研究生基础综合英语unit7期末考试复习资料

Unit 7 练习Title The Cult of Celebrity Professors

Structure two

celebrities

Stephen

Ambrose

He was an arguably America’s favorite historian. Five of his books

consist of 1. from other historians.

Doris

Kearns

Goodwin

Her solution to the plagiarism charges against her has arguably

been 2. the charges themselves. One of her chief

victims 3. so that it was quietly mollified.

4.

hurled at

celebrity

professors

Take compulsive lying. Joseph Ellis told the students that he had fought in

Vietnam when the closest he came to combat was sitting in a university library.

5. Professor Paul Krugman had received ＄37,500 from

Enron when he savaged the Bush administration for its links to the energy firm.

Take general flatulence. Larry Summers and Cornel West had 6. ,

which alerted the world to the latter’s recent work.

two big

arguments

7.

those what

so-called

celebrities

do

1. They help to 8. ideas. They give educated laypeople a chance to get

their information from real authorities rather than mere journalists.

2. They help to retain 9. in academia.

Conclusi on The honest celebrity professors promote the development of the society by spreading academic research output. The dishonest minority pay for their sins at the cost of 10. .

Reference answers:

1. extensive ―borrowings‖

2. worse than

3. was paid money

4. other/three charges

5. take hypocrisy

6. a squabble

7. in favor of 8. circulate 9. talented people

10. their cherished reputations

The Cult of Celebrity Professors

—Celebrity professors are a good thing. Really!

Few species have as many natural enemies as the celebrity professor. Other academics envy their money and fame; journalists dislike their cleverer-than-thou airs; and everybody hates their determination to have it all—the security of academic tenure and the glitz of media stardom. So these are happy days for the rest of us. Plagiarism, lying, waffle-mongering: hardly a week goes by without some academic celebrity or other biting the dust, his reputation in __⑴__.

Stephen Ambrose was arguably America’s favorite historian, a man who wrote bestsellers faster than most people read them. An __⑵__of Hollywood blockbusters, he can also claim credit __⑶__ two of the best presidential biographies around, on Eisenhower and Nixon. But it now turns out that five of his books contain extensive ―borrowings‖ from other historians. (―I’m not writing a PhD‖, he has offered as an explanation—an unsurprising claim, as he would not get one for somebo dy else’s work.)

Mr. Ambrose must be grateful that attention has shifted to __⑷__ cutter and paster, Doris Kearns Goodwin. She was a fixture on American television, always ready with a telling anecdote on, say, Lyndon Johnson (whom she knew) or Abraham Lincoln (the subject of her next blockbuster).Her handling of the plagiarism charges against her has arguably been worse than the charges themselves. In the last 1980s she quietly mollified one of her chief victims, paying her some money. Now she explains her behavior by the fact __⑸__ she relied on handwritten notes—something other historians have managed to do without such dire consequences. Amazingly, Ms. Goodwin remains on Harvard’s board of overseers, despite the fact that she committed sins that might get an undergraduate expelled.

The hunt is now on for the next serial plagiarist. __⑹__, other charges are also being hurled at celebrity professors.

Take compulsive lying. Joseph Ellis, the author of a first-rate study of the Founding Fathers, told the students that he had fought in Vietnam when the closest he came to combat was sitting in a university library. Or take hypocrisy. Paul Krugman, a professor of __⑺__ at Princeton University, used his column in the New York Times to Savage the Bush administration for its links to Enron, when the fearless professor had himself received ＄37,500 from the energy firm. Or take general flatulence. A squabble between Larry Summers, Harvard’s combative new president, and Cornel West, a professor of black students , alerted the world to the latter’s recent work, which turns __⑻__ to be a mixture of post-structuralist mumbo-jumbo, religious rhetoric and rap music. More should be expected from one of only 17 people to hold the exalted title of university professor at Harvard.

Is this a case of a few bad apples? In public intellectual (Harvard University Press) Richard Posner, a federal judge, argues that it is the whole barrel. Although the book looks at all sorts of thinkers(not just whorish academics),Mr. Posner suggests that celebrity professors __⑼__ their influence to a fraud. They build their reputations tilling some minuscule academic field, and then pontificate on Charlie Rose about everything under the sun.

All true. Yet the judge, himself a leading intellectual for hire, is a little too harsh. Each celebrity professor may be a nauseous beast. Yet there are two big arguments in __⑽__ of what they do. Most obviously, they help to circulate ideas. They give educated laypeople a chance to get their information from real authorities rather than mere journalists. They give universities a chance to pay back some of their debt to the soc ieties that nurture them. The fact that America’s bestseller lists feature works written by academic authorities __⑾__ the ghost-written memoirs and celebrity suck-up jobs should be cause for rejoicing.

The second point is that they help to keep talented people in academia. Some noble souls will always be willing to put up with low salaries in exchange for a chance to pursue the truth :it is hard to imagine John Rawls hustling for a bit of extra cash. But others are inevitably attracted to money and bright lights. A __⑿__ of moonlighting is a relatively easy way for universities to keep some of their smarter faculty happy.

What about the costs of this moonlighting? Don’t academic superstars short-change their universities? Well, a bit. Yet the ostentatiously ludicrous Mr. West has undoubtedly helped to attract bright students to Harvard in the same way that those rather __⒀__ serious once did. Surveys suggest that academics who engage in outside activities are actually more likely to do their share of te aching than those who don’t. Besides, the link between popular success and lower academic standards is not sharp. Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin both started ―borrowing‖ other people’s work before they hit the big time.

Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia is not celebrity professors but hyper-specialization. Academics have a bit of crawling along the frontier of knowledge with a magnifying glass, blind to the wide vistas opening up before them, and often reducing the most engaging __⒁__ to tedious debates about methodology. By looking at the big picture, populists restore the excitement of intellectual life. Who has done more for literary studies in the United States: Harold Bloom or the thousands of post-structuralists and their insufferable conferences? Who has more to advance the understanding of American business: Peter Drucker, who has never been employed by an Ivy League university, or the entire list of contributors to the Journal of Supply Chain Management?

And the market does work. The same media machine that turned Mr. Ambrose and Ms. Goodwin into superstars is now trashing their reputations. The honest majority of celebrity professors improve the world by __⒂__ the fruits of academic research. The dishonest minority pay for their sins with the loss of their cherished reputations.

1. A. ruin B. destroy C. tatters D. damage

2. A. inspirer B. aspirer C. inspiration D. aspiration

3. A. to B. of C. about D. for

4. A. another B. other C. the other D. others

5. A. which B. that C. what D. how

6. A. Therefore B. However C. Meanwhile D. Nerveless

7. A. economy B. economics C. economical D. economically

8. A. out B. over C. in D. up

9. A. owed B. owing C. owe D. own

10. A. addition B. favor C. help D. account

11. A. in B. between C. from D. amongst

12. A. bit B. lot C. few D. little

13. A. many B. much C. more D. most

14. A. objects B. subjects C. objective D. subjective

15. A. radiating B. transmitting C. spreading D. diffusing

答案：1~5 CBDAB 6~10 CBACB 11~15 DACBC

Unit7 Text A

Cloze

Sometimes, celebrity professors are not a good thing. They are __1___by many people, such as academics, journalists. For example, Stephen Ambrose, who was one of the America’s favorite __2___.B ut now it turns out that five of his books contain extensive __3_____from other historians. Mr. Ambrose who __4___one of her chief victims in the last 1980s, paying her some money.

However, the hunt is now on for the next serial plagiarist. These celebrity professors have three____5_. First, take compusive__6__. Second, take __7__. Third, take general__8___. Is this a case of a few bad apples ? A feeder judge argues that it is the whole _9___. However, each celebrity professor may be a nauseous bast, yet there are two big ____10in favor of what they do . First ,they help to ___11_.Second ,they help to keep___12_people in academia.

Fundamentally, the besetting sin of American academia is not celebrity professors but ___13_.And the market does work .The honest majority of celebrity professors improve the world by _14__ the fruits of academic research .The __15__ minority pay for their sins with the loss of their cherished reputations.

答案：

1.disliked

2.historian

3.borrowing

4.mollifide

5.chargs

6.lying

7.hypocrisy

8.flatulence

9.barrel 10.arguments 11.circulate 12.talented

13.hyper—specialization 14.spreading 15.dishonest

What’s wrong with copying?

----Charges of plagiarism are flying in the world of books. Where does borrowing end and theft begin? Though disputed, there is a difference.

Every one knows the feeling. In a timely flash, the perfect quip forms in the mind and rolls onto the tongue. You deliver it to the table, and wait for the gasps or guffaws. In the silence that follows a dry violence says instead,‖ Yes I read it too.‖

Authors have to wait longer to find out that their words are not theirs alon e. But‖ unconscious borrowing‖, as critics call such silent plunder, is common among writers, even the best of them. Perhaps because night-foraging by the imagination is so vital to literature, good

writers react warily when, as now, chargers of plagiarism fly. Though naturally eager to protect their own published words, and not above a malicious smile or two when others get caught, most authors recognize that this is boggy ground. Between imitation and theft, between borrowing and plagiarism, lies a wide, murky borderland.

Since proving plagiarism is hard, legal redress is normally an expensive dream. The most that aggrieved authors can catch on is to shame the wrongdoer. But sham means attention, and attention brings sales. Recently, Ben Okri, a Nigerian-born novelist, claimed that Calixthe Beyala, a French one, lifted whole chunks of his 1991 Booker-winning novel, for her bestsellers. Plagiarism means copying

delicately the exact words. His were English, hers French. Showing that a plundered book is not the only source is also a defense. On the advice of lawyers, he has dropped his case against her, and in effect the affair has died.

The personal vendetta carries different risks, as Neal Bowers, a wronged poet and teacher at Iowa State University, recounts in words

for the taking: The Hunt for the plagiarist. One day, Mr. Bowers got a fax from California of a page from a poetry magazine containing, under the name of David Jones, a slightly altered version of a poem he had written for his dead father. Worse, he learned, had plagiarized other poets. Some editors sympathized; others did not bother even to respond. Mr. Bowers became, on his own admission, obsessed. He lost

friends. But in the end he found the plagiarist, through a lawyer, only to be offered $100 in compensation, and a whining apology.

Copyright and self-defense are not the only protection for authors. Humble readers are among their best police. The border between theft and borrowing is also vigilantly patrolled by scholars. John Frow, a university professor in Australia, has charged Graham Swift with

pillaging William Faulkner. According to Mr. Frow , Last Orders, which won Mr. Swift last year’s Booker prize , takes liberally from the theme and the fictional devices of As I Lay Dying .Its topic—how people dispose of the dead—is the same . Faulkner’s book has a one-sentence chapter, a chapter with itemized points and different speaking voices in different chapters. So dose Last Orders. That is not plagiarism, Mr. Frow argues, but ―imitation‖. Mr. Swift’s fault, he suggests, is not to have made an explicit nod to the grand old man from Oxford, Mississippi.

But there speaks a professor. Novelists are not bound by rules of doctoral quotation. The charge by Richard pipes that Orlando Figes

pinched finding of his without due mention has provoked a quarrel between these two well—known historians of Russia. But theirs is not a row-over literary plagiarism .The allusion of novelists and poets are different from academic citations. When T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound freighted their verse with learned listings from across the planet, they called it ―collage‖. Eliot did at times give sources but was laughed at

for pretentiousness. In his Cantos, Pound seldom bothered to mention whose fusty trunk he was happily ransacking.

Where, then, dose honest allusion, which authors want readers to catch, stop and sly thievery begin? Samuel Fuller, an American film director, put it well when he said of admiring French new-wave film makers, ―They steal from us and call it homage.‖ Questions of imitation, unflagged quotation and borrowing, unconscious or not, lead straight to the middle of the middle of the boy. Between mortal pedantry and wet indulgence, is there safe ground?

Intention has a lot to with it. Poets, especially, are prone to unwitting copying since verse has mnemonic properties that prose does not possess. Thom Gunn, reading poems of his in London two years ago: ―my greatest fear is that I will discover or, worse, that s omeone else will point out to me---that I have s tolen another man’s words, thinking them my own.

Plagiarists, like forgers, have guilty intent, but of interestingly different kinds. An infamous early 20-century faker such as Hans van

Meegeren wanted his paintings taken for Vermeer’s. A plagiarist, by contrast, tries to pass off another writer’s words as his own. Forgers sin against authenticity, plagiarists against originality.

There are copying traditions in which originality and its cousin, diversity, are not only not celebrated but positively frowned on. Sacred literature, with its frozen, canonical texts, is an obvious example. But originality and variety have always been prized in western writing, burden that they are on authors. Copyright laws date from the spread of the printed book in the 16th century. But interest in authorship is ancient. All writers hate Homer, because Homer said everything first. Martial, a Latin poet and lewd gag-writer, likened his words to slaves, and an author who had stolen them to a plagiarist, or abductor. Varro, a schol ar and friend of Cicero’s, stripped the number of plays by Plautus from 130 to less than two dozen.

Most readers want a personal voice, hopefully one that belongs to someone who has read, thought and imagined a lot. People are maybe more knowing nowadays a bout how certain ―personal voices‖ come into being. Authors have editors; they have co-authors and ghost-writers, not to mention models and literary godparents to borrow from. But the idea—or idea –of poems and novels as unique, personal creations is still essential.

It is not hard to imagine two extreme sorts of writing where literary communication has broken down. One is so private, so personal and so original as to be hermetic and unintelligible. The other is so repetitive, mechanical and clichéd as to be empty. Between them is a pool of shared references and allusions fed by writers, but also by readers. Plagiarists drain the pool; borrowers put back what they take—though not necessarily in the same place.

1. His success doesn’t ____ his cleverness. Hard working ____ progress.

A. lie on … lead to

B. lead to … leads to

C. lead to … lie in

D. lie in … leads to

2. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.

A. guilt

B. charge

C. blame

D. accusation

3. The issue is how to _______ of radioactive waste.

A. deal

B. dispose

C. disposal

D. do

4. Modern forms of transportation and communication have done much to ________ the isolation of life in Alaska.

A. break through

B. break down

C. break into

D. break out

5. I must ask the readers' kind______ for any inaccuracies and omissions that may possibly occur.

A. endurance

B. insurance

C. inducement D indulgent

6. The fisherman, _____ poor, could not buy another boat.

A. is

B. was

C. being

D. been

7. Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?

A. by which

B. that

C. in where

D. where

8. Alice was very sorry to hear that her grandmother had _____ two days before.

A. broken off

B. passed off

C. given away

D. passed away

9. ______ the look on his face, he doesn't quite understand what the speaker is saying.

A. To judge by

B. Judge by

C. Judging by

D. Judged by

10. On no account ______ be removed from the library.

A. reference books may

B. may reference books

C. reference books can't

D. reference books

参考答案：1-5 D C B A D 6-10 C B D D B

Fast reading

1、What dose this passage mainly talk about？

A、The negative effect of plagiarism.

B、The phenomenon of copying.

C、The relationship between borrowing and plagiarism.

D、The ur gency to protect writers’ privacy.

2、What dose ―plagiarism‖ mean in the first line？

A、borrowing

B、reference

C、imitation

D、theft

3、Which can protect authors besides copyright and self-defense?

A. humble readers

B. publishing company

C. other authors

D. newspaper office

4、Who was laughed at for giving due mention of quotation?

A. Richard pipes

B. Orlando Figes

C. T.S. Eliot

D. Ezra Pound

5、Who are especially prone to unwitting copying?

A. prosers

B. Novelists

C. historians

D. poets

6、What’s the difference between plagiarists’ motive and forgers’ motive?

A. Plagiarists violate authenticity, forgers destroy originality.

B. Plagiarists want others to regard their works as th ose done by masters; forgers try to take others’ works as their own.

C. Forgers violate authenticity, plagiarists destroy originality.

D. They all want to take others’ works as their own.

7、What made the literary communication gradually decline ?

A. Writers try their best to repeat mechanically all the way.

B. Writers always use allusions.

C. Writers pursue personality and originality.

D. Some writers advocate creativity, some always made clichés.

8、_______ most authors are naturally eager to protect their own published words recognize that _______ is boggy ground.

9、Mr. Frow argues that Mr. Swift’s fault in his imitation is that_______.

10、In western writing , people always lay emphasis on ______.

1、C

2、D

3、A

4、C

5、D

6、C

7、D

8、Though；plagiarism

9、he didn’t make an explicit nod to the grand old man

10、originality and variety

Vocabulary and grammar

1、Which of the following best explains the word ―warily‖ in paragraph 2？

A、careless

B、cautious

C、interested

D、excited

2、According to paragraph 3,which of the following sentence is right？

A、A plundered book is not only the source, but also a defense.

B、Showing a plundered book is not only the source, but also a defense.

C、Showing that a plundered book is not the only source is a defense.

D、The showings in a plundered book is not the only source for defense.

3、What dose ―vendetta‖ mean in paragraph 4？

A、fight

B、description

C、understanding

D、demonstration

4、Which can replace the word ―vigilantly‖ in paragraph 5?

A、carefully

B、carelessly

C、optionally

D、casualty

5、What does ―collage‖, the way T.S. Eliot and Ezra Pound writing their poems, mean?

A. read verses loudly

B. piece together

C. write short verses

D. illustrate the verses

6、Which of the following is false according to the text?

A. John Frow, a university professor in Australia, has charged Graham Swift with pillaging William Faulkner.

B. The charge by Richard pipes that Orlando Figes pinched finding of his without due mention has provoked a quarrel between these two well—known historians of Russia.

C. Samuel Fuller, an American film director, put it well when he said of admiring French new-wave film makers, ―They steal from us and call it homage.‖

D. Thom Gunn said that his greatest fear is that I will discover or, worse, that someone else will point out to me---that another man has stolen my words, thinking them their own.

7、Which does the word ― strip ‖ in paragraph 10?

A. take

B. decrease

C. increase

D. drip

8、what does the word ―unintelligible ‖ refer to ?

A. esoteric

B. easy to understand

C. hermetic

D. unintelligent.

9、Which word can replace the word ‖infamous‖ ?

A. well-known

B. notorious

C. renowned

D. ordinary

10、There are copying traditions _______originality and its cousin, diversity, are not only not celebrated but positively frowned on.

A. which

B. that

C. in which

D. as

1-5 BCAAB 6-10 DBABC

Fast-reading:

1. What’s the effect of the sec ond paragraph?

A. To tell a story.

B. To explain a fact in people’s daily life.

C. To make a comparison between telling jokes and the copying so as to introduce the theme of the text.

D. To attract the readers’ attention and interest.

2. Why does the autho r say that protecting the writer’s own published words is the boggy ground in para.3?

A. There lies a wild, murky borderland between imitation and theft, borrowing and plagiarism.

B. Authors have to wait longer to find out that their words are not theirs alone.

C. Authors don’t want to punish the copier or the ―theft‖.

D. The authors have no idea about the law of intellectual property protection and copyright.

3.Why does the author say that ―legal redress is normally an expensive dream‖?

A. The court or the judge doesn’t want to be in charge of the disputes.

B. Proving plagiarism is very difficult.

C. The copier or the theft threatens the author with force or violence.

D. The authors aren’t willing to pay administrative punishment to the copier according to the law.

4. For the author, what are their protections?

A. Copyright

B. Self-defense

C. Humble readers

D. All of the above

5. Which of the sentence about the difference between forgers sin and plagiarists is true?

A. Forgers sin against originality.

B. Forgers sin against authenticity.

C. Plagiarists against tradition.

D. Plagiarists against authenticity.

6. According to the text, which one of the following is especially prone to unwitting copying?

A. Novelist

B. Essayist

C. Poet

D. Dramatist

7. ______Contributes a lot to honest allusion into sly thievery?

A.Method

B. Intention

C. Content

D. Reason

8. ______have always been prized in western writing?

Authenticity B.Imagination C. Diversity D. Originality and variety

9. What is the essential to the unique idea of poems and novels?

A. Models and literary godparents

B. Editors

C. Co-authors and ghost-writers

D. Personal creations

10. There is /are ______extreme sorts of writing where literary communication have broken down.

A. Two

B. three

C. One

D. four

参考答案：1-5 C A B D B 6-10 C B D D A

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)

研究生-基础综合英语-单词整理

Unit1 1.semiliterate:a.semi-educated;having only an elementary level of reading and writing ability半文盲的，有初等文化的semi-:half or partly 2.dropout:n.a personwho leavesschool before finishing a course（尤指中学的）退学学生 3.do-gooder:n.sb.who does things that they think will help other people,although the other people might not find their actions helpful一个总是试着帮助别人的人（通常是贬义）；不实际的社会改革家（指幼稚的理想主义者，支持善心或博爱的事件的改革者） 4.impediment:n.obstacles,barriers妨碍，阻止，阻碍，阻挡 5.trump card:anything decisiveheld in reservefor useat a critical time王牌 6.charmer:n.a personwho hasgood qualities that make you like him/her讨人喜欢的人，有魅力的人，有迷惑力的人（尤指迷人的女人） 7.get by:to be able to deal with a situation with difficulty,usually by having just enoughof sth.you need,suchas money过得去 8.settledown:to becomequiet and calm（使）安静下来；平息 9.flunk:v.to fail an exam or courseof study不及格 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/7613260452.html,posure:n.calmnessandcontrol平静；镇静；沉着 11.parade:n.a seriesof peopleor things that appearone after the other 12.at stake:to be won or lost;risked受到威胁，面临危险 13.sail:v.to move quickly and effortlessly投入 14.testimony:n.spokenor written statementthat sth.is true证词，证明 15.conspiracy:n.act of joint planning of a crime阴谋，共谋 16.doom:v.to makesb.or sth.certain to do or experiencesth.unpleasant注定 17.follow through:to continue a stroke,motion,plan,or reasoningthrough to the end 将动作、计划等进行到底 18.I flunked my secondyearexamsandwas lucky not to be thrown out of college. 19.The managementdid not seemto consideroffice safetyto be a priority. 20.Thousandsof lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon. 21.I think therewas a conspiracy to keep me out of the committee. Unit2 1.propose:v.[to sb.]to aska personto marry one提亲；求婚 2.knockoff:n.a copy or reproduction of a designetc.esp.one madeillegally假货；赝品 3.Windex:v.to clean with a kind of detergentby the brand of Windex用Windex牌清洁剂清洗 4.takethe plunge:to take a decisive first step,commit oneself irrevocably to a course of action冒险尝试 5.bridesmaid:n.a girl or unmarried woman attending the bride at a wedding女傧相；伴娘 6.maid of honor:a principal bridesmaid女傧相

研究生基础综合英语复习范围

第一单元 妨碍impediment初等文化者semiliterate中途,缀学dropout空想家do-gooder有魅力charmer 钢铁般steely 使不及格flunk 冷静compose 游行parade 阴谋conspiracy 证词，证言testimony 学术生涯academic life 危险at stake 度过get by 坚持follow through 安定settle down 毕业证书diploma 王牌trump card 1. This research seems to lend some validity （有力的）to the theory that the drug might cause cancer. 2」n a number of developing countries ,war has been an additional impediment （障碍）to progress . 3. A nthe was about to play her trump card （王牌卡），without her sig nature none of the money could be released . 4.1 flunked （挂科）my second year exams and was lucky not to be thrown out of college . 5.1 did not want to lose my composure （镇静）in front of her . 6. The man ageme nt did not seem to con sider office safety to be a priority （优先） 7. For three hours a committee of state sen ators liste ned to a parade （一系歹U） of local reside nts givi ng their opinions. 8. Thousa nds of lives will be at stake （在危机关头）if emerge ncy aid does not arrive in the city soon. 9. Brierley's book has the merit（优点）of being both information and readable . 10.1 think there was a conspiracy （阴谋）to keep me out of the committee . 1、Our youngest ,a world-class charmer ,did little to develop his intellectual talents but always get by . Un it Mrs Stifter. 我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关，知道施蒂夫特夫人当 了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变。 2、Of average intelligenee or better ,they eventually quit school ,concluding they were dumb to finish . 这些学生的智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨了，学不下去了。 3、No one seems to stop to think that —no matter what environments they come from —most kids do not put school first on their list uni ess they perceive someth ing is at stake, They had rather be saili ng. 似乎没有人停下来想想看，无论孩子们来自何种环境，他们当中大多数若不是发现情况到了 危急关头，才不会把功课当作头等大事呢，他们宁可混日子。 4、Young people gen erally do not have the maturity to value educati on in the same way my adult stude nts value it. 年轻人往往不够成熟，不能够像我的成人学生们那样去重视教育。 5、It is an expressi on of con fide nee by both teachers and pare nts that the stude nts have the ability to lear n the material prese nted to them .

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

(完整word版)研究生英语综合教程上部分课后题答案及翻译

Unite 1 P15 1.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate/alleviate(减轻，降低) that risk.作为一个未来的员工,你的工作是帮助招聘经理降低风险。 2.You need help them identify(认定，认同) you as prospective/expected(预期的，未来的) “key player”.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone/surpassed(优于,超过) every other player on the field.凯利非常出色，胜过了球场上所有其他球员。 4.Better still,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates/originates(发动，创建) collaborations.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人。 5.He is a former scientist who transitioned/transferred(转变，改变) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.他之前是一名科学家，许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级经理的职位。 6.The unions mobilized/organized(组织) thousands of workers in a protest(抗议，游行) against the cuts.协合会组织了一场数以千计的工人游行来抗议裁员。 7.This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions/beliefs(信念). act on ones convictions 按某人的想法行事。 这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己想法行事的人们提出了要求。 8.His speech was made with such great ambiguity/vagueness(不清楚) that neither supporter nor opponent(反对者) could be certain of his true position.他的演讲有许多疑点，既没有支持者也没有反对者来肯定他的立场。 9.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize(优先处理) his or her relationship assets/advantages(资源，优势) above their technical assets.想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。 10.This approach, combined with a liberal(开明的) use of the pronoun “we” and not just ”I”when describing your accomplishments(业绩), can change the company’s perception/impression(看法，印象) of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator.这个方法，加上你在描述业绩是开明的使用代词“我们”而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。 11.I’m trying to foster/encourage(培养，鼓励) an interest in classical music in my children.我尝试着培养孩子在古典音乐上的兴趣。 12.A German company collaborated/cooperated(合作)with a Swiss firm(公司) to develop the product.一个德国公司和一个瑞士公司合作开发的产品。 P17 The independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific employment：academic and industrial. For decades, academia has paid lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to adjust . Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic setting , collaboration remains informal and is actually discourage by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing credit for their work with others.

研究生基础综合英语邱东林版课后翻译答案1-8

课后文章翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师 警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考 试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半 文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学 习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’ s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她 求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之 间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑 不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳 达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意 识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱 情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的 祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty.The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post , Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda ’ s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’ t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree

学术综合英语unit1-5课后习题答案

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be explicit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

研究生综合英语(翻译+答案)

Unit One An Image or a Mirage V. Translation A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。 我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “Y ou are what you think you are.” It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Y our happiness will be based on it. Y ou will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self — otherwise, the

【9A文】研究生基础综合英语课后答案汇总-附词汇

Unit1对F的赞美 1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。 2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。 3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。”很多诸如此类的抱怨。 4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。 5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。 6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话。”她告诉我。“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我。“我不会换高年级学生的座位。”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。”我大感紧张。我们儿子的学习生涯在我的眼前闪现。之前，没有老师以此威胁过他。我恢复镇定，艰难地表示我认为她是对的。到家时，我对此感觉良好。目前这是一种激进的做法，但是，嗯，为什么不这么做呢？“她要给你不及格。”我告诉我的儿子。我没有再多说什么。突然英语就在他的生活中成了头等大事。他期末得了一个A。 7我知道一个例子不能说明问题，但我在夜校中看见了一群愤怒、怨恨的学生，他们愤恨的原因是学校让他们一路混，直到他们甚至都无法再假装跟得上。这些学生智力水平至少也算中等，但最终都退学了，他们总结说自己太笨，学不下去了。我最常听见的话是：“我本应该被留级。”更悲哀的是那些高中毕业生在上课几周后对我说：“我都不知道自己是怎么拿到高中文凭的。”

研究生英语综合教程课后习题答案

U n i t O n e Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a) 3. essential (a) 4. essentials (c) 5. dimension (c) 6. intimate (a) 7. maintains (c) 8. defies (b) 9. intimated (d) 10. dimensions (a) 11. defy (a) 12. romantic (b) 13. dimensions (b) 14. maintain (d) 15. intimate (c) Task 3 1) prerequisite 2) date 3) Respect 4) important 5) whomever 6) candidates 7) highly 8) essential 9) suitable 10) sufficient Unit Five