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Being done的用法

一、与be动词一起构成现在进行时的被动语态（am/ is/ are being done）和过去进行时的被动语态（was/ were being done）。如：

The new houses are being painted.这些新房子还在刷漆。

When I went to pay him a visit, he was being examined by a doctor. 当我去看他时，他正在接受医生的检查。

二、作后置定语，修饰某一名词，表示某一被动动作正在进行。如：

The meeting being held now is of great importance. 现在正在开的会很重要。

上面的句子也可以变成含有定语从句的句子：

The meeting which is being held now is of great importance.

注意：being done，to be done与done均可作后置定语，其区别为：being done表示正在发生的被动动作；to be done表示将要发生的被动动作；而done表示已经发生的被动动作。如：

The house to be built here next year belongs to Fred. 明年将在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

The house built here last year belongs to Fred. 去年在这里建的房屋是弗雷德的。

三、作某些及物动词或介词的宾语。如：

John hates being laughed at in public. 约翰不喜欢当众被嘲笑。

Do you mind being left alone at home. 把你一个人留在家里你介意吗？

My class teacher was honoured for being devoted to the cause of the education. 我的班主任因致力于教育事业受到了表彰。

四、有时作主语或用在see，hear，feel等少量感官动词后作宾语补足语。如：Being lost can be a terrifying experience.迷路可能是一种可怕的经历。（作主语）He heard the song being sung next door. 他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。（作宾补）Having been done 和done用法的区别

1.done是过去分词，having been done是现在分词完成时的被动语态。两个都可以表示“完成＋被动。”但作状语时，having been done表示该动作发生在主句动作之前；而done则不强调这层含义；

Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.

Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.

（分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)强调分词动作先于谓语动词）Killed, she couldn't stop her blood from going chilled.

Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

（过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义）

2. done可作定语而having been done一般不作定语。

The concert given by the symphony orchesta was a great success.

They are problems left over by history.

完成体的分词一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。如：

我们一般不说：The girl having won the race is my deskmate.

而常这样说：The girl who has won the race is my deskmate.

但非限定性的完成体作定语或如果分词所修饰的词是泛指则没有这个限制。如：Anyone having passed the test has got a prize. 任何通过考试的人都能得到一份奖品。

Charlie, having lived in Paris for years, decided to return to London. 在巴黎呆过多年，查理决定重返伦敦。

The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory. 由于被严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。(The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.)

3. 如果分词是短暂动词，那么该分词完成式所表示的动作往往是在谓语动作之前发生过多次，请看例句：

(1)Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up.

妙语点睛：

分词完成式having been bitten在谓语动作refused之前已经重复过两次，即分词完成式用于短暂动作时往往会体现出重复性的特点。

过去分词的用法

一、动词的-ed形式的特征

A．动词的-ed形式是由动词的过去分词构成

动词的-ed形式只有一种形式，即传统语法中的过去分词。绝大部分的动词的-ed形式由动词原形加-ed构成，也有一些动词的-ed形式是不规则的。

1．规则动词的-ed形式

limit→limited（限制）pretend→pretended（假装）escape→escaped（逃脱）provide→provided（提供）refer→referred（提交）drag→dragged（拖）

pray→pr ayed（祈祷）supply→supplied（供应）

2．不规则动词的-ed形式

cast→cast（投掷）spread→spread（传播）bite→bitten（咬）

forgive→forgiven（原谅）spit→spat（吐）wear→worn（穿）

fight→fought（搏斗）lose→lost（丢失）

3．少数动词的-ed形式作定语时，读音与一般过去分词不同

learned a learned professor 一位知识渊博的教授

aged an aged man 老人

beloved his beloved computer 他心爱的计算机

B．动词的-ed形式的否定形式

动词的-ed形式的否定形式是由not或never加动词的-ed形式构成。

Not allowed to go in, he had to wait outside. 不允许他进去，他只好在外面等着。Never invited to his party, she got angry with him. 从未被邀请过去他的聚会，她很生气。

C．动词的-ed形式的特征

动词的-ed形式有被动的意思，有时也可表示完成的动作。

1．动词的-ed形式表示已完成的动作。

除了作形容词用的-ed形式外，动词的-ed形式可带有完成的意义，有的同时也带有被动的意义。

Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology. 由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。

One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。

The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 鲁迅写的

这些书，受到了许多中国人的喜爱。

2．及物动词的-ed形式一般表示被动的意思。

Given more time, I could have solved that riddle. 要是有充足的时间，我就能猜出那个谜语。（句子的主语I 和动词give之间是被动关系。）

When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. 你说英语的时候，一定要让人懂得你的意思。（动词make的宾语yourself和宾语补足语understand 之间是被动关系。）

The experience gained in the army was of great value to our study. 在军队获得的经验对我们的学习很有帮助。

3．不及物动词的-ed形式只表示完成的意思，并不带有被动的含义。

an escaped prisoner 逃犯（= a prisoner who has escaped）

a retired worker 退休工人（= a worker who has retired）

a newly arrived guest 新来的客人（= a guest who has just arrived）

We should bring in advanced technology from developed countries from time to time.我们应该不时地从发达国家引进先进技术。

People should pay attention to the changed situation. 人们应该注意到变化了的形势。

二、动词的-ed形式的用法

动词的-ed形式在句中主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语、状语和补语。

A．动词的-ed形式作表语

1．-ed形式在连系动词后作表语，说明主语的状态。

The students are fully prepared. 学生们已做好了充分的准备。

When we got there, the shop was closed. 我们到那儿时，商店已经关门了。

She felt satisfied with her performance on the high-and-low bars. 她对自己在高低杠上的表现感到很满意。

The land remained unexploited. 这片土地尚未开发。

Hearing the news, he looked disappointed. 听到这个消息，他看起来非常失望。The top of the mountain is covered with snow all through the year. 山顶上终年积雪覆盖。

比较：

要把-ed形式作表语和被动语态区别开来。作表语的-ed形式表示状态，被动语态中的-ed形式表示被动动作。

All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态）All the doors were locked by the guard. 所有的门都被卫兵锁上了。（被动语态，表示动作）

Peter the Great is buried here. 彼得大帝就埋葬在这里。（-ed形式作表语，表示状态

Peter the Great was buried here in 1725. 彼得大帝于1725年被埋葬在这里。（被动语态，表示动作）

2．同一动词的-ed形式与-ing形式作表语时的区别。

动词的-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意思，而-ing形式作表语多表示主语具有的特征，含有主动的意思。

They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害

怕。

At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved. 看到这么动人的情景，所有在场的人都感动了。

提示：

上述动词的-ed形式，有的（如pleased, tired, excited, disappointed等）已经变成形容词，可以被very, too等副词修饰。有的（如amused, puzzled, relaxed等）还不能被very, too修饰，只能被much修饰。

These problems are very puzzling. 这些问题很令人迷惑。

We are much puzzled by his failure to reply. 他不给我们回信使我们百思不得其解。

His speech was very moving. 他的演讲非常感人。

All the people present were moved to tears. 在场的所有人都被感动得流泪了。B．动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语

当作宾语补足语的动词和前面的宾语之间是被动关系时，一般应用动词的-ed 形式作宾语的补足语。

1．在感觉动词see, hear, feel, notice, watch, find后作宾语补足语。

I heard the Ninth Symphony played last night. 昨晚我听了第九交响乐的演奏。

We found all the rivers seriously polluted. 我们发现所有的河流都被严重污染了。

Yesterday I noticed a little girl caught stealing in the shop. 昨天我在商店里注意到一个小女孩偷东西被抓住了。

He felt his collar pulled by someone from behind. 他感觉到衣领被人从后面拉了一下。

2．在使役动词get, have, make, leave, keep等后作宾语补足语。

①动词的-ed形式作get的宾语补足语。

Doris got her bad tooth pulled out in the hospital. 多丽丝在医院把坏牙拔了。

I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come. 我得先把盘子洗了，然后就来。

比较：

动词get后也可接动词不定式或动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，和宾语是主动关系。

I couldn誸get the car to start this morning. 今早我无法把汽车发动起来。

He got his sister to help him with his clothes. 他让姐姐帮他洗衣服。

It is not hard to get him talking; the problem is stopping him! 让他说话不难，难的是说开了止不住他。

Can you really get that old clock going again 你真的能让那辆旧钟再走起来吗？

②动词的-ed形式作make的宾语补足语。

He raised his voice in order to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门为了使别人听清他的讲话。

You should make your views known to the public. 你应该让公众知道你的观点。注意：

动词make后的宾语补足语可用不带to的动词不定式或动词的-ed形式，但不可用动词的-ing形式。

【误】Can you make the students understanding the text

【正】Can you make the students understand the text 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

【正】Can you make the text understood by the students 你能让学生理解这篇课文吗？

③动词的-ed形式作keep或leave的宾语补足语。

They all went home, leaving all the work undone. 所有的工作都没完成，他们就回家了。

The detective and his assistant kept themselves locked in the room all night. 侦探和他的助手把自己整夜反锁在房间里。

3．动词的-ed形式也可用在with（without）结构中，作介词的宾语补足语。With everything well arranged, he left the office. 一切都安排妥善之后，他离开了办公室。

She has com

e back with her backpack filled with interesting picture-books. 她已经回来了，背包里塞满了有趣的图书。

Without any grain left in the house, the little girl had to go begging. 家里没有粮食，小女孩只好出去讨饭。

Without any more time given, we couldn't finish the task in three weeks. 如果不再给我们任何时间的话，我们三星期之内完成不了任务。

4．某些动词后（如want, need, prefer, would like等），作宾语补足语的不定式被动形式省略“to be”，就成了-ed形式作宾语补足语。

I would like this matter (to be) settled immediately. 我希望这事立即得到解决。I'd prefer this book translated by my sister. 我情愿让我妹妹来翻译这本书。

We need the work (to be) finished by Saturday. 我们需要这项工作周六之前完成。

The peasants don't want good farmland (to be) built on. 农民们不想让好好的农田被用来建造房子。

C．动词的-ed形式作定语

动词的-ed形式作定语修饰名词分为前置和后置两类。

1．前置定语

单个的动词的-ed形式作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前，作前置定语。

A watched pot never boils. 心急锅不开。

All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. 所有的坏门窗都修好了。When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 我们到达的时候，每人被发给了一份印制好的试卷。

提示：

如要表示强调，单个动词-ed形式也可作后置定语。

Money spent is more than money earned. 入不敷出。

2．后置定语

作后置定语的-ed形式一般都带有修饰语或其他成分，在语法上相当于一个定语从句。

We have read many novels written by this author. 我们读过这个作家写的许多小说。（= that are written by this author）

Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. 被邀请到招待会上的贵宾有一半都是外国大使。（= who had been invited to the reception）

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千名学生出席了。(= which was attended by one thousand students)

A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and took her seat as judge. 一个律师装扮的女人走了进来，并作为法官就座。(= who was dressed like a lawyer)

3．动词的-ed形式作定语和-ing形式作定语的区别

动词的-ed形式作定语表示动作已完成或和被动，而-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或和主动。

the risen sun 升起了的太阳the rising sun 正在升起的太阳

boiled water 开水boiling water 正沸腾的水

developed countries 发达国家developing countries 发展中国家

fallen leaves 落叶falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子

changed condition 改变了的情况changing condition 变化着的情况

D．动词的-ed形式作状语动词的-ed形式作状语和-ing形式作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

1．表示时间

动词的-ed形式作状语表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. 从塔上往下看，城市显得很美丽。（= When the city is seen from the tower...）

Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 带我们参观了实验室之后，又带我们参观了图书馆。（= After we had been shown the lab...）

Completely examined by the doctors, he went back to school right away. 经过医生彻底检查以后，他立刻回到了学校。(= After he was completely examined...)

提示：

有时动词的-ed形式前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. 当被问到为什么上课又迟到时，她羞愧地低下了头。

Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. 一恢复健康，他就全力以赴地干起了工作。

Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time.一旦给这钟上了发条，它就会走半个月，并且走得很准。

2. 表示原因

动词的-ed形式作状语表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldn't help crying. 孩子们被英雄事迹感动，情不自禁地哭了起来。（= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds ...）Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read. 因为写得快，她的信很难阅读。（=As it was written in haste ...）

Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. 我们因为新发现而激动万分，决定出去庆祝一下。(Because we were excited by...)

注意：

为了使-ed形式表示的条件、动词让步意义更加明显，我们可以加上适当的连

词。

Even if invited,I won'tgo. 即使受到邀请，我也不去。

Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. 虽然被对手打败，便他们并没有丧失信心。

Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 除非被邀请，不然他不会回到公司来的。

3. 表示条件

动词的-ed形式作状语表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

Heated, water changes into steam. 加热，水就能变成蒸汽。（= If water is heated...）

Given more time, he would be able to do better. 假如多给一些时间，他会干得更出色。（= If he was given more time ...）

Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 与其他教授相比，她是一个优秀的演说家。

4. 表示让步

动词的-ed形式作状语表示让步，相当于一个thoughalthough引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. 尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。（= Although they were exhausted by the running ...）

Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。（= Even if he was laughed by many people ...）

Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 尽管一天被盘问了多次，安德鲁仍然对那件谋杀案保持沉默。

提示：

有时动词的-ed形式作状语和动词的-ing形式的被动式作状语，并没有多大的区别，可以互换。

Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

= Being suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. 他因突然发热不能来上学。

Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

= Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 因为是在农村长大的，他感到很难适应城市生活。

5．表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明。

动词的-ed形式作状语表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明时，通常位于句子的后面，相当于一个并列分句。

The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 老师站在那儿，被学生围住了。（= and he was surrounded by the students）

He went into the office, followed by some children. 他走进办公室，后面跟着一些孩子。(= and he was followed by some children)

They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. 他们转过身来，站在房间中央，完全惊呆了。

She accepted the gift, deeply moved. 她接受了礼物，深深地感动了。

注意：

动词的-ed形式在句中不能用作主语或宾语。

【误】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour.

【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀请出席国宴是极大的荣耀。

【误】I cannot stand laughed at.

【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。

三、动词的-ed形式的逻辑主语

A．动词的-ed形式在句中作状语和表语时，它的逻辑主语一般来说就是句子的

主语，-ed形式和主语之间是被动关系。

Locked up, he had no way to escape. 他被锁了起来，没有办法逃跑了。

Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. 他陷入了沉思，几乎撞到了前面的汽车。

She became discouraged at the news. 听到这个消息，她泄气了。

Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. 尽管已经是上午10点了，商店的门仍然锁着。

B．当动词的-ed形式在句中作定语时，它的逻辑主语是被它修饰的名词，它和名词之间是被动关系。

The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 第一批编写出来作为英语教材的课本是16世纪出版的。

The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school. 去年开办的计算机中心深受这所学校的学生喜爱。

A lighted candle lit up the cellar. 一支点燃的蜡烛照亮了地下室。

C．当动词的-ed形式在句中作宾语补语或主语补语时，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. 薇薇恩把手指卡在自行车链条里了。（trapped的逻辑主语是句子的宾语fingers）

The valuable vase was found stolen. 那个珍贵的花瓶发现被盗了。（stolen的逻辑主语是句子的主语vase）

We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. 我们回到家发现整幢房子被翻得乱七八糟, 很明显小偷闯进来了。D．动词的-ed形式有时可有其独立的逻辑主语，常用作状语（详见“第8章独立主格结构”）。

Everything done, we went home. 一切事情都做完了，我们就回家了。

All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. 钱都用完了，亨利不得不再找一份工作。

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。

All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. 考虑到所有的情况，原来计划好的旅行不得不取消。

E．动词的-ed形式作独立成分。

动词的-ed形式的一些固定词组也可在句中作独立成分，不受逻辑主语的限制。Put frankly, I don't agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他所说的。Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他一般的身体状况，手术后的恢复可能需要一段时间。

练习高中英语过去分词专项练习

1．_____ from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.

A. To see

B. Seen

C. Seeing

D. See

2. All things _____, the planned trip will have to be called off.

A. be considered

B. considering

C. having considered

D. considered

3. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.

A. Saw; frightened

B. Seen; frightened

C. To see; frightening

D. Seeing; frightened

4. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

A. When taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

5. The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins

B. begun

C. beginning

D. having begun

6. _____ in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.

A. being founded

B. Founded

C. It was founded

D. Founding

7. If you go to Xi’an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _____.

A. supposed

B. supposing

C. to suppose

D. suppose

8. _____ more attention, the tree could have grown better.

A. Given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Having given

9. In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hours _____ in my study.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. locked

D. being locked

10. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.

A. When compared

B. Compare

C. While comparing

D. Comparing

11. Mrs. Bush stood ______ for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her.

A. surprised

B. surprising

C. being surprised

D. to be surprised

12. ____ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.

A. Leaving

B. Left

C. To be left

D. Having left

13. _____ to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.

A. Being determined

B. On having determined

C. Determined

D. To be determined

14. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.

A. Being settled

B. Having settled

C. Settled

D. Settling

15. He must be angry, for we heard the glass ____ on the floor.

A, being broken B. break C. to be break D. broken

16. You can fly to the UK this morning _____ you don’t mind changing planes in Hong Kong.

A. because

B. provided

C. unless

D. so far as

17. _____ in th is way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing.

A. To look

B. Looking at

C. Looked at

D. To be looked at

18. _____ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars.

A. To be judged the best

B. Judged by the best

C. Having judged the best

D. Judging the best

19. A cool rain was falling, _____ with snow.

A. mixed

B. mixing

C. to mix

D. having mixed

Keys:1~~5 DDDBB 6~~10 BAACA11~~15 ABCC 16~~20 ABCBA 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the

customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the

customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s acti ons against the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who

did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be

repaired D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the

paper ,“______, an English teacher for

a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in

this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study

even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

1-5 BABBC 6-10 DCAAB 11-15 DADAA 16-20 ABADC 21-25 ADBDC 过去分词练习

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the

customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve;

made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by

my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not

seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the

plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against

the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitemen t, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be

repaired D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the

paper ,“______, an English teacher for

a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

1-5 BABBC 6-10 DCAAB 11-15 DADAA 16-20 ABADC 21-25 ADBDC 1．Because of my poor English I'm afraid I can't make myself ____．（MET1979）A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood

2．What's the language ____ in Germany？（MET1983）

A．speaking B．spoken C．be spoken D．to speak

3．____ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army．（MET1984）A．Followed B．Followed by

C．Being followed D．Having been followed by

4．Most of the people ____ to the party werefamous scientists．（MET1987）A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting

5．He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____．（MET1988）

A．been turned down B．turned down

C．to be turned down D．to turn down

6．Most of the artists?____ to the party were from South Africa．（MET1990）A．invited B．to invite

C．being invited D．had been invited

过去分词练习

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M.

A. knowing

B. known

C. being known

D. to be known

2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party

that night.

A. recorded

B. recording

C. to be recorded

D. having recorded

3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

— The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.

A. to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made

4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss.

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When comparing

C. Comparing

D. When compared

7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing.

A. seat

B. seating

C. seated

D. to be seating

8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______.

A. kept

B. to be kept

C. keeping

D. being kept

9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.

A. worried

B. to worry

C. worrying

D. worry

10. —What’s happening in the street?

— A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.

A. calls

B. called

C. calling

D. to be called

11. He had his leg ______ when playing football.

A. break

B. to break

C. breaking

D. broken

12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me.

A. dated

B. dating

C. was dated

D. which dated

13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep.

A. To fill

B. To be filled

C. Filling

D. Filled

14. Even if ______, I won’t go.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. I invited

D. he invites

15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match.

A. finished

B. finishing

C. to finish

D. to be finished

16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who

did that?”

A. pointing; broken

B. pointed; broken

C. pointing; breaking

D. pointed; breaking

17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______?

A. repairing; repairing

B. repairing; repaired

C. to repaired; to be repaired

D. to be repaired; repairing

18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“______, an English teacher for a ten-year-old boy.”

A. Determined;Wanted

B. Determined;Wanting

C. Determines;Wanted

D. Determining;Wanting

19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. speaking to

D. spoken to

20. Many young teachers，Ms Zhou ______，were chosen as model workers in

this city.

A. to include

B. including

C. included

D. being included

21. ______ by Yang Liwei’s speech，the students are determined to study

even harder.

A. Deeply moved

B. Having deeply moved

C. To be deeply moved

D. Moving deeply

22. Though ______ badly，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy.

A. he wounded

B. was wounding

C. wounding

D. wounded

23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful.

A. paint

B. painted

C. painting

D. to paint

24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.

A. warning

B. to warn

C. warn

D. warned

25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms.

A. bury

B. to bury

C. buried

D. burying

参考答案：

2．What's the language ____ in Germany？（MET1983）

A．speaking B．spoken C．be spoken D．to speak

3．____ some officials，Napoleon inspected his army．（MET1984）A．Followed B．Followed by

C．Being followed D．Having been followed by

4．Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists．（MET1987）A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting

5．He was disappointed to find his suggestions ____．（MET1988）

A．been turned down B．turned down

C．to be turned down D．to turn down

6．Most of the artists?____ to the party were from South Africa．（MET1990）A．invited B．to invite

C．being invited D．had been invited

7．____ more attention，the trees could have grown better．（MET1990）A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given

8．the first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century．（NMET1994）

A．having written B．to be written C．being written D．written

9．the Olympic Games，____ in 776B．C．，did not include women players until 1912．（NMET1997）

A．first playing B．to be first played

C．first played D．to be first playing

10．____ in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States．（2000上海高考）

A．Being founded B．It was founded C．Founded D．Founding

11．When____ ，the museum will be open to the public next year．（2002上海春招）A．completed B．completing

C．being completed D．to be completed

12．the research is so designed that once ____?nothing can be done to change it．（NMET2002）

A．begins B．having begun C．beginning D．begun

13．Mr．Smith，____ of the speech，started to read a novel．（2003北京春招）A．tired；boring B．tiring；bored C．tired；bored D．tiring；boring 14．Friendship is like money，easier made than ____．（2003上海春招）

A．kept B．to be kept C．keeping D．being kept

15．Unless ____ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference．（2003上海春招）

A．invited B．inviting C．being invited D．having invited

keys：1—5DBBAB 6—10AADCC 11—15ADAAA

(完整版)wouldshouldcouldhavedone用法和区别

would/could/might/should have done等用法和区别一、在虚拟语气中的用法（情态动词都是过去时态！） 1. should have done：原本应该做某事，(否)shouldn't have done :原本不该做某事 2. ought to have done 原本应该做某事，(否) oughtn't to have done :原本不该做某事注意： ought to do 语气更强，常用于长辈对小辈的用语或某规则上的要求（严格的规则应用must ）． should do 可用语平辈朋友间，较为客气与口语化 3. need have done 原有必要做某事 (否) needn't have done 原本没必要做某事注意：做情态动词，need的过去式仍然是need;做实意动词，need 的过去式是needed. 4.could have done 原本能够做某事注意： couldn't have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 can't have done：过去不可能做了某事 5.might have done 原本可以做某事注意： might not have done 无虚拟语气的用法，只表推测，相当于 may not have done：过去可能没有做某事

6.would have done原本会做某事 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 二、对过去事情表推测的用法(情态动词用原型或过去式都可以，只是在说话者看来，可能性大小稍微有所不同而已) 1. must have done：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could)have done：“不可能做过某事”来表示： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。 He can't/couldn`t have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。 “The dictionary has disappeared. Who could/can have taken it?”词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？ 2. may / might have done may / might have done：过去可能做了某事，may 比 might 表示可能性稍大些。 may/might not have done过去可能没有做某事： I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。 John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad. 约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。

一般现在时的讲解及用法

亠般现在时的讲解及用法、定义与讲解 1定义：一般现在时，表示经常性的事情，经常性的动作或一般性事实 2, 只有在第三人称单数用动词的三单变化”其他用动词的原形。注：1）第一人称（I，we）第二人称（you）第三人称（He,She,they,it, 所有的名字名称）单数（一个人或事物）复数（两个或两个以上的人或事物）第三人称单数（第三方的单个的人或事物，除了 they） 2）三单变化多数在动词（不是名词）后+ s eg: play — plays like — likes （1）直接在动词词尾加-s. ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays （2）以字母s, x, ch, sh 或o结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass-passes （3）以辅音字母加-y ”结尾的动词，要先变y为i再加-es.（辅音字母：除 a,e,i,o,u 这5个元音字母外的21个字母都是辅音字母；元音字母力卩-y : stay--stays play--plays say--says buy--buys 辅音字母力卩-y:try---tries study-studies cry---cries fly---flies 二、一般现在时的用法 1, 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every day, sometimes, at …,on Sun day，usually, once a week I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2, 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 The earth goes around the sun. 3，表示格言或警句中。 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

一般将来时用法及专项练习

一般将来时用法及专项练习一、一般将来时的动词形式一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成，shall用于第一人称，will用于第二、三人称。但是现在第一人称一般也用will，其区别并不明显。（或“be going to + 动词原形）常与tomorrow, next… , in （the）future，soon, in five days，in two weeks等连用。如: I shall not come if it rains tomorrow.如明天下雨我就不来。 My father will leave for China next week.我的爸爸下星期要到中国去。 “I’ll, You’ll, He’ll , She’ll , It’ll, We’ll , They’ll …”是简缩形式。二．一般将来时的句型 1.肯定句：主语+shall /will+动词+其他成份 The workers will build a new school here next year.工人们明年将在这儿盖一所新学校。 They will go shopping this afternoon. 今天下午他们将要去购物。 We shall have a delicious dinner tonight. 今晚我们将美餐一顿。 We shall be there before dark. 我们天黑前会到达那里。 2.否定句：主语+shall /will not+动词+其他成份 She won’t come back this week.这一周她不回来了。 I will not go shopping one hour later. 一小时之后我不会去购物。 He won’t play football with you before he finishes his work.他干完活后才能跟你踢足球。 3.疑问句：shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Will you be back in ten minutes? 十分钟后你会回来吗？ Will you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗？ Shall we get something hot to drink? 我们喝一些热饮怎么样？ 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+shall /will+主语+动词+其他成份 Where will you go next week? 下星期你去哪? What shall I do? 我怎么办呢? How many books will they get? 他们将有多少本书？三．will, be going to …, be to…, be about to…的区别 1.be going to +不定式，表示将来。表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事。be going to和will相比，be going to通常表示主观，will 通常表示客观。 What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要做什么？ Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看看这些黑云，将有一场暴风雨。 It’s going to be a fine day tomorrow.明天将会是个好天。 It is going to rain. 要下雨了。 2.“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。这种结构表示计划中约定的或按职责、义务要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。 We are to have a meeting next Saturday. 下个周日我们有个会。 The boy is to go to school tomorrow. 这个男孩明天要去上学。 Are we to go on with this work? 我们继续干吗？ The president is to visit China next week.总统下周来访中国。 3.“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。这一结构用于表示客观就要发生的事，表示马上就要发生。一般不再与时间状语连用。 Don’t go out. We’re about to have a meeting. 别出去了,我们很快就开会了。 I was about to start when it began to rain.我刚要出发就下起雨来了。 He is about to leave for Shenyang.他将要离开去沈阳。 We are about to leave. 我们马上就走。 The film is about to begin. 电影马上就要开始了。四．注意事项 1. be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。 2. Let’s …的附加疑问通常使用“…, shall we ?”。 Let’s have a rest, shall we? 3. 问句是“Shall…?”，答句就用“shall ~”；问句用“Will …？”，答句就用“will ~ ”。要前后保持一致。 Shall you go to school next week ? Yes, I shall. We’ll have an exam . Will you have an exam tomorrow? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. 一般将来时专项练习一、单项选择。 ( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be ( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month. A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work ( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be ( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be ( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? –No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be ( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give ( ) 7. –Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。） A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please. ( ) 8. –Where is the morning paper? –I ________ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get ( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are ( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have ( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving ( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote ( ) 13. He ________ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back ( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating. A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析一、初中英语现在完成时 1．—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的，它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ，可知用现在完成时，have/has been done，故选A。【点评】考查现在完成时，注意识记其标志词。 2．Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生，但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时，瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用，故用延续性动词be。故选D。【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3．—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你好，Tom！你曾经去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句，排除C。have been to+地点名词，去过某地，去了并且回来了；have gone to+地点名词，去了某地，去了还没有回来，在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了，故选A。【点评】考查短语辨析，注意平时识记其区别，理解句意。 4．——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A

could have done 用法

could have done 用法 1.表示主观猜测：即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测，通常可译为“可能（已经)”，有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如： Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday. 有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了，昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。 We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money. 我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱，因为他没钱。该用法也可将could换成can，但这只限于否定句和疑问句，因为can表推测时不用于肯定句（而could 可以用于肯定句）。如： Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗？ They can’t have gone out because the light’s on. 他们不可能出去了，因为灯还亮着。 2.表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如： The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident. 最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。 I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。有时用于反语。如： You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了—— 你得了吧，就那我自己也会弄。 3.表示未实现的可能性：即表示过去本来可能发生情况，而实际上没有发生，通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如： She could have been seriously injured. 她本来可能伤得很重的。 It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse. 这事情够困难的了，本来可能会更糟呢。有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”，尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如： She felt miserable. She could have cried. 她感到很痛苦，她差点哭了。 Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢？好在没有砸伤人。 4.表示未曾实现的想法：即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图，但实际上没有实现，通常译为“本来可以”。如： I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me? 我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出？ I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的，但是我认为你太自负了。 5.表示未曾实现的选择：即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事，但实际上没有那样做，通常译为“本来可以”。如： You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 你没必要打两遍的，你当时本可以用复写纸打。 You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift. 你没必要走着上去，你本来可以乘电梯的。 6.表示批评或责备：即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的，但实际上却没有做成，含有批评和责备的意味，通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如： You could have started a little earlier. 你本可早点动身的。 You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢? 7.表示可能达到的极限：表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事，但还是未能做成，通常用于否定句。如： I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race. 反正我也赢不了，所以我就没有参加赛跑。

英语一般将来时用法总结(完整)

英语一般将来时用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择一般将来时 1．Peace is necessary to all. After all, it is the United States and China, as the two largest economies in the world, that ________ most from a peaceful and stable Asia-Pacific. A．are benefited B．will benefit C．will be benefited D．had benefited 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：根据语境“美国和中国将受益于一个和平稳定的亚太地区”可知该句要用一般将来时，故选B。考点：考查时态 2．--- I’d like a mountain bike which ____ well? --- Will this one _____? A．rides; work B．rides; do C．is ridden; do D．is ridden; work 【答案】B 【解析】试题分析：考查主动形式表示被动含义用法。一些不及物动词与副词连用，表示主语的特征。如wash well，write well等；用主动形式表示被动的含义。本句中的ride well指自行车好骑；第二空的do表示行。句意：—我想买一辆很好骑的山地车。—这个行吗？根据句意说明B正确。考点：考查主动形式表示被动含义的用法。点评：。一些不及物动词与副词连用，表示主语的特征。如wash well，write well等；用主动形式表示被动的含义。 3．It every day so far this month. I can't tell you if it tomorrow. A．rained; rains B．is raining; shall rain C．has been raining; rains D．has rained; will rain 【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：本题第一空应该使用现在完成式，关键词是后面的时间状语so far(到目前为止)，so far通常都是和现在完成时连用。第二空是一个if引导的宾语从句，并非if引导的条件句，在这个宾语从句中，时间状语是tomorrow，这是一个将来时的时间状语，故该宾语从句使用将来时。句义：这个月到现在为止天天都在下雨，所以我无法告诉你明天是否还要要下雨。故D正确。考点：考察时态 4．What you learn today ______ of practical use when you hunt for a job. A．is proved B．proves C．will be proved D．will prove

英语三种主要完成时的用法总结及练习题培训课件

英语三种主要完成时的用法总结及练习题

一.现在完成时的构成: have(has)+done 二.现在完成时的主要用法: I.“已完成”用法 :表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。 1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等不确定的时间状语连用。 2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。 I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没找到这支笔） She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师） II.“未完成”用法。表示动作或状态从过去某时开始，持续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。如today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，since，since yesterday，since 2 days ago，since 1991，for a long time，for a month，so far，up to now，till（until） now等。 He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿） III.经验性用法:表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。常与频度副词如often,always,every week,twice等连用。 I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。 He has always said so.他总是这么说. 三.现在完成时的时间状语 I现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。 a.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。 b.用ever和never.多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。 d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如now,today,this morning(month,year,term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。

不定式完成式to have done用法

情态动词+have done用法 1. Something may have happened to her. 她可能发生了什么事情。 She might have had an accident. 她或许遭受了意外. So she must have taken that too. 因此，她肯定把它也带走了。 1) 这三句话都用了“情态动词＋不定式的完成时”，表示对发生过的事作某种猜测、推测。 (1) must have done 可用来对某件过去的事情作肯定推测，表示“一定已经，想必已经”做过某事，用于肯定的陈述句中。否定句中用can't have done。 She must have received the parcel, I sent it by registered post. 她一定已经收到包裹了，我是用挂号寄的。 (2) may have done, might have done, could have done “可能做过某事”，就语气而言could have done 所表的可能性更小些。 He may / might / could have left by nine. 他可能于九点前已离去。 (3) should have done / ought to have done表示“本该做某事”但实际未做。 I should / ought to have left London before nine but I didn't. 我本该在九点以前离开伦敦，但是我没有。 (4) shouldn't have done / oughtn't to have done 表示“本不该做事”，但实际上又做了。 He shouldn't / oughtn't to have left London before nine but he did. 他本不该在九点前离开伦敦，但是他离开了。 (5) can't / couldn't have done 表否定推测，“不可能做过某事”。 She can't / couldn't have gone to bed, for the light in her room is still on. 她不可能上床睡觉了，因为她房间的灯还亮着。 (6) could have done 可表示客观上“本来能做某事但实际上没做”。 He could have finished the work in time but he didn't work hard. 他本来可以按时干完活的，但他没有卖力。 (7) needn't have done 表示客观上“本不必做某事但实际上又做了”。 I needn't have gone to the office yesterday (but I went there). 昨天我没必要去办公室（但我却去了）。 (8) might have done 还可表示过去“本可能发生但实际上没有发生的动作”。用于表示说话人对已发生的事提出批评或意见。 He might have given more help, even though he was very busy. 即使他很忙，也可以多帮点忙。情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ 动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。一、在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构shouldn't have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构oughtn't to have done 表示“过去本不该做某事却做了。” 3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构needn't have done 表示

一般现在时用法

般现在时讲解与练习一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能 1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue. 2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如如: I get up at six every day. 一般现在时的构成 1. be 动词：主语＋be(am,is,are) ＋其它。如： I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 2. 行为动词：主语＋行为动词＋其它。如： We study En glish.我们学习英语。【注】当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it )时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化 1. be动词的变化。否定句：主语be＋not ＋其它。如口：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be＋主语＋其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.

非凡疑问句：疑问词＋一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2. 行为动词的变化。 ①否定句：主语+ do n't( does n't ) + 动词原形(其它)。如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does n't构成否定句。如： He does n't ofte n play. ②一般疑问句：Do（ Does ）+主语 +动词原形+ 其它。如： -Do you ofte n play football? -Yes, I do. / No, I don't. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。一般现在时态练习题 I. 写出下列动词的相应形式： 1. 第三人称单数： wash ________ match _______ guess _____ s tudy ______ finish ________ go ________ s now _____ carry _________ 一般现在时用法专练（A） □.按照要求改写句子。 1. Daniel watches TV every evening.（改为否定句） Daniel _________ ___________ T V every evening. 2. I do my homework every day .（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答）

一般将来时用法小结

一般将来时用法小结：一般将来时表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。一 . 一般将来时的构成： 1. 由助动词“ shall/ will ＋动词原形”构成， shall 用于第一人称， will 用于第二、第三人称， 2. 一般将来时的否定和疑问形式：一般将来时的否定形式是 will not ，缩写为 won't; shall not ，缩写为 shan't 。一般将来时的疑问形式是把 will/ shall 提到主语前。如： He won’t go to the park this Sunday. 本周日他不去公园。 Will you go swimming with me? 和我一起去游泳好吗？二 . 一般将来时的基本用法： 1.表示“纯粹的将来”：①表示将要发生的动作或情况，常带有表示将来的时间状语，如 tomorrow, next week, in two days, from now on 等。如： It will be fine tomorrow.明天天气晴朗。②表示预料将要发生的动作或情况。如：You will feel better after having this medicine. 吃了这药，你就会感觉好些的。③表示由于习惯倾向而会经常发生的动作，本用法中的 will 要重读。如： Boys will be boys. ［谚语］男孩毕竟是男孩。 2. 表示“带有情态意义的将来”，用来表示意图，用 will 来表示。如： I will be more careful next time. 下次我要更加小心。 I won't go shopping this afternoon, but she will. 今天下午我不想去购物，但她想去。 will 在疑问句中，用来表示有礼貌地征询对方的意见。如：Will you have some more tea? 要不要再喝点茶？What shall we do this weekend? 本周末我们要干什么？三 . 一般将来时的其它几种表示法： 1. 用 be going to 表示be going to 相当于一个助动词，与其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语，表

现在完成时用法

现在完成时(1) 基本结构：肯定句: have/has+过去分词(done)+其他否定句：have+not/haven’t +过去分词(done) +其他 has+not/ hasn’t+过去分词(done) +其他一般疑问句及回答：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 Yes, 主语+have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定) 一、表示在过去不确定的时间里发生的对现在造成影响的动作或结果。 I have already spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了) Guo zijun has just come. (含义：郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) 过去分词 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2、不规则动词： do---did---done go---went---gone come---came---come have---had---had see---saw---seen be---was/were---been

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