2017届高考英语第一轮复习学案--冠词

2017届高考英语第一轮复习学案：冠词

冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。

一、不定冠词的用法

1.不定冠词有a,an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素，（注意，不是辅音字母）时用a, 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意，不是元音字母）时用an.

A university , a useful animal , a one-eyed dog , a European car , an hour , an honesty boy , an ugly boy , an x-ray , an honor

1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of

A plane is a machine that can fly.

A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

3.表示“每一”相当于every，one

We study eight hours a day.

4.表示“相同”相当于the same

We are nearly of an age.

1.不定冠词有a,an两种形式，当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素，（注意，不是辅音字母）时用a, 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素（注意，不是元音字母）时用an.

A university , a useful animal , a one-eyed dog , a European car , an hour , an honesty boy , an ugly boy , an x-ray , an honor

题组训练冠词填空

I earn 10 dollars ______hour as ______supermarket cashing on Saturdays.

The teacher asked us to write _______800-word-long composition.

Christmas is __________ special holiday when the whole family are supposed to get together.

They are twins,so they are of _____age .

5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事

—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

A. 不填

B. a

C. the

D. one

That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）

6.用于固定词组中

Have a cold , have a good time , have a gift for , have a word with ,

at a blow , have/ take a rest , have a walk,, have a holiday ,

make a living , get a lift/ride , go on a diet , as a result ,

as a matter of fact , as a rule ., after a whil , in a hurry ,

in a sense , in a word in a moment , once in a while ,

at a loss , at a distance , for a while , once upon a time ,

all of a sudden , a waste of , a matter of , what a pity !

with a score of , have a population of , have a history of , have an area of ,

a collection of , a knowledge of , an understanding of , a couple of, a bit, many a time

题组训练冠词填空

I don’t want to have words with you . I perfer to have ______word with you.

The power supply was cut off . All of _____sudden ,the lights went out .

China has ______far larger population than Canada.

The quality of the ambulance service is ____matter of life and death.

7.用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.

8.用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后

She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.

9.用于抽象名词具体化的名词前

success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure 失败的人或事

a shame 带来耻辱的人或事 a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的东西

a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识

10.与序数词连用，表示“又一，再一”。

In order to find a better job, he decided to study a second foreign language.

为了找到一个更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。

二、定冠词的用法

1.表示某一类人或物

In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.

A. a; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

2.用于世上独一无二的事物名词前

the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean

3.表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事

Would you mind opening the door?

4.用于演奏乐器

play the violin, play the guitar

5.用于形容词和分词前表示一类人

the reach, the living, the wounded

6.表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5）

—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?

—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. /; the

D. the; /

7.用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前

He is the taller of the two children.

8.用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前

the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French

9.用于表示发明物的单数名词前

The compass was invented in China.

10.在逢十,年代，朝代的名词之前，指世纪的某个年代或用在表示方位的名词前。

in the 1990’s/1990s (二十世纪九十年代) the Tang Dynasty , the Spring and Autumm Period ,the south

11.用于表示度量单位的名词前

I hired the car by the hour.

12.用于方位名词，身体部位名词

He patted me on the shoulder.

Take sb by the arm , hit sb on the head

13.与比较级和最高级连用

①比较级+ and +比较级表示“越来越……”The harder he works, the happier he feels.

②表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the。Who is the older of the tow boys?

③三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的

介词短语。

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

14 用在某些固定词组中

in the end , in the day time , in the habit of , make the most /best of ,

in the distance , in the way , on the whole , on the left /right ,

at the same time , at the moment , for the time being , in the public eye ,

go to the doc tor’s , by the way , the other day , on the radio/phone ,

on the spot , to tell the truth , go to te cinema , not in the least ( =not at all ) ,

on the one hand ...,on the other hand for the most part .

三、零冠词（即不用冠词）的情况

1.专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前

Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air

2.名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制

I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?

3.季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前

March, Sunday, National Day, spring

4.表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前

Lincoln was made President of America.

5.表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前

He likes playing football/chess.

6.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前

We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent.

A. the; the

B.不填；the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填；不填

7.以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时

husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night

8.表示泛指的复数名词前

Horses are useful animals.

四、冠词的位置

冠词一般放在名词之前，名词之前若有形容词，冠词放在形容词之前。下列情况例外：

1.不定冠词用于下列副词加形容词之后：as, how, however, so, too等。

如：He is as good a soldier as he was.他和以前一样是个好士兵。

2.不定冠词置于such, what, many, not, too,much of等之后。

如：Many a little pickle makes a nickel.积少成多。

3.不定冠词常用于quite和rather之后，但如果另有形容词修饰时，不定冠词既可放在第二位，也可放在第一位，但最常见的仍是第二位。

如：She is quite a woman.她真是个女人。

It was quite/rather a cold day.很冷的一天(同It was a quite/rather cold day.)

4.定冠词要放在half, twice, much等之后。

如：He paid twice the price for it. 他花了两倍的钱买了它。

冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。

5.有无冠词的短语区别

类似的词组：

by day在白天by the day按天计算

in case of以防in the case of就……来说

in charge of负责，管理i n the charge of由……负责

in office执政in the office在办公室

in sight(of)看见in the sight(of)在……看来

go to sea去当水手go to the sea到海边去

out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能

take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告

be of age成年be of all age同龄

go to church去做礼拜go to the church去教堂

in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱

in front of 在...（外部）的前面in the front of 在....（内部）的前面

sit at table 吃饭sit at the table 坐在桌旁（不一定是吃饭）

take place 发生take the place of 代替

in possession of sth 拥有某物in the possession of sth 为某人所拥有

in place of 代替in the place of 在...的地方

in future 今后in the future 将来

考点解析

考点1 考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法

①How about taking_____short break? I want to make_____call.

A. the; a

B. a; the

C. the; the

D. a; a

②Christmas is_____special holiday when_____whole family are supposed to get together.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. a; the

考点2 考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法

①I looked under_____bed and found books I lost last week.

A. the; a

B. the；the

C. 不填；the

D. the; 不填

②I like_____color of your skirt. It is good match for your blouse.

A. a; the

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. the; the

考点3 考查不定冠词及零冠词的习惯搭配

①George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was

at church.

A. /; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D. /; a

②Many people have come to realize that they should go on_____balanced diet and makeroom in their day for exercise.

A. a; /

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. /; a

考点4 考查不定冠词在具体化的抽象名词前的用法

①Many people have come to realize that they should go on balanced diet and make room in their

day fo r exercise.

A.a;不填

B.the; a

C.the; the

D.不填; a

②—How about _____Christmas evening party?

—I should say it was _____success.

A. a; a

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. the; 不填

考点5 考查在名词前用不用冠词意义的不同

①We went right round to the west coast by sea instead of driving across continent.

A. the; the

B.不填;the

C. the; 不填

D.不填;不填

②George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it

was Sunday because everybody was at church.

A./; the

B. the; /

C. a; /

D./; a

类似的词组：

by day在白天by the day按天计算

in case of以防in the case of就……来说

in charge of负责，管理in the charge of由……负责

in office执政in the office在办公室

in sight(of)看见in the sight(of)在……看来

go to sea去当水手go to the sea到海边去

out of question毫无疑问out of the question不可能

take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告

be of age成年be of all age同龄

go to church去做礼拜go to the church去教堂

in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱

特别提示：当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：He went to the bed and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed.他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。

高考真题

1.【2012浙江卷】. _______________ The development of industry has been_______ gradual process throughout _______ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

A. 不填, the

B. the; a

C. a; 不填

D. a; a

2.【2012全国II】He missed ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.

A. the; the

B. /; a

C. the; a

D. a; /

3.【2012安徽卷21】. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.

A. / ；a

B. / ；the

C. the ; a

D. the ; the

4.【2012辽宁卷21 】. I woke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone.

A. the; the

B. the; an

C. a; the

D. a; an

5.【2012山东卷】29. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; 不填

D. 不填；a

6.【2012重庆卷24】.Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George.

A. /,/

B. the,/ C the the D./, the

7.【2012江西卷21】The Smiths don’t usually stay at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very

nice hotel by ________ sea.

A．/; a B．the; the C．/; the D．the; a

8.【2012全国新课程22. 】Sarah looked at finished painting

with satisfaction.

A.不填；a

B. a; the

C. the; 不填

D. the; a

9.【2013福建】21. The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development.

A. the; a

B. a; a

C. a; the

D. the; the

10.【2013江西】32. Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man.

A. a ; /

B. the ; the

C. a ; the

D. / ; /

11.【2013山东】22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.

A. 不填；a

B. a; the

C. the; a

D. the; 不填

12【2013陕西】19. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in I thirteenth century.

A. the; a

B. a; /

C. /; the

D. the; the

13【2013新课标II卷】13.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C.不填；the

D. a;不填

14【2013新课标I 卷】31. India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle. A.不填;a B. the; a C. an;不填 D. an; the

15【2013浙江】15. People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at ______ early age and these preferences affect learning.

A. a; an

B. a; 不填

C. 不填; the

D. the; an

16【2013重庆】32. The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.

A. a;/

B. the; /

C. the; an

D. a; an

【2011浙江卷,2】Experts think that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picsso.

A.the ;不填

B. a ;the

C. a ; 不填

D. the; a

2011全国卷,33）It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. A.a; a B.a; the C.the; the D.a; 不填

2011全国卷II,16As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填a

D. the; a

2011山东卷,21Take your time —it’s just_____short distance from here to_____restaurant. A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；

a

2011四川卷,18Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

A. 不填；A

B.不填；The

C.the; The

D.a; A 22.（10浙江）Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body.

A. a; /

B. /; the

C. a; the

D. /; /

23.(10山东)f we sit near _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view. A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the ；the

24.(10江苏)The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.

A.不填； a

B. 不填；the

C. the ； a

D. the ； the

25.(09浙江)I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got ______ rough idea of _____ project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the

26.(09四川)In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study ________ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the

27.(08浙江)______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填

28.(08山东)Students should be encouraged to use ______ Internet as ______ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a 29.(08江西)--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.

--- It is not your fault. With _____ rush-hour traffic and ____ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. /; /

D. /; a

模拟试题

1.（杭州市西湖高级中学2012届高三3月月考 1）The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have _____ third one

because _____ second one is rather too small.

A. a; a

B. the; the

C. a; the

D. the; a

2.（浙江省六校联盟2012届高三第一次联考2 ） As the world faces ______ “cooling market”, Premier Wen Jiabao calls for ______confidence in economic growth during the New Year holiday. A. the; a B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. a; the

3.（温州市2012届高三第一次适应性测试 1）—Riding along the Qujiang River banks could be great fun. —Sound like pretty good idea. A ．a…/ B ．a…a C ．/…/ D ．/…a

4.（宁波市八校2012届高三下学期期初测试 1）Nicknames are interesting. If ______ man were unusually strong, he might adopt _____name such as Armstrong. A. a; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. the; a

5.（台州中学2012届高三下学期第一次统练 2）Yang Jia, ____ English professor at____ Chinese Academy of

Science meets ____ challenges brought by the sudden loss of her eyesight and continues to make it in her work.

A. an; the; /

B. the; /; the

C. the; /; /

D. an; the; the 6.（金华一中2012届高三上学期期中考试 1）—What book!

—It’s wonderful indeed. I’ve never read more exciting one. A ．a; the B ．the; 不填 C ．a; a D ．the; a

7.（杭州市萧山九中2012届高三上学期期中考试 2）_______ young girl reminded me of my youth gone. I’m now ______ has-been that can tell what to do or not to do.

A. The;a

B. A; the

C. A; a

D. The;不填 8.（绍兴一中2012届高三上学期期中考试 1）When a giraffe has ______ drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart in order to reach ______ water easily.

A. 不填；不填

B. a; the

C. the; 不填

D. 不填；the

9.（衢州一中2012届高三上学期期中考试 2）The biggest whale is _______ blue whale, which grows to be about 29

meters long —the height of _______ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the

10.( 浙江省十二校新高考研究联盟2012届第一次联考 2) ________ M(m) oney plays an important role in ________ material world. But you can’t expect it to give you real happiness. A. A; the B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. The; the

11.( 杭州市新安江中学2012届高三12月月考 1) As is known to all,______ People’s Republic of China is _______ biggest developing country in the world.

A. the ;不填

B. 不填 ；the

C. the ；the

D. 不填；不填 12.( 宁波市2012届高三“十校联考” 2) In January, 2011, ____ leader of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Jintao was warmly received by Barak Obama, who was elected ____ president of the US two years ago. A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the

13.( 绍兴市2011届高三教学质量测试2) --- How did you enjoy concert last night?

--- What a disappointment! My favourite singer lost her voice and didn’t even

make appearance.

A．a; an B．the; / C．the; an D．the; the

14.( 浙江省杭州二中2011届高三5月模拟1) --- What do you think of the new manager of your department?

--- Oh, he is ________ manager who’s pleasant to work with. I mean, it is ______ pleasure to work with him.

A. the; \

B. a; a

C. a; the

D. \; a

15.( 嘉兴一中2011届高三高考模拟试题11) Failure to face up to painful experience can be ______ form of stress

itself, and can increase ______ possibility of illness.

A. the; /

B. a; a

C. a; the

D. /; the

16.( 金华一中、慈溪中学、学军中学三校2011年高三联考1) What ______ lovely surprise it was for the students to

get ______ precious present individually when their class teacher, John, came back from the ceremony!

A. 不填；a

B. 不填；不填

C. the; the

D. a; a

17.( 温州市2011届高三上学期五校联考21) I was told that 10:15 flight would take us to Shanghai in time to reach

Fudan University．

A．the; / B．the; a C．a; the D．/; the

18.( 杭州师范大学附属中学2011届高三上学期第一次月考2) ---What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as? --- ______ inventor of ______ telephone.

A. an; /

B. the; a

C. the; the

D. /; the

19.( 浙江省五校2011届高三第一次联考1) The significance of 2010 Expo Shanghai lies in the opportunities it has provided for visitors to consider what would make for ______ better city and what should be ______ yardstick to improve city life．

A．a, the B．the, a C．a, / D．the, /

20.( 杭州十四中2010届高三9月月考试卷1) Many people have come to realize that they should go on _ balanced diet and make ____ room in their day for exercise.

A. a;/

B. the; a

C. the; the

D./;a

21.( 温州中学2010届高三第一学期第一次月考15) The film Harry Potter was quite ______ hit across the world, bringing in ______ income of box office over millions of dollars within five months.

A. /; an

B. a; /

C. a; an

D. a; the

22.( 杭州高级中学2010届高三上学期第一次月考2) ______ two pandas from Chinese mainland has become ______ hot topic in Taiwan.

A. The, a

B. A, a

C. /, the

D. The, /

2017年高考英语四海八荒易错集专题01名词与冠词

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