] enjoy [C] remain [D] imagine

75. [A] certain [B] doubtful [C] suspicious [D] indifferent

76. [A] dilemma [B] minimum [C] maximum [D] reduction

77. [A] fiattered [B] assured [C] deceived [D] convinced

78. [A] however [B] so [C] therefore [D] because

79. [A] evident [B] unwise [C] creative [D] romantic

80. [A] decrease [B] lessen [C] intensify [D] aggravate

81. [A] on [B] for [C] to [D] with

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

82. The doctor suggested__________ （用一种新药来治疗这位病人）．

83.1 wish I__________ （今早能多睡会儿），but I had to get up and come to class.

84. From the way they talked,I__________（推测他们是父子）．

85. I've got many novels,_________ （其中一些很有趣）．

86. It is quite clear that__________（整个计划注定要失败）．

答案详解如下：

PartI Writing

【审题】分析标题和提纲可知，应该写一篇说明文或议论文，也可说明和议论相结合。根据提纲，写作时首先讲述目前有大学生毕业后选择当油漆工、保姆等，指出有人对这种做法表示赞成，并说明理由；然后指出有人反对这种做法，并说明理由；最后给出自己对这种做法的看法和理由。

【思路一】第一段：指出有些大学生毕业后选择当油漆工、保姆等职业，对此很多人表示支持，并从两方面说明原因：不应该用我们固有的观念来评价；他们的做法让我们对找工作有了一个全新的理解。

第二段：指出一些人对此持否定态度，并说明他们不赞同的两个理由：才能和教育资源的浪费；这说明毕业生害怕就业市场中的激烈竞争。

第三段：从两个方面阐述自己的观点：选择与所学专业无关的职业并不意味着大学教育没用；人们有权选择让自己获得满足感和快乐的职业。

Is It a Waste of Talent?

(1) Nowadays there are many reports on university graduates who choose jobs that have nothing to do with their majors, such as painter and housekeeper. And this phenome- non has attracted the public's attention. (2) Many people say these graduates' choices are understandable and we shouldn't use our stereotypes to judge their behaviors. (2) They also hold that we should (3) back these graduates up because they are the pioneers who give us a new understanding ofjob hunting in the competitive job market.

(4) However, there are a lot of people who (3) make negative comments on these graduates'

actions. (5) They maintain that it is a big waste of talent as well as educa- tion resources since these jobs don't need the knowledge they obtained from school. (5) Besides, they think that college graduates, especially those from prestigious universi- ties, choose these jobs just because they are afraid of the fierce competition in the job hunting.

(6) In my opinIon, choosing a career irrelevant to one's major doesn't mean a big waste of talent and education resources at all. (7) What's more, everyone has the right to choose what he or she wants, thus there is nothing wrong for these graduates to choose occupations from which they can get satisfaction and fun.

【点评】

(1)首句说明现象(2)说明支持者的两个观点(3)亮点表达：“支持”；“做出负面评价”

(4)转折，引出反对者的观点(5)从两个方面说明反对者的观点，层层递进(6)说明自己的观点．(7)进一步说明自己的观点

【思路二】第一段：指出大学生选择油漆工、保姆等体力工作这-现象引发社会热议，引出话题。

第二段：指出有些人持宽容态度：1.因为就业市场竞争激烈；2．这只是年轻人刚步入社会的权宜之计，有了自立能力以后，他们会换工作。

第三段：指出有些人持批评态度：1．辜负父母的期望，没有做出应有的社会贡献；2．缺乏面对困难和挫折的勇气，找工作欠考虑。

第四段：结合自己的经历，阐述“我”的观点：不应对年轻人的选择过于指责；随着生活阅历的积累，年轻人会清晰地自我定位，选择发挥专业技能的职位。

Is It a Waste of Talent?

(1)It is reported that nowadays a number of college students choose painter, housekeeper or other jobs that require physical labor in the job hunting. And this phe- nomenon (2) arouses a hot debate in public.

(3) Some people think that due to the fierce competition in the labor market, it

is understandable for young people to make such decisions. (4) Besides, it is just an

(5) expedient to spend the early days of stepping into the society. If they can support

them- selves, young people will change their jobs after serious consideration. So it (5)

makes no sense to assert that their current practice is a waste of talent. -- (3) On the other hand, other people claim that these young people's decisions let their parents down, and taking up jobs irrelevant to their majors contribute nothing to the society. (4) Moreover, (5) it is lack of courage to confront setbacks and obstacles (5) that leads to their (5) ill-considered choices.

(7) As a to-be college graduate having experienced the hardship ofjob hunting, I don't think these young people's choices should be over criticized. As life experiences accumulate, young people can (8) make clear self-definition and (8) choose jobs suit- able to them and (8) apply their expertise to practical activities.

【点评】

(1)引出话题(2)精彩短语：“引发热议”

(3)正反两方观点，结构清晰(4)表递进关系的连词，逻辑更清晰(5)亮点词组：“权宜之计”

“没有道理”“考虑不周的选择”

(6)强调句型(7)结合自身经历，给出自己的看法，更有感染力(8)动词连用，条理有序教育城外语网推荐：

本文主要讲述

了社交网络给

警察带来的不

良影响，以及

警察局为应对

这一问题所采

取的措施。

第1-5通过举

例引出本文讨论

的话题：社交网

络对警察来说

是一把双刃剑。

第1-2段主要讲特雷·伊考诺米迪警员因“脸谱”上的个人资料被曝光被调到内勤.

第3-5段主要说明互联网虽然是执法机构可以使用的有价值的工具，但也会给警员带来不利影响。

影响：网上不慎重的言行给自己带来麻烦；网上发布的帖子可能会危及警员的安全；

辩护律师在社交网站搜索有助于反驳警员证词的相关证据。

第6 -11段讲警察署制定相关规章制度，对警员的网上言行进行规范化监管。

第12 -17段主要说明法院、学者以及警员对限制警员在社交网络发表言论这一做法的态度。

法院：支持限制警员网上言论的做法。

学者戴维．L．哈德森：规定所涉及的范围过于宽泛，有争议性。

警员协会会长乔伊·斯伽拉：警局无权规定警员下班后的言行；这一做法把展示好行为与坏行为的能

力都剥夺了。

第18段-29段主要举例说明警察局对这一问题的看法以及采取的措施。

阿尔伯克基市警察局：需要迅速处理这一问题；专门聘请一名监察警官。

印第安纳州警署：教育新入职警员在社交网络要谨言慎行。

密歇根州绍斯菲尔德市警察局：严格执行有关社交媒体的法规；检查求职者在社交网络上的言论。

1.【线索词】television station; posting ofTrey Economidy's

【定位处】第二段

【解析】选[D]。该段提到，…一家当地电视台发现了他的“脸谱”个人网页。

Economidy警员因此被调到内勤工作，而阿尔伯克基市警察局也于上月宣布了一项

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